PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 34095013-3 2021 Methods: After searching for trials using combination therapy of metformin with DPP4 inhibitor or SU in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase, one prospective observation study and 15 randomized controlled studies were selected. Metformin 65-74 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 80-84 35115253-9 2022 Metformin-dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (e.g., metformin-sitagliptin) combination was the most popular metformin-based single pill drug combination. Metformin 50-59 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 10-32 35118026-3 2022 Methods: After searching for trials using combination therapy of metformin with an SU or DPP4 inhibitor in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase, 1 prospective observational study and 15 randomized controlled studies were selected. Metformin 65-74 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 89-93 35059248-10 2022 Adding DPP-4-inhibitor to the lower dose of metformin is an alternative approach to the stable GV in MDI compared to additional high-dose metformin. Metformin 44-53 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 7-12 33838614-13 2021 CONCLUSION: DPP-4 inhibitor use was associated with lower mortality in COVID-19 patients, and the association was weaker in patients who were also taking metformin and/or ACE inhibitors. Metformin 154-163 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 12-17 33881795-8 2021 Among treatment visits where metformin plus another drug was prescribed, the share of second line therapy accounted for by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors decreased from 21.9% of treatment visits in 2015 to 20.8% of treatment visits in 2019; sulfonylurea use declined from 45.2% to 32.7%, use of SGLT-2 inhibitors increased from 14.5% to 21.2% and use of GLP-1 agonists increased from 9.8% to 18.2%. Metformin 29-38 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 123-145 33881795-8 2021 Among treatment visits where metformin plus another drug was prescribed, the share of second line therapy accounted for by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors decreased from 21.9% of treatment visits in 2015 to 20.8% of treatment visits in 2019; sulfonylurea use declined from 45.2% to 32.7%, use of SGLT-2 inhibitors increased from 14.5% to 21.2% and use of GLP-1 agonists increased from 9.8% to 18.2%. Metformin 29-38 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 147-152 32745279-10 2021 CONCLUSIONS: Dapagliflozin is a cost-saving alternative to DPP-4 inhibitor when added to metformin and sulfonylurea. Metformin 89-98 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 59-64 34057870-5 2021 Metformin also declines the adherence of Sars-cov2 to DPP4 (the other receptor of the virus) on T cells. Metformin 0-9 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 54-58 33669354-3 2021 DPP4 inhibitors play an important role in the clinical management of T2DM: if metformin alone is not sufficient enough to control the blood sugar levels, DPP4 inhibitors are often used as second-line therapy; additionally, DPP-4 inhibitors are also used in triple therapies with metformin and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors or with metformin and insulin. Metformin 78-87 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 0-4 33669354-3 2021 DPP4 inhibitors play an important role in the clinical management of T2DM: if metformin alone is not sufficient enough to control the blood sugar levels, DPP4 inhibitors are often used as second-line therapy; additionally, DPP-4 inhibitors are also used in triple therapies with metformin and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors or with metformin and insulin. Metformin 279-288 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 0-4 33669354-3 2021 DPP4 inhibitors play an important role in the clinical management of T2DM: if metformin alone is not sufficient enough to control the blood sugar levels, DPP4 inhibitors are often used as second-line therapy; additionally, DPP-4 inhibitors are also used in triple therapies with metformin and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors or with metformin and insulin. Metformin 279-288 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 0-4 32926865-8 2021 Our optimized, validated bioanalytic method for measuring DPP4 activity in plasma samples was successfully employed to evaluate the effect of evogliptin (DA-1229) tartrate, which irreversibly and dose-dependently inhibits DPP4 enzymatic activity, without the dilution effect of human plasma samples and irrespective of the co-treated metformin. Metformin 334-343 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 58-62 33527807-5 2021 Evogliptin is a recently developed dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, which can to be combined with metformin for treating T2DM. Metformin 107-116 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 35-57 33527807-5 2021 Evogliptin is a recently developed dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, which can to be combined with metformin for treating T2DM. Metformin 107-116 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 59-64 32994182-11 2021 Our findings suggest that metformin may serve as an antimetastatic agent by mitigating the undesirable effects of DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with certain cancers. Metformin 26-35 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 114-119 32994182-12 2021 Implications: Metformin could combat the detrimental effects of DPP-4 inhibitor on breast cancer metastasis via mTOR suppression, suggesting the potential clinical relevance. Metformin 14-23 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 64-69 32994182-4 2021 In this study, we investigated whether metformin mitigates breast cancer metastasis induced by a DPP-4 inhibitor via suppression of mTOR signaling. Metformin 39-48 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 97-102 32878700-7 2020 Use of insulin increased (OR 1.16, 95 % CI 1.06-1.27) whereas use of metformin and DPP-4 inhibitors decreased (metformin: OR 0.80, 95 % CI 0.70-0.90; DPP-4 inhibitors: OR 0.82, 95 % CI 0.73-0.93). Metformin 111-120 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 83-88 32994182-5 2021 In cultured mouse mammary and human breast cancer cells, metformin suppressed DPP-4 inhibitor KR62436 (KR)-induced EMT and cell migration via suppression of the mTOR pathway associated with AMPK activation. Metformin 57-66 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 78-83 32886218-5 2022 METHODS: We evaluated the hemorheological parameters of 63 patients of whom 38 received metformin with a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, while 25 received metformin with SGLT-2 inhibitor. Metformin 88-97 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 105-127 33189895-1 2021 AIMS: Preliminary data have suggested that metformin might potentiate cardiovascular (CV) protection by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is), but reduce CV protection by sodium-glucose cotransporter type-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is), in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) at high CV-related risk. Metformin 43-52 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 104-126 33189895-1 2021 AIMS: Preliminary data have suggested that metformin might potentiate cardiovascular (CV) protection by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is), but reduce CV protection by sodium-glucose cotransporter type-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is), in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) at high CV-related risk. Metformin 43-52 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 139-144 33482956-0 2020 Evaluation of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors versus Thiazolidinediones or Insulin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Uncontrolled with Metformin and a Sulfonylurea in a Real-World Setting. Metformin 136-145 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 14-36 33425803-1 2020 Sulfonylurea (SU) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are most common secondary agents that are added to metformin monotherapy. Metformin 115-124 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 22-44 33425803-1 2020 Sulfonylurea (SU) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are most common secondary agents that are added to metformin monotherapy. Metformin 115-124 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 46-51 33205256-1 2021 A 64-year old man developed alopecia universalis after one month of treatment with metformin and sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor. Metformin 83-92 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 112-134 33116701-0 2020 Add-On Therapy with DPP-4 Inhibitors May Improve Renal Function Decline in alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitor and Metformin Users: A Retrospective Observational Study. Metformin 107-116 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 20-25 33116701-12 2020 These results suggest that the beneficial effects of DPP-4 inhibitors on kidney function may have occurred in the presence of an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor and/or metformin. Metformin 164-173 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 53-58 32050809-4 2020 Among the metformin users, we assessed the titration in its dose or treatment during the 12 month period after initiation at 3 month intervals.Results: Among 20,401 new antidiabetic users, the most frequently used agents during the study period were dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4is; 47.4%), followed by biguanides (18.5%) and sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is; 6.7%). Metformin 10-19 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 250-272 32274915-5 2020 Metformin seems to be safe and presents evident positive effects on insulin sensitivity, but long-term and consistent data are still missing to establish its role in the paediatric population and the possible effectiveness of other emergent treatments such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues, dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, dual inhibitors of SGLT1 and SGLT2 and weight loss drugs. Metformin 0-9 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 303-324 32274915-5 2020 Metformin seems to be safe and presents evident positive effects on insulin sensitivity, but long-term and consistent data are still missing to establish its role in the paediatric population and the possible effectiveness of other emergent treatments such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues, dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, dual inhibitors of SGLT1 and SGLT2 and weight loss drugs. Metformin 0-9 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 326-331 32050809-6 2020 Moreover, 27% remained on the same daily dose during the 1 year follow-up, whereas another 29.9% discontinued their antidiabetic treatment altogether.Conclusions: A unique pattern of prescription was observed amongst Japanese patients with T2DM, and DPP4is, rather than metformin, were predominantly used as the first-line treatment. Metformin 270-279 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 250-254 30663560-4 2020 Regarding antidiabetic medication, metformin, gliclazide, pioglitazone, exenatide and dapagliflozin exert a beneficial effect on Endothelial Function (EF); glimepiride and glibenclamide, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and liraglutide have a neutral effect, while studies examining the effect of insulin analogues, empagliflozin and canagliflozin on EF are limited. Metformin 35-44 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 187-209 31789451-0 2020 Persistent whole day meal effects of three dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors on glycemia and hormonal responses in metformin-treated type 2 diabetes. Metformin 115-124 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 43-65 31607509-9 2020 DISCUSSION - CONCLUSION: Based on this study, the drug combination metformin+DPP-4 inhibitor would be the better therapy in elderly diabetic patient. Metformin 67-76 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 77-82 31695754-9 2019 DPP-4 inhibitors were prescribed over metformin in patients with renal disease (odds ratio [OR]: 4.20; p < 0.0001), coronary heart disease and stroke (OR: 2.22; p < 0.0001). Metformin 38-47 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 0-5 31330313-4 2019 Drugs used for T2DM treatment from insulin and metformin through dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists may represent a promising approach to fight AD. Metformin 47-56 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 65-87 31559762-6 2019 In metformin uncontrolled patients, 56.8% responders chose to start a DPP4 inhibitor. Metformin 3-12 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 70-74 31275246-7 2019 Recently, DPP-4 inhibitors have increasingly replaced sulfonylureas as second line therapy after metformin failure and many metformin/DPP-4 inhibitor fixed dose combinations are available. Metformin 97-106 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 10-15 31275246-7 2019 Recently, DPP-4 inhibitors have increasingly replaced sulfonylureas as second line therapy after metformin failure and many metformin/DPP-4 inhibitor fixed dose combinations are available. Metformin 124-133 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 10-15 31275246-8 2019 In later stages of type 2 diabetes, DPP-4 inhibitors are also recommended in the guidelines in triple therapies with metformin and SGLT-2 inhibitors or with metformin and insulin. Metformin 117-126 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 36-41 31275243-6 2019 This action was seen when DPP-4 inhibitors were used both as monotherapy and as add-on to other therapies, i.e., metformin, sulfonylureas, tiazolidinediones or exogenous insulin. Metformin 113-122 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 26-31 31275246-8 2019 In later stages of type 2 diabetes, DPP-4 inhibitors are also recommended in the guidelines in triple therapies with metformin and SGLT-2 inhibitors or with metformin and insulin. Metformin 157-166 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 36-41 31275246-10 2019 DPP-4 inhibitors can be used as monotherapy when metformin is contraindicated or not tolerated. Metformin 49-58 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 0-5 31275246-11 2019 Some studies have shown value of initial metformin-DPP-4 inhibitor combination therapy in special populations. Metformin 41-50 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 51-56 30603867-2 2019 The introduction of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, more than 10 years ago, has provided an alternative to conventional medications for the intensification of glucose-lowering treatment after failure of metformin monotherapy, and therefore, marked an important advance in the management of T2DM. Metformin 214-223 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 20-42 30603867-2 2019 The introduction of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, more than 10 years ago, has provided an alternative to conventional medications for the intensification of glucose-lowering treatment after failure of metformin monotherapy, and therefore, marked an important advance in the management of T2DM. Metformin 214-223 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 44-49 30609212-1 2019 AIMS: To characterize the glycaemic efficacy and safety of initiation of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin during metformin dose escalation in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) not at glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) goal on a sub-maximal dose of metformin. Metformin 129-138 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 77-99 30457671-8 2019 Hypoglycemia risk for DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors, and thiazolidinediones was generally very low but increased slightly for both GLP-1RAs and metformin. Metformin 149-158 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 22-27 30171747-9 2019 CONCLUSIONS: A comparison of GV with HMET versus LMET + DPP4 suggested that LMET + DPP4 might reduce post-breakfast GV to a greater degree than HMET in type 2 diabetes patients receiving low-dose metformin monotherapy. Metformin 196-205 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 83-87 30904743-8 2019 The most commonly prescribed second-line therapies were combinations of metformin with a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (23.5%; ARR: 2.2-29.6%) or a sulfonylurea (20.9%; ARR: 13.6-57.1%). Metformin 72-81 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 89-111 30229901-2 2019 We aimed to investigate the association between different glucose-lowering treatments, including DPP-4 inhibitors and metformin, both with potential NRF2 modulating effects, and new-onset metastatic cancer among type 2 diabetes patients with comorbid incident cancer. Metformin 118-127 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 97-102 30456843-0 2019 Impact of metformin use on the cardiovascular effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: An analysis of Medicare claims data from 2007 to 2015. Metformin 10-19 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 57-79 30456843-5 2019 RESULTS: For the DPP-4 inhibitor (n = 13 391) versus sulphonylurea (n = 33 206) comparison, rate differences in composite outcome incidence favoured DPP-4 inhibitors: -2.0/100 person-years among metformin users (95% confidence interval [CI] -2.7 to -1.3) and - 1.0/100 person-years (95% CI -1.8 to -0.2) among metformin non-users. Metformin 195-204 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 149-154 30456843-5 2019 RESULTS: For the DPP-4 inhibitor (n = 13 391) versus sulphonylurea (n = 33 206) comparison, rate differences in composite outcome incidence favoured DPP-4 inhibitors: -2.0/100 person-years among metformin users (95% confidence interval [CI] -2.7 to -1.3) and - 1.0/100 person-years (95% CI -1.8 to -0.2) among metformin non-users. Metformin 310-319 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 149-154 30456843-7 2019 The interaction between DPP-4 inhibitor initiation and metformin was statistically significant for non-fatal MI (P = 0.008). Metformin 55-64 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 24-29 30456843-8 2019 For the DPP-4 inhibitor (n = 22 210) versus thiazolidinedione (n = 9517) comparison, rate differences in composite outcome incidence for DPP-4 inhibitor initiation were -0.6/100 person-years (95% CI -1.5 to 0.2) among metformin users and 1.0 (95% CI 0.0 to 2.0) among metformin non-users. Metformin 218-227 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 137-142 30456843-8 2019 For the DPP-4 inhibitor (n = 22 210) versus thiazolidinedione (n = 9517) comparison, rate differences in composite outcome incidence for DPP-4 inhibitor initiation were -0.6/100 person-years (95% CI -1.5 to 0.2) among metformin users and 1.0 (95% CI 0.0 to 2.0) among metformin non-users. Metformin 268-277 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 137-142 30456843-10 2019 The interaction between DPP-4 inhibitor initiation and metformin was statistically significant for the composite outcome (P = 0.024) and mortality (P = 0.023). Metformin 55-64 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 24-29 30456843-11 2019 CONCLUSION: Incidence rate differences in multiple CV outcomes appeared more favourable when DPP-4 inhibitor initiation occurred in the presence of metformin, suggesting a possible interaction between DPP-4 inhibitors and metformin. Metformin 148-157 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 93-98 30456843-11 2019 CONCLUSION: Incidence rate differences in multiple CV outcomes appeared more favourable when DPP-4 inhibitor initiation occurred in the presence of metformin, suggesting a possible interaction between DPP-4 inhibitors and metformin. Metformin 148-157 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 201-206 30456843-11 2019 CONCLUSION: Incidence rate differences in multiple CV outcomes appeared more favourable when DPP-4 inhibitor initiation occurred in the presence of metformin, suggesting a possible interaction between DPP-4 inhibitors and metformin. Metformin 222-231 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 93-98 31016151-15 2019 Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors seem to be fast catching up with sulfonylureas as a second-line treatment after metformin. Metformin 114-123 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 0-22 30710655-15 2019 INTERPRETATION: These results suggest better safety profile for DPP-4 inhibitors than sulfonylureas for both comparisons, and it is more notable when the treatment regimen includes metformin. Metformin 181-190 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 64-69 30249366-1 2018 PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetic interactions between a newly developed dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor, gemigliptin, and metformin in healthy Mexican male volunteers, and the differences in the pharmacokinetic profile of gemigliptin between Korean and Mexican healthy volunteers. Metformin 161-170 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 104-132 30646315-18 2018 Clinicians may consider prescribing GLP-1 receptor agonists, SGLT-2 inhibitors, or DPP-4 inhibitors more routinely after metformin rather than sulfonylureas or basal insulin. Metformin 121-130 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 83-88 30310100-5 2018 Initiators of DPP4 inhibitors were associated with an increased risk of acute kidney injury when compared to metformin initiators (HR [95% CI] for acute kidney injury: 1.85 [1.10-3.12], although this association was attenuated when DPP4 inhibitor monotherapy was compared to metformin monotherapy exposure as a time-dependent variable (HR 1.39 [0.91-2.11]). Metformin 275-284 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 14-18 30646124-3 2018 Objective: To identify which drug classes among sulfonylureas, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, and thiazolidinediones are associated with reduced hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and lower risk of myocardial infarction, kidney disorders, and eye disorders in patients with T2D treated with metformin as a first-line therapy. Metformin 298-307 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 63-85 30095971-7 2018 CONCLUSION: As an initial treatment, the high dose of metformin in combination with DPP-4 inhibitors not only provided better glycemic control but also had less effect on weight gain compared with the low-dose combination therapy through the correction of metformin monotherapy. Metformin 256-265 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 84-89 30090931-11 2018 The association of DPP-4 inhibitor use with BP was independent of the use of metformin and was stronger among male (OR, 4.46; 95% CI, 2.11-9.40) than female (OR, 1.88; 95%, CI 0.92-3.86) patients and strongest in patients younger than 70 years (OR, 5.59; 95% CI, 1.73-18.01). Metformin 77-86 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 19-24 30233191-7 2018 Initiation of therapy with SUs or DPP-4 inhibitors was associated with a significantly higher risk of both treatment addition and switching than with metformin (HR 1.49 versus 1.47 for overall treatment adjustment, respectively). Metformin 150-159 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 34-39 30095971-1 2018 BACKGROUND: As initial combination therapy of metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, the efficacy and safety for the use of high dose of metformin or low dose of metformin and the efficacy and safety for the combination use for Asian and Caucasian patients were not clear. Metformin 154-163 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 60-82 30095971-1 2018 BACKGROUND: As initial combination therapy of metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, the efficacy and safety for the use of high dose of metformin or low dose of metformin and the efficacy and safety for the combination use for Asian and Caucasian patients were not clear. Metformin 154-163 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 84-89 30095971-1 2018 BACKGROUND: As initial combination therapy of metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, the efficacy and safety for the use of high dose of metformin or low dose of metformin and the efficacy and safety for the combination use for Asian and Caucasian patients were not clear. Metformin 154-163 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 60-82 30095971-1 2018 BACKGROUND: As initial combination therapy of metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, the efficacy and safety for the use of high dose of metformin or low dose of metformin and the efficacy and safety for the combination use for Asian and Caucasian patients were not clear. Metformin 154-163 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 84-89 29516618-6 2018 In cross-sectional analysis, greater prescribing of metformin and analogue insulin were associated with a higher proportion of patients achieving HbA1c <=58 mmol/mol; the use of SGLT2 inhibitors and metformin was associated with a reduced proportion of patients with HbA1c >86 mol/mol; otherwise associations for sulphonylureas, GLP-1 analogues, SGLT2 inhibitors and DPP-4 inhibitors were neutral or negative. Metformin 52-61 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 373-378 29645341-10 2018 CONCLUSIONS: Elderly subjects with metformin-treated type 2 diabetes have lower glucagon levels at 3.5 mmol/L glucose, but maintain the glucagon response to hypoglycaemia at 3.1 mmol/L during DPP-4 inhibition, which safeguards against hypoglycaemia and may contribute to decreasing the risk of hypoglycaemia by DPP-4 inhibition in this age group. Metformin 35-44 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 192-197 29645341-10 2018 CONCLUSIONS: Elderly subjects with metformin-treated type 2 diabetes have lower glucagon levels at 3.5 mmol/L glucose, but maintain the glucagon response to hypoglycaemia at 3.1 mmol/L during DPP-4 inhibition, which safeguards against hypoglycaemia and may contribute to decreasing the risk of hypoglycaemia by DPP-4 inhibition in this age group. Metformin 35-44 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 311-316 29516618-6 2018 In cross-sectional analysis, greater prescribing of metformin and analogue insulin were associated with a higher proportion of patients achieving HbA1c <=58 mmol/mol; the use of SGLT2 inhibitors and metformin was associated with a reduced proportion of patients with HbA1c >86 mol/mol; otherwise associations for sulphonylureas, GLP-1 analogues, SGLT2 inhibitors and DPP-4 inhibitors were neutral or negative. Metformin 202-211 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 373-378 29536608-2 2018 MATERIALS AND METHODS: From US Centricity Electronic Medical Records, 163 081 patients with type 2 diabetes aged 18 to 80 years, who had initiated metformin, intensified their treatment with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), sulphonylureas (SUs), insulin or thiazolidinediones (TZDs), and continued second-line treatment for >=6 months, were selected. Metformin 147-156 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 191-213 28704854-6 2018 The DPP-4 inhibitor+-metformin group showed a greater HbA1c reduction than the metformin group (1.3+-1.4% vs. 0.9+-1.0%, p=0.022), with no significant differences between groups in hypoglycemic episodes. Metformin 21-30 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 4-9 30322471-5 2018 Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors are considered as second-line drugs (and as first-line drugs if metformin is contraindicated or poorly tolerated). Metformin 98-107 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 0-22 29549573-10 2018 The rate of HF among AE reports for DPP4is was modestly moderated by the concomitant use of metformin (- 15%) and strongly moderated by the concomitant use of SGLT2 inhibitors (- 63%), even after excluding competing AEs. Metformin 92-101 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 36-40 29285650-0 2018 Synergistic cytotoxicity of the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor gemigliptin with metformin in thyroid carcinoma cells. Metformin 83-92 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 32-55 29391064-10 2018 RESULTS: The discounted incremental cost of metformin+DPP-4i compared to metformin+SU was $11,849 and the incremental life-years gained were 0.61, resulting in an ICER of $19,420 per life-year gained for patients in the metformin+DPP-4i treatment pathway. Metformin 44-53 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 54-59 29138876-6 2018 RESULTS: Individuals aged >=65 years on metformin + pioglitazone had a significantly lower risk of dementia compared with those on metformin + sulfonylurea (HR 0.56; 95% CI 0.34, 0.93), and a lower, but insignificant, risk of dementia compared with those on other metformin-based dual regimens (i.e. metformin + acarbose, metformin + meglitinide, metformin + insulin or metformin + dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors). Metformin 43-52 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 385-407 29051159-0 2017 Metformin Use May Moderate the Effect of DPP-4 Inhibitors on Cardiovascular Outcomes. Metformin 0-9 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 41-46 29144805-0 2018 DPP4 INHIBITOR SITAGLIPTIN AS A POTENTIAL TREATMENT OPTION IN METFORMIN-INTOLERANT OBESE WOMEN WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME: A PILOT RANDOMIZED STUDY. Metformin 62-71 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 0-4 29144805-3 2018 The present study evaluated the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor sitagliptin as a potential treatment option in metformin-intolerant PCOS. Metformin 112-121 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 32-54 28418203-1 2018 BACKGROUND: Vildagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor commonly used as a dual oral agent with metformin, thiazolidinediones, or sulfonylurea for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Metformin 103-112 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 30-52 29170542-0 2018 Diabetes: Metformin - a cardiovascular moderator of DPP4 inhibitors? Metformin 10-19 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 52-56 28701284-12 2017 CONCLUSION: The most cost-effective DPP-4 Inhibitor was sitagliptin with metformin. Metformin 73-82 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 36-41 29051159-1 2017 OBJECTIVE: To explore prevalent metformin use as a potential moderator of the cardiovascular effects of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP-4i). Metformin 32-41 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 104-126 28323503-2 2017 The aim of the study was to evaluate whether dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor alogliptin (ALO) alone or in combination with pioglitazone (PIO) improves beta-cell function along with insulin resistance (IR) in metformin (MET) treated obese women with PCOS with persistent IR. Metformin 217-226 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 45-67 29696037-6 2018 Metformin is the most widely used drug, together with sodium-glucose co-transporters 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, amylin analogues, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. Metformin 0-9 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 204-209 29188065-8 2017 Conclusion: Non-obese Asian Indian patients with T2DM and on metformin therapy have significantly higher circulating plasma DPP4 levels as compared to non-obese non-diabetic controls, and these levels correlate with fasting insulin and LDL-C levels, upper limb subcutaneous adipose tissue, intra-abdominal adiposity and presence of diabetes. Metformin 61-70 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 124-128 27752788-11 2017 CONCLUSIONS: According to the WHO threshold applied to the country and year of each study, DPP-4 inhibitors were highly cost-effective as second-line, as add-ons to metformin, in comparison with sulfonylureas. Metformin 165-174 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 91-96 28547998-2 2017 dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, omarigliptin, in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and inadequate glycemic control on metformin monotherapy. Metformin 123-132 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 0-22 28923291-13 2017 IMPLICATIONS: The use of prohibited metformin in a trial of a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, omarigliptin, introduced a confounding factor that invalidated the results of the trial. Metformin 36-45 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 62-84 28771933-9 2017 Our concomitancy analysis showed that DPP-4 inhibitors have overtaken sulfonylureas since 2014 as the most common add-on to metformin. Metformin 124-133 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 38-43 28455750-1 2017 In type 2 diabetes patients treated in German primary care practices, the use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4i) in combination with metformin was associated with a significant decrease in the risk of developing bone fractures compared to metformin monotherapy. Metformin 248-257 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 81-103 28827024-9 2017 IMPLICATIONS: The network meta-analysis found that compared with glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists, metformin, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors are associated with a lower incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events. Metformin 108-117 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 152-174 29109662-4 2017 Dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitors like linagliptin are usually add-on therapy to metformin in order to achieve glycemic control. Metformin 90-99 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 0-23 29109662-4 2017 Dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitors like linagliptin are usually add-on therapy to metformin in order to achieve glycemic control. Metformin 90-99 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 25-30 28403729-1 2017 INTRODUCTION: Vildagliptin is an inhibitor of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 4, indicated for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, combined or not with metformin. Metformin 159-168 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 57-79 28109184-8 2017 RESULTS: DPP4is as a second-line add-on to metformin had a significantly lower stroke risk [hazard ratio (HR) 0.817 (95% confidence interval 0.687, 0.971)] and all-cause mortality [HR 0.825 (0.687, 0.992)] than those for sulphonylurea. Metformin 43-52 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 9-13 28332871-6 2017 Recent clinical evidence shows that SGLT2 inhibitor/DPP-4 inhibitor therapy is an effective combination for T2DM treatment, providing glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) reductions of 1.1 to 1.5%, and weight reductions of approximately 2 kg when added to metformin, which is its primary place in therapy. Metformin 247-256 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 52-57 28332871-7 2017 CONCLUSION: The combination of an SGLT2 inhibitor/DPP-4 inhibitor is a safe and effective treatment choice for patients with T2DM who are unable to obtain adequate glycemic control with metformin therapy, cannot use metformin, or have a higher baseline HbA1c. Metformin 186-195 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 50-55 28332871-7 2017 CONCLUSION: The combination of an SGLT2 inhibitor/DPP-4 inhibitor is a safe and effective treatment choice for patients with T2DM who are unable to obtain adequate glycemic control with metformin therapy, cannot use metformin, or have a higher baseline HbA1c. Metformin 216-225 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 50-55 28330386-9 2017 CONCLUSION: In routine clinical practice, intensification of metformin + sulfonylurea therapy by adding insulin is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events and death compared with adding a dipeptidylpeptidase-4 inhibitor. Metformin 61-70 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 204-225 28026911-6 2017 In multivariate adjusted analyses, total event rates for MACE with metformin + dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor were significantly lower than with metformin + SU (0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.39-0.98), driven by a lower MI rate in the metformin + DPP-4 inhibitor group (0.52, 95% CI 0.27-0.99). Metformin 67-76 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 79-101 28026911-6 2017 In multivariate adjusted analyses, total event rates for MACE with metformin + dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor were significantly lower than with metformin + SU (0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.39-0.98), driven by a lower MI rate in the metformin + DPP-4 inhibitor group (0.52, 95% CI 0.27-0.99). Metformin 67-76 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 103-108 28026911-6 2017 In multivariate adjusted analyses, total event rates for MACE with metformin + dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor were significantly lower than with metformin + SU (0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.39-0.98), driven by a lower MI rate in the metformin + DPP-4 inhibitor group (0.52, 95% CI 0.27-0.99). Metformin 67-76 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 263-268 27177784-8 2016 In comparison with the metformin-sulphonylurea regimen, adjusted HRs were 0.78 (95% CI 0.55; 1.11) for the metformin-DPP-4 inhibitor regimen and 0.68 (95% CI 0.54; 0.85) for the metformin-thiazolidinedione regimen. Metformin 107-116 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 117-122 28056431-1 2017 AIMS: The objective of this nationwide study was to compare the risk of all-cause mortality, fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular disease (CVD), and severe hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) on metformin monotherapy treatment starting second-line treatment with either insulin or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i). Metformin 208-217 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 294-316 28188318-2 2017 Sulfonylureas have been the preferred add-on therapy to metformin for T2DM, but a study finds that DPP-4s have lower risks of death, CV events, and hypoglycemia. Metformin 56-65 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 99-104 27734321-1 2016 BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are widely used as second-option medications when metformin fails. Metformin 104-113 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 12-34 27734321-1 2016 BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are widely used as second-option medications when metformin fails. Metformin 104-113 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 36-41 27282621-10 2016 CONCLUSIONS: This nationwide observational study showed that second-line treatment with TZD and DPP-4 inhibitor as add-on medication to metformin were associated with significantly lower risks of mortality and cardiovascular events compared with SU, whereas basal insulin was associated with a higher risk of mortality. Metformin 136-145 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 96-101 27627081-8 2016 KEY WORDS: DPP-4 inhibitors - gliflozines - GLP-1 agonists - insulin - metformin - osteoporosis - sulfonylureas - thiazolidinediones - type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metformin 71-80 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 11-16 27177784-8 2016 In comparison with the metformin-sulphonylurea regimen, adjusted HRs were 0.78 (95% CI 0.55; 1.11) for the metformin-DPP-4 inhibitor regimen and 0.68 (95% CI 0.54; 0.85) for the metformin-thiazolidinedione regimen. Metformin 107-116 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 117-122 27570448-0 2016 Treatment progression in sulfonylurea and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor cohorts of type 2 diabetes patients on metformin. Metformin 114-123 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 42-64 27500523-6 2016 This was about half the effect seen with the addition of a DPP-4 inhibitor, and equated to a dose difference of 550 mg of metformin, suggesting rs8192675 as a potential biomarker for stratified medicine. Metformin 122-131 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 59-64 27076180-7 2016 Conversely, DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists gained market shares due to their efficacy in glycemic control as an add-on treatment to metformin. Metformin 146-155 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 12-17 27570447-0 2016 Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between metformin and a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, evogliptin, in healthy subjects. Metformin 57-66 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 79-101 27570447-1 2016 Evogliptin is a newly developed dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, which is expected to be combined with metformin for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metformin 112-121 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 32-54 27570447-1 2016 Evogliptin is a newly developed dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, which is expected to be combined with metformin for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metformin 112-121 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 56-61 26073221-8 2016 Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (iDPP4) are particularly useful in this age group, either as a second drug added to metformin monotherapy, or as first line when metformin is contraindicated or not tolerated. Metformin 118-127 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 0-22 27928958-9 2016 CONCLUSION: The use of either NPH insulin or a DPP-4 inhibitor as add-on treatments improves glucose control in patients with T2D failing on metformin plus glyburide therapy. Metformin 141-150 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 47-52 27882332-2 2016 Our aim was to define the conditions that affect therapeutic success when dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor is added to metformin monotherapy. Metformin 127-136 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 74-96 27882332-2 2016 Our aim was to define the conditions that affect therapeutic success when dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor is added to metformin monotherapy. Metformin 127-136 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 98-103 27882332-7 2016 Patients who added DPP-4 inhibitor to metformin monotherapy had significant weight loss (P = 0.004) and FBG and HbA1c levels were significantly lowered during the first 6 months (both P < 0.001). Metformin 38-47 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 19-24 27882332-11 2016 Our study demonstrates that in patients having inadequate glycemic control, the addition of a DPP-4 inhibitor as a second oral agent to metformin monotherapy provides better glycemic control, protects beta-cell reserves, and does not cause weight gain. Metformin 136-145 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 94-99 27040861-0 2016 Safety and efficacy of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors vs sulfonylurea in metformin-based combination therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Metformin 76-85 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 23-45 27040861-1 2016 PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of DPP-4 inhibitors versus sulfonylurea as adjunctive second-line therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, inadequately controlled with metformin mono-therapy. Metformin 220-229 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 77-82 26073221-8 2016 Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (iDPP4) are particularly useful in this age group, either as a second drug added to metformin monotherapy, or as first line when metformin is contraindicated or not tolerated. Metformin 163-172 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 0-22 26867302-2 2015 Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors (gliptins) are more and more prominent medications in the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D), with five molecules commercialized and as many fixed-dose combinations with metformin. Metformin 213-222 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 0-22 26616595-0 2015 Clinical Characteristics and Metabolic Predictors of Rapid Responders to Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor as an Add-on Therapy to Sulfonylurea and Metformin. Metformin 147-156 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 73-95 26616595-1 2015 BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor add-on therapy is a new option for patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes who are taking combined metformin and sulfonylurea (SU). Metformin 166-175 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 12-34 26616595-1 2015 BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor add-on therapy is a new option for patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes who are taking combined metformin and sulfonylurea (SU). Metformin 166-175 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 36-41 26616595-3 2015 METHODS: We included 807 patients with type 2 diabetes who were prescribed a newly added DPP-4 inhibitor to ongoing metformin and SU in 2009 to 2011. Metformin 116-125 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 89-94 26867302-2 2015 Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors (gliptins) are more and more prominent medications in the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D), with five molecules commercialized and as many fixed-dose combinations with metformin. Metformin 213-222 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 24-29 26457538-0 2015 Effects on Clinical Outcomes of Adding Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors Versus Sulfonylureas to Metformin Therapy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Metformin 97-106 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 39-61 26457538-13 2015 CONCLUSION: Compared with sulfonylureas, DPP-4 inhibitors were associated with lower risks for all-cause death, MACEs, ischemic stroke, and hypoglycemia when used as add-ons to metformin therapy. Metformin 177-186 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 41-46 26474470-7 2015 In T2DM subjects, sCD26/DPP-IV levels were associated with significantly higher A1c levels, but were significantly lower in patients using monotherapy with metformin. Metformin 156-165 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 24-30 26474470-14 2015 Moreover, metformin monotherapy was associated with reduced sCD26/DPP-IV levels. Metformin 10-19 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 66-72 26962605-9 2015 DPP-4 inhibitor/metformin fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) are marketed for all four DPP-4 inhibitors. Metformin 16-25 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 83-88 25840943-3 2015 Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models to compare the DPP-4 inhibitor-metformin combination to the sulfonylurea-metformin combination so as to study the risk for a composite endpoint consisting of myocardial infarction, stroke and all-cause mortality. Metformin 139-148 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 123-128 25840943-6 2015 The crude incidence rates (95% CIs) of the composite endpoint were 1.2% (0.8% to 1.7%) and 2.2% (1.9% to 2.5%) per year for the DPP-4 inhibitor-metformin and sulfonylurea-metformin combinations, respectively. Metformin 144-153 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 128-133 25840943-6 2015 The crude incidence rates (95% CIs) of the composite endpoint were 1.2% (0.8% to 1.7%) and 2.2% (1.9% to 2.5%) per year for the DPP-4 inhibitor-metformin and sulfonylurea-metformin combinations, respectively. Metformin 171-180 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 128-133 25840943-7 2015 In the high-dimensional propensity score-adjusted model, the use of the DPP-4 inhibitor-metformin combination was associated with a 38% decreased risk for the composite endpoint (adjusted HR: 0.62; 95% CI 0.40 to 0.98), compared with the sulfonylurea-metformin combination. Metformin 88-97 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 72-77 25840943-7 2015 In the high-dimensional propensity score-adjusted model, the use of the DPP-4 inhibitor-metformin combination was associated with a 38% decreased risk for the composite endpoint (adjusted HR: 0.62; 95% CI 0.40 to 0.98), compared with the sulfonylurea-metformin combination. Metformin 251-260 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 72-77 25840943-8 2015 CONCLUSIONS: The use of a DPP-4 inhibitor combination with metformin, compared with a sulfonylurea-metformin combination, was associated with decreased risks for major cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. Metformin 59-68 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 26-31 26173919-3 2015 DPP-4 inhibitors may be used as monotherapy or in double or triple combination with other oral glucose-lowering agents such as metformin, thiazolidinediones, or sulfonylureas. Metformin 127-136 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 0-5 26962596-11 2015 Of note, the Canadian Drug Expert Committee recommendations for the existing DPP-4 inhibitors have recommended listing for patients with inadequate glycemic control on metformin and a sulfonylurea who are unable to use insulin. Metformin 168-177 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 77-82 25736235-15 2015 Of the seven studies comparing DPP-4 inhibitors plus metformin with sulfonylureas plus metformin, six concluded that DPP-4 inhibitors were cost effective in patients with type 2 diabetes who were no longer adequately controlled by metformin monotherapy. Metformin 53-62 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 117-122 25457473-5 2015 CONCLUSION: Both of these DPP-4 inhibitors, given as SPCs twice daily with metformin, lowered FPG after 14 days of treatment. Metformin 75-84 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 26-31 25736235-15 2015 Of the seven studies comparing DPP-4 inhibitors plus metformin with sulfonylureas plus metformin, six concluded that DPP-4 inhibitors were cost effective in patients with type 2 diabetes who were no longer adequately controlled by metformin monotherapy. Metformin 87-96 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 117-122 25736235-15 2015 Of the seven studies comparing DPP-4 inhibitors plus metformin with sulfonylureas plus metformin, six concluded that DPP-4 inhibitors were cost effective in patients with type 2 diabetes who were no longer adequately controlled by metformin monotherapy. Metformin 87-96 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 117-122 30298777-5 2015 Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors and sodium glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitors are two newer classes of OADs that are efficacious and are less likely to induce adverse effects such as gastrointestinal reactions, hypoglycemia and weight gain when compared with metformin, sulfonylureas, and thiazolidinediones. Metformin 274-283 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 0-28 25999728-1 2015 Dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitors are oral antidiabetic agents that can be administered as monotherapy in patients with contraindications to metformin or metformin intolerance, and in combination with other oral compounds and/or insulin. Metformin 150-159 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 0-23 25999728-1 2015 Dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitors are oral antidiabetic agents that can be administered as monotherapy in patients with contraindications to metformin or metformin intolerance, and in combination with other oral compounds and/or insulin. Metformin 150-159 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 25-30 25999728-1 2015 Dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitors are oral antidiabetic agents that can be administered as monotherapy in patients with contraindications to metformin or metformin intolerance, and in combination with other oral compounds and/or insulin. Metformin 163-172 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 0-23 25999728-1 2015 Dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitors are oral antidiabetic agents that can be administered as monotherapy in patients with contraindications to metformin or metformin intolerance, and in combination with other oral compounds and/or insulin. Metformin 163-172 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 25-30 23665884-1 2015 Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have been well established as an adjunctive treatment to metformin. Metformin 99-108 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 0-22 23665884-1 2015 Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have been well established as an adjunctive treatment to metformin. Metformin 99-108 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 24-29 23665884-4 2015 Our objective was to evaluate, by means of retrospective analysis, the efficacy of once-daily metformin and vildagliptin (a DPP-4 inhibitor) in reducing blood glucose for patients on combination therapy. Metformin 94-103 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 124-129 25089916-12 2014 CONCLUSIONS: Despite the limitations of this observational study, diabetes patients with MS who were treated with metformin plus DPP-4 inhibitors had better compliance, greater metabolic control, and lower rates of hypoglycemia, causing lower costs for the Spanish national health system than patients receiving metformin plus other antidiabetes drugs. Metformin 312-321 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 129-134 25628514-3 2015 Addition of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin, with its proven efficacy, low propensity for hypoglycemia, and weight neutrality, has been shown to improve glycemic control for patients who are not well controlled with metformin. Metformin 233-242 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 16-38 24824197-1 2014 AIMS: To investigate the efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled by a combination of metformin and pioglitazone. Metformin 183-192 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 52-74 24827939-1 2014 AIM: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists are widely used in combinations with metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes; however, data on long-term safety compared with conventional combination therapies are limited. Metformin 129-138 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 5-27 24863949-3 2014 Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors are good candidates for early use as they are efficacious in combination with metformin, show weight neutrality and a low risk of hypoglycaemia. Metformin 112-121 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 0-22 24827939-1 2014 AIM: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists are widely used in combinations with metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes; however, data on long-term safety compared with conventional combination therapies are limited. Metformin 129-138 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 29-34 24827939-6 2014 In adjusted analyses with metformin + SU as reference, metformin + DPP-4 inhibitor was associated with an RR of 0.65 (0.54-0.80) for mortality, an RR of 0.57 (0.40-0.80) for CV mortality and an RR of 0.70 (0.57-0.85) for the combined end point. Metformin 26-35 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 67-72 23668534-5 2014 Moreover, recent studies have suggested that metformin enhances the biological effect of GLP-1 by increasing GLP-1 secretion, suppressing activity of DPP-4 and upregulating the expression of GLP-1 receptor in pancreatic beta-cells. Metformin 45-54 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 150-155 24827939-6 2014 In adjusted analyses with metformin + SU as reference, metformin + DPP-4 inhibitor was associated with an RR of 0.65 (0.54-0.80) for mortality, an RR of 0.57 (0.40-0.80) for CV mortality and an RR of 0.70 (0.57-0.85) for the combined end point. Metformin 55-64 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 67-72 25597711-1 2014 OBJECTIVES: Determine the clinical repurcussions of adherence, metabolic control, hypoglycemia and cardiovascular events (CVE) and economics (resources and costs) in the combination therapy of metformin vs DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) inhibitors and sulfonylureas in patients with type 2 diabetes. Metformin 193-202 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 213-235 24647737-7 2014 These observations indicate that in type 2 diabetes, 1) the capacity of endogenous GIP to lower blood glucose is impaired; 2) the effect of DPP-4 inhibition on glycemia is likely to depend on adequate endogenous GLP-1 release, requiring gastric emptying >2 kcal/min; and 3) the action of metformin to lower blood glucose is not predominantly by way of the incretin axis. Metformin 291-300 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 140-145 24682379-2 2014 In this work we compared RCT and real-life data on the efficacy of the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin or sulfonylureas when added to metformin. Metformin 157-166 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 71-94 24682379-2 2014 In this work we compared RCT and real-life data on the efficacy of the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin or sulfonylureas when added to metformin. Metformin 157-166 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 96-101 24639059-11 2014 CONCLUSIONS: DPP-IV inhibitors could achieve a long-term effective and safe glycaemic control for use as monotherapy or in combination with metformin. Metformin 140-149 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 13-19 24829965-6 2014 Moreover, the use of DPP-4 or SGLT-2 inhibitors significantly decreased risk of diarrhoea compared with placebo, when given concomitantly with metformin. Metformin 143-152 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 21-26 24186866-1 2014 Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors prevent degradation of incretin hormones (glucagon-like peptide 1 [GLP-1] and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide [GIP]), whereas metformin may increase GLP-1 levels. Metformin 181-190 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 24-29 25089625-1 2014 BACKGROUND: Incretin-based therapies which include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are recommended by several practice guidelines as second-line agents for add-on therapy to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who do not achieve glycemic control with metformin plus lifestyle interventions alone. Metformin 238-247 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 105-127 25089625-1 2014 BACKGROUND: Incretin-based therapies which include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are recommended by several practice guidelines as second-line agents for add-on therapy to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who do not achieve glycemic control with metformin plus lifestyle interventions alone. Metformin 238-247 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 129-134 25089625-1 2014 BACKGROUND: Incretin-based therapies which include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are recommended by several practice guidelines as second-line agents for add-on therapy to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who do not achieve glycemic control with metformin plus lifestyle interventions alone. Metformin 329-338 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 105-127 25089625-1 2014 BACKGROUND: Incretin-based therapies which include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are recommended by several practice guidelines as second-line agents for add-on therapy to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who do not achieve glycemic control with metformin plus lifestyle interventions alone. Metformin 329-338 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 129-134 24517395-0 2014 Adding a DPP-4 inhibitor to metformin therapy may be safer than you think. Metformin 28-37 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 9-14 23539735-6 2013 Serum CD26/DPP4 levels and enzymatic activities were also higher in patients with T2DM than in the control group only when metformin and/or thiazolidinedione-treated T2DM patients were excluded; metformin and/or thiazolidinedione-treated T2DM patients had lower values compared with other T2DM patients. Metformin 123-132 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 6-10 25279360-5 2014 35 of these patients were receiving therapy with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (the vast majority, in association to metformin). Metformin 121-130 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 49-71 25279360-7 2014 RESULTS: Patients on dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors therapy had a mean peak cardiac troponin plasma level of 50.2+-121.3 ng/ml (n=35), the corresponding value for insulin being 39.2+-108.4 ng/ml (n=56), for metformin the value was 45.8+-97.3 ng/ml (n=93) and for sulfonylureas, 42.4+-77.7 ng/ml (n=52). Metformin 210-219 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 21-43 23870706-2 2013 We have analyzed the clinical (diabetic treatment adherence, metabolic control, hypoglycemia and macrovascular complications) and economic (resource use and costs) consequences of the combination of metformin with dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors (DPPIV) in patients with type 2 diabetes. Metformin 199-208 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 247-252 23870706-5 2013 Two groups of patients were established: a) metformin with DPPIV and metformin with other diabetic drugs. Metformin 44-53 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 59-64 23870706-12 2013 CONCLUSIONS: Despite the limitations of the study, patients treated with metformin associated to DPPIV were more likely to show increased adherence, metabolic control and lower rates of hypoglycemia than those treated with metformin associated to other antidiabetics. Metformin 73-82 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 97-102 25180036-2 2014 The aim of this study is to examine the efficacy of adding a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor to patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by metformin and sulphonylurea combination treatment. Metformin 162-171 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 61-83 25180036-2 2014 The aim of this study is to examine the efficacy of adding a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor to patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by metformin and sulphonylurea combination treatment. Metformin 162-171 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 85-90 25180036-13 2014 DPP-4 inhibitor as a third-line add-on therapy can achieve significant glycaemic improvement in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on the combination of metformin and sulphonylurea. Metformin 172-181 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 0-5 23579178-0 2013 Mechanisms of glucose lowering of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin when used alone or with metformin in type 2 diabetes: a double-tracer study. Metformin 103-112 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 34-56 23539735-6 2013 Serum CD26/DPP4 levels and enzymatic activities were also higher in patients with T2DM than in the control group only when metformin and/or thiazolidinedione-treated T2DM patients were excluded; metformin and/or thiazolidinedione-treated T2DM patients had lower values compared with other T2DM patients. Metformin 123-132 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 11-15 23539735-6 2013 Serum CD26/DPP4 levels and enzymatic activities were also higher in patients with T2DM than in the control group only when metformin and/or thiazolidinedione-treated T2DM patients were excluded; metformin and/or thiazolidinedione-treated T2DM patients had lower values compared with other T2DM patients. Metformin 195-204 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 6-10 23680741-9 2013 In addition to the expected benefits associated with limiting insulin dose and regimen complexity, the specific advantages the DPP-4 inhibitor drug class on hypoglycemia and weight gain could justify combining DPP-4 inhibitors with insulin; additionally, a DPP-4 inhibitor may be of special value to decrease glycemic excursions that are not properly addressed by basal insulin therapy and metformin use, even after optimizing titration of the basal insulin. Metformin 390-399 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 127-132 23730503-1 2013 Dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitors have become an important orally active drug class for the treatment of type 2 diabetes as second-line therapy after metformin failure or as monotherapy or combination therapy with other drugs when metformin is not tolerated or contraindicated. Metformin 159-168 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 0-23 23730503-1 2013 Dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitors have become an important orally active drug class for the treatment of type 2 diabetes as second-line therapy after metformin failure or as monotherapy or combination therapy with other drugs when metformin is not tolerated or contraindicated. Metformin 159-168 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 25-30 23730503-1 2013 Dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitors have become an important orally active drug class for the treatment of type 2 diabetes as second-line therapy after metformin failure or as monotherapy or combination therapy with other drugs when metformin is not tolerated or contraindicated. Metformin 240-249 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 0-23 23730503-1 2013 Dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitors have become an important orally active drug class for the treatment of type 2 diabetes as second-line therapy after metformin failure or as monotherapy or combination therapy with other drugs when metformin is not tolerated or contraindicated. Metformin 240-249 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 25-30 23241069-5 2013 Of the recently introduced oral hypoglycemic/antihyperglycemic agents, the DPP-4 inhibitors are moderately efficacious compared with mainstay treatment with metformin with a low side-effect profile and have good efficacy in combination with other oral agents and insulin. Metformin 157-166 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 75-80 24137964-9 2013 CONCLUSION: The glucose-lowering efficiency of combination therapy with metformin + vildagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, was comparable with that of a metformin + SU combination, but safer with respect to the risk of developing hypoglycemia. Metformin 72-81 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 100-105 23421949-3 2013 Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors offer new options for combined therapy with metformin. Metformin 86-95 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 0-22 23421949-3 2013 Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors offer new options for combined therapy with metformin. Metformin 86-95 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 24-29 23662021-1 2013 OBJECTIVE: To compare and study the dipeptidy1 peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors in combination with metformin against established combination therapies. Metformin 98-107 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 36-58 23662021-1 2013 OBJECTIVE: To compare and study the dipeptidy1 peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors in combination with metformin against established combination therapies. Metformin 98-107 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 60-65 23373842-3 2013 Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, commonly referred to as gliptins, offer new options for combined therapy with metformin. Metformin 121-130 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 0-22 23373842-3 2013 Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, commonly referred to as gliptins, offer new options for combined therapy with metformin. Metformin 121-130 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 24-29 24640684-3 2013 The priority effective therapy tactics for T2DM is to manage the latter without any risk of HG, which can be implemented by the wide clinical application of incretins, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in particular, which have the glucose-lowering activity comparable with that shown by metformin and sulfonylurea drugs, are practically safe when used as monotherapy and significantly enhance the efficiency of therapy without substantially increasing the risk of severe HG when co-administered with other medications. Metformin 288-297 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 168-190 20455069-8 2012 Metformin at 48 h only in microvascular endothelial cells is able to reduce in a significant manner (p = 0.01) the activity of DPP-4 but not its expression. Metformin 0-9 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 127-132 22171692-0 2012 The increased dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity is not counteracted by optimized glucose control in type 2 diabetes, but is lower in metformin-treated patients. Metformin 131-140 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 14-36 22736406-2 2012 This work, therefore, aimed to assess the impact of such factors on the efficacy of the DPP-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, in add-on therapy to metformin. Metformin 140-149 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 88-93 22486277-0 2012 Effects of chronic treatment with metformin on dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity, glucagon-like peptide 1 and ghrelin in obese patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metformin 34-43 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 47-69 22683131-1 2012 BACKGROUND: In people with type 2 diabetes, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor is one choice as second-line treatment after metformin, with basal insulin recommended as an alternative. Metformin 132-141 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 46-68 22683131-1 2012 BACKGROUND: In people with type 2 diabetes, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor is one choice as second-line treatment after metformin, with basal insulin recommended as an alternative. Metformin 132-141 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 70-75 22171692-9 2012 In both sets of diabetic patients, the use of metformin was associated with a significantly lower DPP-4 activity, independently of age, sex, body mass index and HbA1c. Metformin 46-55 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 98-103 22171692-11 2012 However, metformin may indirectly reduce DPP-4 activity. Metformin 9-18 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 41-46 22197148-4 2012 DPP-4 inhibitors also exert clinically relevant glucose-lowering effects compared with a placebo in patients treated with SU or TZD (of potential interest when metformin is either not tolerated or contraindicated), and as oral triple therapy with a good tolerability profile when added to a metformin-SU or pioglitazone-SU combination. Metformin 160-169 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 0-5 22419732-0 2012 Efficacy and tolerability of the DPP-4 inhibitor alogliptin combined with pioglitazone, in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes. Metformin 91-100 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 33-38 22340932-12 2012 Combined patient and insurer spending for patients who were initiated on alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, meglitinides, or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors was $677 over a 6-month period compared with $116 and $118 for patients initiated on metformin or a sulfonylurea, respectively, a cost difference of approximately $1120 annually per patient. Metformin 259-268 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 140-162 22324384-5 2012 We concluded that, once metformin fails to maintain glycemic control, addition of DPP-4 inhibitors should be the logical choice: they seems to lower HbA(1c) levels by 0.6-0.9 percentage points and to have a comparable effect on HbA(1c) versus the addition of a sulfonylurea or glitazone. Metformin 24-33 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 82-87 21205107-1 2011 Several new oral antidiabetic agents, known as "gliptins" or "enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitors", have been developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and a key clinical use of the gliptins is in combination with metformin. Metformin 233-242 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 69-92 30764006-2 2012 Incretin-based therapies, and especially dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, offer new opportunities after failure of metformin. Metformin 117-126 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 41-63 22149373-2 2012 Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, by promoting insulin secretion and reducing glucagon secretion in a glucose-dependent manner, offer new opportunities for oral therapy after failure of metformin. Metformin 195-204 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 0-22 22149373-2 2012 Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, by promoting insulin secretion and reducing glucagon secretion in a glucose-dependent manner, offer new opportunities for oral therapy after failure of metformin. Metformin 195-204 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 24-29 22153807-0 2012 Serum level of soluble CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) predicts the response to sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, in patients with type 2 diabetes controlled inadequately by metformin and/or sulfonylurea. Metformin 176-185 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 23-50 22153807-0 2012 Serum level of soluble CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) predicts the response to sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, in patients with type 2 diabetes controlled inadequately by metformin and/or sulfonylurea. Metformin 176-185 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 52-57 22153807-2 2012 We investigated the relationship between the baseline serum level of soluble CD 26/DPP-4 and the response to treatment with sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, over 24 weeks in patients who had type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by metformin and/or sulfonylurea therapy. Metformin 233-242 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 77-82 21756359-8 2011 On top of metformin, patients with thiazolidine (OR 0.50; 95%CI 0.28-0.89) and DPP-4 inhibitor use (OR 0.34; 95%CI 0.16-0.70) had a decreased risk for hypoglycaemia while it was again increased with sulfonylureas (OR 2.08; 95%CI 1.44-2.99). Metformin 10-19 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 79-84 21727749-4 2011 The incritin memetics are potentially safe during Ramadan; the DPP4 inhibitors vildagliptin and sitagliptin provide an effective and safe therapeutic option, administered either alone or in combination with metformin or sulfonylureas. Metformin 207-216 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 63-67 21472661-1 2011 The purpose of this phase 2, multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 12-week dose-ranging study was to assess the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor PF-734200 in adult subjects with type 2 diabetes who were on a stable dose of metformin. Metformin 296-305 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 200-206 21205107-1 2011 Several new oral antidiabetic agents, known as "gliptins" or "enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitors", have been developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and a key clinical use of the gliptins is in combination with metformin. Metformin 233-242 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 94-99 21319871-1 2011 Sitagliptin/metformin is a single-tablet, fixed-dose combination of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin and the biguanide antihyperglycaemic metformin that achieves greater improvements in glycaemic control than either component alone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metformin 12-21 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 72-94 21189532-4 2010 Janumet is a fixed-dose combination of sitagliptin, a specific inhibitor of dipeptidylpeptidase-4 that blocks the rapid degradation of so-called incretin hormones (resulting in a potentiation of insulin secretion and reduction of glucagon secretion in a glucose-dependent manner), and of metformin, a biguanide compound that reduces glucose hepatic production and slightly improves insulin sensitivity. Metformin 288-297 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 76-97 20152998-3 2011 Metformin has been reported to inhibit DPP-4. Metformin 0-9 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 39-44 20152998-10 2011 Mean AUC for plasma DPP-4 activity was lower after Metformin + GLP-1 (1505 +- 2 mumol/[mL min], P < .001) and Metformin (1508 +- 2 mumol/[mL min], P < .002) compared with GLP-1 (1587 +- 3 mumol/[mL min]). Metformin 51-60 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 20-25 20152998-10 2011 Mean AUC for plasma DPP-4 activity was lower after Metformin + GLP-1 (1505 +- 2 mumol/[mL min], P < .001) and Metformin (1508 +- 2 mumol/[mL min], P < .002) compared with GLP-1 (1587 +- 3 mumol/[mL min]). Metformin 113-122 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 20-25 20152998-12 2011 In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, metformin inhibits DPP-4 activity and thus increases active GLP-1 concentrations after subcutaneous injection. Metformin 43-52 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 62-67 18217246-3 2007 When used in combination with metformin, sulfonylureas, or TZDs, GLP-1 analogs such as exenatide and DPP-IV inhibitors such as sitagliptin reduce A1C, fasting glucose levels, and postprandial glucose levels with few additional adverse events. Metformin 30-39 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 101-107 20690781-4 2010 Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are novel oral glucose-lowering agents, which may be used as monotherapy or in combination with other antidiabetic compounds, metformin, thiazolidinediones or even sulfonylureas. Metformin 167-176 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 0-21 20690781-4 2010 Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are novel oral glucose-lowering agents, which may be used as monotherapy or in combination with other antidiabetic compounds, metformin, thiazolidinediones or even sulfonylureas. Metformin 167-176 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 23-28 20876838-10 2010 Based on the glucose-dependent action of incretins, DPP-4 inhibitors demonstrate a low propensity for hypoglycemia, are generally weight neutral, and have a low risk of interactions with other drugs, which makes them appropriate candidates for combination therapy, particularly with other oral antidiabetic drugs including metformin, thiazolidinediones, and sulfonylureas. Metformin 323-332 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 52-57 21537433-1 2010 The addition of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DDP-4) inhibitor has been reported to achieve greater improvements in glucose metabolism with fewer adverse events compared to increasing the metformin dose in type 2 diabetic patients. Metformin 186-195 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 20-42 21537433-1 2010 The addition of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DDP-4) inhibitor has been reported to achieve greater improvements in glucose metabolism with fewer adverse events compared to increasing the metformin dose in type 2 diabetic patients. Metformin 186-195 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 44-49 20402634-2 2010 Saxagliptin is a nitrile-containing selective, potent, reversible and durable DPP IV inhibitor developed as an alternative second-line adds on to Metformin in place of a sulphonylurea. Metformin 146-155 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 78-84 20462426-1 2010 Sitagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP IV, CD26) inhibitor indicated for treatment of Type II diabetes as a second line therapy after metformin. Metformin 140-149 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 17-39 20462426-1 2010 Sitagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP IV, CD26) inhibitor indicated for treatment of Type II diabetes as a second line therapy after metformin. Metformin 140-149 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 41-47 19900194-6 2009 The DPP-4 inhibitors are orally administered and demonstrate modest A1c reductions (0.6%-0.8%); the best results occur when combined with metformin. Metformin 138-147 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 4-9 18333888-9 2008 CONCLUSIONS: Addition of the DPP4 inhibitor PHX1149 to a stable regimen of metformin or metformin plus a glitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes was well tolerated and improved blood glucose control. Metformin 75-84 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 29-33 18333888-9 2008 CONCLUSIONS: Addition of the DPP4 inhibitor PHX1149 to a stable regimen of metformin or metformin plus a glitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes was well tolerated and improved blood glucose control. Metformin 88-97 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 29-33 18054733-10 2007 DPP-4 inhibition is suggested to be a first-line treatment of type-2 diabetes, particularly in its early stages in combination with metformin. Metformin 132-141 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 0-5 21335294-6 2010 These publications described studies of DPP-4 inhibitors administered as monotherapy or in combination with metformin, a thiazolidinedione, glimepiride, glibenclamide, or insulin. Metformin 108-117 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 40-45 20824678-1 2010 BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors improve glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus when used as monotherapy or in combination with other anti-diabetic drugs (metformin, sulphonylurea, or thiazolidinedione). Metformin 189-198 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 12-34 20707611-4 2010 AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW: An extensive literature search was performed to analyze the potential pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) interactions between metformin (first-line drug for the management of type 2 diabetes) and sitagliptin (first commercialized DPP IV inhibitor). Metformin 167-176 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 271-277 21437102-7 2010 Professional organizations have updated their guidelines for T2D to include a DPP-4 inhibitor as an early treatment option-either as initial therapy in combination with metformin, or as add-on therapy for patients whose glycemia is inadequately controlled by a single oral antidiabetic drug. Metformin 169-178 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 78-83 19538242-0 2009 Investigation of the effect of oral metformin on dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) activity in Type 2 diabetes. Metformin 36-45 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 49-70 19538242-0 2009 Investigation of the effect of oral metformin on dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) activity in Type 2 diabetes. Metformin 36-45 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 72-77 19538242-3 2009 We investigated the acute effects of metformin with and without food on DPP-4 activity in Type 2 diabetes. Metformin 37-46 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 72-77 19538242-8 2009 However, DPP-4 activity was suppressed with metformin following fasting compared with a SMM (n = 6) (AUC(0-4 h) 1578 +/- 4 vs. 1494 +/- 9 micromol/min, P < 0.02). Metformin 44-53 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 9-14 19538242-10 2009 CONCLUSION: Metformin inhibits DPP-4 activity in Type 2 diabetic patients in the fasting state but not when taken with a standard mixed meal. Metformin 12-21 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 31-36 18171434-5 2008 Thus we suggest that DPP-4 inhibitors or long-acting GLP-1 mimetics will be used as either first-line therapy or as an early addition to metformin. Metformin 137-146 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 21-26 17655515-7 2007 The DPP-IV inhibitors appear to have excellent therapeutic potential in the management of type 2 diabetes as monotherapy or in combination with existing agents, such as metformin. Metformin 169-178 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 4-10 34540601-11 2021 In the multivariate analysis, independent risk factors for metformin-associated VitB12 deficiency in patients with tbl2DM include high daily dose of metformin >2000 mg, male gender, high BMI, smoking, sulfonylurea, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, H2 blockers/PPI, low fasting blood glucose, and low hemoglobin. Metformin 59-68 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 215-237 17559747-8 2007 Initial clinical trial experience with the new oral DPP-4 inhibitors such as sitagliptin and vildagliptin suggests that these agents are weight-neutral, while providing improved glycaemic control when added to metformin. Metformin 210-219 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 52-57 17559747-10 2007 Initial clinical trial experience with oral DPP-4 inhibitors such as sitagliptin and vildagliptin suggest that these agents may represent an important oral treatment option for weight-neutral, glycaemic control when added to metformin. Metformin 225-234 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 44-49 16242377-5 2006 In recent studies of 3-12 months duration in patients with type 2 diabetes, dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors have proved efficacious, both as monotherapy and when given in combination with metformin. Metformin 191-200 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 76-99 16043735-0 2005 Improved meal-related beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity by the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor vildagliptin in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes over 1 year. Metformin 122-131 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 72-95 16043735-11 2005 CONCLUSIONS: This study presents evidence that DPP-4 inhibition by vildagliptin when added to metformin in type 2 diabetes over 52 weeks improves beta-cell function along with improved postmeal insulin sensitivity. Metformin 94-103 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 47-52 15842525-0 2005 Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity by oral metformin in Type 2 diabetes. Metformin 55-64 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 14-37 15842525-3 2005 We investigated the acute effects of metformin on DPP IV activity in Type 2 diabetes to elucidate inhibition of DPP IV as a possible mechanism of action. Metformin 37-46 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 50-56 15842525-5 2005 RESULTS: Following metformin, DPP IV activity was suppressed compared with placebo (AUC0-6 h 3230+/-373 vs. 5764+/-504 nmol ml/l, respectively, P=0.001). Metformin 19-28 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 30-36 15842525-7 2005 Metformin also concentration-dependently inhibited endogenous DPP IV activity in vitro in plasma from Type 2 diabetic subjects. Metformin 0-9 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 62-68 15842525-8 2005 CONCLUSION: Oral metformin effectively inhibits DPP IV activity in Type 2 diabetic patients, suggesting that the drug may have potential for future combination therapy with incretin hormones. Metformin 17-26 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 48-54 11883961-0 2002 Metformin effects on dipeptidylpeptidase IV degradation of glucagon-like peptide-1. Metformin 0-9 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 21-43 11883961-2 2002 Data indicating that metformin increases the circulating amount of active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in obese nondiabetic subjects have recently been presented, and it was proposed that metformin might act as a DP IV inhibitor. Metformin 21-30 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 216-221 11883961-2 2002 Data indicating that metformin increases the circulating amount of active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in obese nondiabetic subjects have recently been presented, and it was proposed that metformin might act as a DP IV inhibitor. Metformin 191-200 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 216-221 11883961-5 2002 Inhibition of DP IV hydrolysis of the substrate Gly-Pro-pNA by metformin was examined spectrophotometrically. Metformin 63-72 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 14-19 34510471-8 2022 The combination of metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors decreased with the hazard ratio of 0.42(95%CI:0.18-0.99), compared to metformin alone. Metformin 137-146 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 33-55 34287770-9 2021 Both metformin and the sulfonylureas had a significant ROR under condition 2 (3.42 (95% CI 3.01-3.89) and 2.07 (95% CI 1.66-2.57) respectively); however, this association was not present under condition 3 as only confounded cases occurred, and a large majority of reported cases had concurrent exposure to a DPP-4 inhibitor. Metformin 5-14 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 308-313 15562200-0 2004 Twelve- and 52-week efficacy of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor LAF237 in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes. Metformin 80-89 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 36-59 15562200-1 2004 OBJECTIVE: To assess the 12- and 52-week efficacy of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor LAF237 versus placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes continuing metformin treatment. Metformin 157-166 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 57-80 11289473-8 2001 In pooled human plasma, metformin (0.1-0.5 microg/ml) significantly inhibited degradation of GLP-1(7-36)amide after a 30-min incubation at 37 degrees C; similar results were obtained in a buffer solution containing DPP-IV. Metformin 24-33 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 215-221 20213998-22 2009 This change may be attributed to chronicity of diabetes or uncontrolled diabetic status or due to effect of metformin on post-prandial DPP IV levels. Metformin 108-117 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 135-141 34233436-3 2021 Herein, we investigated the expression pattern of urinary exosome-derived microRNA (miRNA) in patients taking a combination of DPP-4 inhibitor and metformin (DPP-4 inhibitor group) and compared them with patients taking a combination of sulfonylurea and metformin (sulfonylurea group). Metformin 147-156 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 158-163 34484112-2 2021 This study assessed the economic outcomes of different DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with T2DM inadequately controlled with metformin in the Chinese context. Metformin 123-132 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 55-60