PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 19524128-9 2009 Overall, they provide a potential mechanism for the circadian regulation of GnRH secretion by GABA, and may also be relevant to the general understanding of circadian rhythms. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 94-98 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 76-80 19357366-2 2009 Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult brain, has long been implicated in playing key roles in the regulation of GnRH neurons. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 0-24 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 157-161 19357366-2 2009 Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult brain, has long been implicated in playing key roles in the regulation of GnRH neurons. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 26-30 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 157-161 19357366-3 2009 Two groups reported recently that GABA depolarizes GnRH neurons, although one group reported a hyperpolarizing action of GABA. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 34-38 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 51-55 19357366-4 2009 In this study, we investigated the GABA-induced changes in [Ca(2+)](i) of GnRH neurons from GnRH-enhanced green fluorescent protein (GnRH-EGFP) rats both to confirm the depolarizing action of GABA and to further examine the developmental and estrous cycle-dependent modulations of GABA action. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 35-39 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 74-78 19357366-4 2009 In this study, we investigated the GABA-induced changes in [Ca(2+)](i) of GnRH neurons from GnRH-enhanced green fluorescent protein (GnRH-EGFP) rats both to confirm the depolarizing action of GABA and to further examine the developmental and estrous cycle-dependent modulations of GABA action. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 35-39 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 92-96 19357366-4 2009 In this study, we investigated the GABA-induced changes in [Ca(2+)](i) of GnRH neurons from GnRH-enhanced green fluorescent protein (GnRH-EGFP) rats both to confirm the depolarizing action of GABA and to further examine the developmental and estrous cycle-dependent modulations of GABA action. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 35-39 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 92-96 19357366-5 2009 GABA increased [Ca(2+)](i) in GnRH neurons at all developmental stages of both sexes. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 0-4 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 30-34 19357366-6 2009 GABA also increased [Ca(2+)](i) in adult female GnRH neurons prepared in the afternoon at each estrous cycle stage. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 0-4 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 48-52 19357366-12 2009 These results indicate that GABA depolarizes GnRH neurons by activating GABA(A) receptors, thereby activating voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels and facilitating Ca(2+) influx. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 28-32 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 45-49 18834560-2 2008 gamma-Amino butyric acid (GABA), one of the major regulators of GnRH neurons, depolarizes GnRH neurons isolated from adult rats via GABA(A) receptors. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 0-24 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 90-94 18834560-2 2008 gamma-Amino butyric acid (GABA), one of the major regulators of GnRH neurons, depolarizes GnRH neurons isolated from adult rats via GABA(A) receptors. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 0-24 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 64-68 18834560-2 2008 gamma-Amino butyric acid (GABA), one of the major regulators of GnRH neurons, depolarizes GnRH neurons isolated from adult rats via GABA(A) receptors. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 26-30 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 64-68 18834560-2 2008 gamma-Amino butyric acid (GABA), one of the major regulators of GnRH neurons, depolarizes GnRH neurons isolated from adult rats via GABA(A) receptors. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 26-30 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 90-94 18834560-12 2008 These findings indicate that GABA affects the excitability of GnRH neurons in adult rats through GABA(A) receptors, and that melatonin modifies this excitability via melatonin receptors in a sex-specific manner. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 29-33 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 62-66 17179652-0 2007 The Effects of GABA on embryonic gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in rat hypothalamic primary culture. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 15-19 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 33-63 18363808-1 2008 Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurones represent the final output neurones in the neuroendocrine control of reproduction, and gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) is one of the major players in the regulation of GnRH neurones. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 135-159 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 216-220 18363808-1 2008 Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurones represent the final output neurones in the neuroendocrine control of reproduction, and gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) is one of the major players in the regulation of GnRH neurones. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 161-165 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 216-220 18363808-9 2008 The GABA(A)R currents in rat GnRH neurones were augmented by neurosteroids, allopregnanolone and 3 alpha,21-dihydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one, at submicromolar concentrations. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 4-8 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 29-33 18603625-4 2008 Furthermore, a biphasic response was observed in that gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) release was also increased, which acts to attenuate the MnCl2 action to stimulate LHRH secretion. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 54-77 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 167-171 18603625-4 2008 Furthermore, a biphasic response was observed in that gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) release was also increased, which acts to attenuate the MnCl2 action to stimulate LHRH secretion. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 79-83 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 167-171 18603625-5 2008 Although it is clear that manganese (Mn+2) can acutely induce LHRH secretion in adult males, we suggest that the additional action of MnCl2 to release GABA, a LHRH inhibitor, may ultimately contribute to suppressed reproductive function observed in adult animals following exposure to high chromic levels of Mn+2. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 151-155 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 159-163 18363808-11 2008 These results indicate that GABA(A)Rs in the soma of rat GnRH neurones are comprised mainly of alpha2, beta 3 and gamma 1 or gamma 2 subunits and that they are sensitive to neurosteroids; moreover, they suggest that activation of these receptors depolarises GnRH neurones. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 28-32 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 57-61 18363808-11 2008 These results indicate that GABA(A)Rs in the soma of rat GnRH neurones are comprised mainly of alpha2, beta 3 and gamma 1 or gamma 2 subunits and that they are sensitive to neurosteroids; moreover, they suggest that activation of these receptors depolarises GnRH neurones. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 28-32 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 258-262 18363808-12 2008 Thus, GABA and neurosteroids influence the electrical activity of GnRH neurones. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 6-10 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 66-70 17179652-3 2007 The present study was performed to elucidate the involvement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), one of the major neurotransmitters modifying GnRH neural activity, in regulation of GnRH gene expression on embryonic day 18.5 (E18.5) using transgenic rats expressing enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) under the control of GnRH promoter. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 64-87 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 180-184 17179652-3 2007 The present study was performed to elucidate the involvement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), one of the major neurotransmitters modifying GnRH neural activity, in regulation of GnRH gene expression on embryonic day 18.5 (E18.5) using transgenic rats expressing enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) under the control of GnRH promoter. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 64-87 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 180-184 17179652-3 2007 The present study was performed to elucidate the involvement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), one of the major neurotransmitters modifying GnRH neural activity, in regulation of GnRH gene expression on embryonic day 18.5 (E18.5) using transgenic rats expressing enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) under the control of GnRH promoter. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 89-93 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 141-145 17179652-3 2007 The present study was performed to elucidate the involvement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), one of the major neurotransmitters modifying GnRH neural activity, in regulation of GnRH gene expression on embryonic day 18.5 (E18.5) using transgenic rats expressing enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) under the control of GnRH promoter. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 89-93 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 180-184 17179652-3 2007 The present study was performed to elucidate the involvement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), one of the major neurotransmitters modifying GnRH neural activity, in regulation of GnRH gene expression on embryonic day 18.5 (E18.5) using transgenic rats expressing enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) under the control of GnRH promoter. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 89-93 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 180-184 17179652-6 2007 Next, primary cultures derived from anterior hypothalamic tissue of E18.5 embryos were prepared, and the effects of GABA and its agonists on GnRH promoter activity were evaluated using EGFP expression as a marker. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 116-120 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 141-145 17179652-7 2007 GABA and the GABA-A receptor agonist muscimol, but not the GABA-B receptor agonist baclofen, significantly increased the EGFP-positive/GnRH-positive cell ratio. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 0-4 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 135-139 17179652-8 2007 These results suggest that GABA plays a role in stimulating GnRH gene expression through GABA-A receptors in embryonic GnRH neurons in late gestational stages. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 27-31 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 60-64 17179652-8 2007 These results suggest that GABA plays a role in stimulating GnRH gene expression through GABA-A receptors in embryonic GnRH neurons in late gestational stages. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 27-31 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 119-123 17179652-3 2007 The present study was performed to elucidate the involvement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), one of the major neurotransmitters modifying GnRH neural activity, in regulation of GnRH gene expression on embryonic day 18.5 (E18.5) using transgenic rats expressing enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) under the control of GnRH promoter. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 64-87 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 141-145 12411736-0 2002 Role of gamma-aminobutyric acid neurons in the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in cultured rat embryonic olfactory placodes. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 8-31 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 58-88 15204768-4 2004 GnRH release is controlled by glutamate (GLU) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 50-73 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 15204768-4 2004 GnRH release is controlled by glutamate (GLU) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 75-79 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 12951633-12 2003 In prepubertal rats the stimulating effect of the adipocyte hormone on GnRH appears to be related to its stimulative action on GABA which at this age increases GnRH release. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 127-131 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 71-75 12951633-12 2003 In prepubertal rats the stimulating effect of the adipocyte hormone on GnRH appears to be related to its stimulative action on GABA which at this age increases GnRH release. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 127-131 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 160-164 15371511-4 2004 Activation of GnRH neurons requires simultaneous suppression of GABA and stimulation of glutamate release, each of which occurs in response to a daily photoperiodic signal, but only in the presence of estradiol (E2). gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 64-68 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 14-18 15371511-9 2004 Thus, we propose a new model for ovulation that includes dual-phenotype GABA/glutamate neurons as central transducers of hormonal and neural signals to GnRH neurons. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 72-76 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 152-156 12411736-3 2002 The immunohistochemical study showed that GnRH neurons received fiber terminals from GABA neurons. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 85-89 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 42-46 12411736-5 2002 Treatment with 20 microM GABA prolonged the interpulse interval and decreased the amplitude of GnRH pulses. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 25-29 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 95-99 12411736-8 2002 In light of the in vivo studies performed previously, we suggest that the GnRH pulse generator, which probably consists of a small population of GnRH neurons in the culture, does not involve GABA neurons to generate the pulsatile GnRH release, although it may be responsive to the inhibitory transmitter GABA. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 304-308 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 74-78 12411736-9 2002 We also found that there may be another population of GnRH neurons in the culture whose activity is strongly suppressed by the tonic inhibition of GABA neurons. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 147-151 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 54-58 11377752-1 2001 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons are mainly located in the anterior preoptic area (aPOA) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is known as a potent regulator of the GnRH neurons. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 131-135 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 175-179 11738807-9 2001 In mice and rats, GABA is found transiently within a subpopulation of GnRH neurons as they migrate through the NC. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 18-22 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 70-74 11377752-1 2001 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons are mainly located in the anterior preoptic area (aPOA) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is known as a potent regulator of the GnRH neurons. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 106-129 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 175-179 11316778-0 2001 A conditional tetracycline-regulated increase in Gamma amino butyric acid production near luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone nerve terminals disrupts estrous cyclicity in the rat. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 49-73 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 90-127 10855688-4 2000 We investigated whether differences in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic transmission, which inhibits GnRH release, accounts for the sex difference in the response of serum LH to gonadectomy. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 39-62 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 105-109 10855688-4 2000 We investigated whether differences in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic transmission, which inhibits GnRH release, accounts for the sex difference in the response of serum LH to gonadectomy. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 64-68 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 105-109 10521559-13 1999 This can be attributed to the inhibitory effect exerted by GABA (acting on both GABA-A and GABA-B receptor subtypes) on GnRH release. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 59-63 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 120-124 10521559-13 1999 This can be attributed to the inhibitory effect exerted by GABA (acting on both GABA-A and GABA-B receptor subtypes) on GnRH release. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 80-84 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 120-124 9990091-9 1999 Because GABA inhibits both nitroprusside (NP-induced PGE2 and LHRH release by blocking the activation of cyclooxygenase by NO, this is another mechanism by which beta-endorphin inhibits NP-induced PGE2 and LHRH release. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 8-12 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 62-66 10447799-3 1999 However, it is known that increased GABA concentrations in the hypothalamus reduce GnRH biosynthesis and release. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 36-40 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 83-87 10447799-14 1999 We suggest, that enhanced expression of GABA-synthesizing enzymes reflects increased GABAergic neurotransmission and thereby reducing GnRH release from the MBH. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 40-44 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 134-138 9990091-9 1999 Because GABA inhibits both nitroprusside (NP-induced PGE2 and LHRH release by blocking the activation of cyclooxygenase by NO, this is another mechanism by which beta-endorphin inhibits NP-induced PGE2 and LHRH release. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 8-12 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 206-210 9394493-10 1996 GABA also blocks the response of the LHRH neurons to NO and recent experiments indicate that granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF) blocks the response of the LHRH neuron to NP by activation of GABA neurons since the blockade can be reversed by the competitive inhibitor of GABAa receptors, bicuculine. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 0-4 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 37-41 10077361-1 1999 GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) has a well-known inhibitory effect on the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) secretion. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 0-4 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 73-110 10077361-1 1999 GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) has a well-known inhibitory effect on the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) secretion. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 0-4 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 112-116 10077361-1 1999 GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) has a well-known inhibitory effect on the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) secretion. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 6-29 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 73-110 10077361-1 1999 GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) has a well-known inhibitory effect on the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) secretion. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 6-29 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 112-116 10077361-2 1999 In order to evaluate the contribution of the catecholaminergic neurotransmitters on the inhibitory effect produced by GABA on the LHRH release, we measured in adult male rats the in vitro hypothalamic output of LHRH, epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA); after the administration of, either muscimol 1 microM (GABA-A agonist), and/or 1 microM bicuculline (GABA-A antagonist). gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 118-122 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 130-134 11390794-1 1998 Two distinct subgroups of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons are involved in the control of luteinizing hormone secretion, at least in rats: one subgroup located in the mediobasal hypothalamus constitutes the GnRH pulse generator associated with opioid neurons, and the other located in the preoptic area constitutes the GnRH surge generator associated with gamma-aminobutyric acid neurons. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 369-392 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 26-56 11390794-1 1998 Two distinct subgroups of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons are involved in the control of luteinizing hormone secretion, at least in rats: one subgroup located in the mediobasal hypothalamus constitutes the GnRH pulse generator associated with opioid neurons, and the other located in the preoptic area constitutes the GnRH surge generator associated with gamma-aminobutyric acid neurons. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 369-392 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 58-62 11390794-1 1998 Two distinct subgroups of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons are involved in the control of luteinizing hormone secretion, at least in rats: one subgroup located in the mediobasal hypothalamus constitutes the GnRH pulse generator associated with opioid neurons, and the other located in the preoptic area constitutes the GnRH surge generator associated with gamma-aminobutyric acid neurons. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 369-392 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 220-224 11390794-1 1998 Two distinct subgroups of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons are involved in the control of luteinizing hormone secretion, at least in rats: one subgroup located in the mediobasal hypothalamus constitutes the GnRH pulse generator associated with opioid neurons, and the other located in the preoptic area constitutes the GnRH surge generator associated with gamma-aminobutyric acid neurons. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 369-392 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 220-224 9733938-1 1998 Amino acid neurotransmitters like gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate (GLU) are involved in the regulation of hypothalamic gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) release. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 34-57 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 132-162 9733938-1 1998 Amino acid neurotransmitters like gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate (GLU) are involved in the regulation of hypothalamic gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) release. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 34-57 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 164-168 9733938-1 1998 Amino acid neurotransmitters like gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate (GLU) are involved in the regulation of hypothalamic gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) release. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 59-63 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 132-162 9733938-1 1998 Amino acid neurotransmitters like gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate (GLU) are involved in the regulation of hypothalamic gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) release. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 59-63 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 164-168 9507141-1 1998 Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), the dominant inhibitory neurotransmitter in brain, is involved in the developmental regulation of LHRH secretion. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 0-23 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 130-134 9507141-1 1998 Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), the dominant inhibitory neurotransmitter in brain, is involved in the developmental regulation of LHRH secretion. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 25-29 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 130-134 9507141-2 1998 Morphological studies in rodents have demonstrated that LHRH neurons are innervated by GABA-containing processes, suggesting that LHRH secretion is under direct transsynaptic GABAergic control. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 87-91 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 56-60 9507141-2 1998 Morphological studies in rodents have demonstrated that LHRH neurons are innervated by GABA-containing processes, suggesting that LHRH secretion is under direct transsynaptic GABAergic control. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 87-91 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 130-134 9197276-3 1997 Responses of the identified neurons to the microiontophoresis of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) or D-Phe2, D-Ala6-GnRH, a behaviorally active analog, but not to glutamate or gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), depended on estrogen. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 206-210 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 65-95 9439932-0 1997 Involvement of gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) in the postnatal function of the GnRH pulse generator as determined on the basis of GnRH and GnRH-receptor gene expression in the hypothalamus and the pituitary. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 15-39 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 80-84 9439932-0 1997 Involvement of gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) in the postnatal function of the GnRH pulse generator as determined on the basis of GnRH and GnRH-receptor gene expression in the hypothalamus and the pituitary. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 15-39 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 131-135 9439932-0 1997 Involvement of gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) in the postnatal function of the GnRH pulse generator as determined on the basis of GnRH and GnRH-receptor gene expression in the hypothalamus and the pituitary. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 41-45 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 80-84 9439932-0 1997 Involvement of gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) in the postnatal function of the GnRH pulse generator as determined on the basis of GnRH and GnRH-receptor gene expression in the hypothalamus and the pituitary. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 41-45 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 131-135 10077361-5 1999 In conclusion, our results show that, in the adult male rats, GABA has an inhibitory effect on the in vitro release of LHRH, acting on the GABA-A receptor. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 62-66 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 119-123 9394493-10 1996 GABA also blocks the response of the LHRH neurons to NO and recent experiments indicate that granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF) blocks the response of the LHRH neuron to NP by activation of GABA neurons since the blockade can be reversed by the competitive inhibitor of GABAa receptors, bicuculine. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 0-4 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 177-181 9394493-10 1996 GABA also blocks the response of the LHRH neurons to NO and recent experiments indicate that granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF) blocks the response of the LHRH neuron to NP by activation of GABA neurons since the blockade can be reversed by the competitive inhibitor of GABAa receptors, bicuculine. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 212-216 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 177-181 7724578-13 1995 This inhibition in LHRH release induced by GABA was blocked by NMMA (300 microM), which indicates that GABA converts the stimulatory effect of NO on LHRH release into an inhibitory one, presumably via GABA receptors, which activate chloride channels that hyperpolarize the cell. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 103-107 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 149-153 7617125-1 1995 Although gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is known to play an important role in the regulation of GnRH release from the hypothalamus, GABAergic action on hypothalamic GnRH gene expression is poorly understood. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 9-32 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 96-100 7617125-1 1995 Although gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is known to play an important role in the regulation of GnRH release from the hypothalamus, GABAergic action on hypothalamic GnRH gene expression is poorly understood. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 34-38 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 96-100 9266545-0 1996 Bacterial endotoxin inhibits LHRH secretion following the increased release of hypothalamic GABA levels. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 92-96 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 29-33 9266545-5 1996 Then, knowing that gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) mediates other neurotransmitter effects in the central nervous system, the possibility arises that this amino acid might mediate the effect of LPS on LHRH release by modifying amino acid neurotransmitter release at the hypothalamic level. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 19-42 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 200-204 9266545-5 1996 Then, knowing that gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) mediates other neurotransmitter effects in the central nervous system, the possibility arises that this amino acid might mediate the effect of LPS on LHRH release by modifying amino acid neurotransmitter release at the hypothalamic level. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 44-48 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 200-204 9266545-16 1996 The GABA antagonists blocked and reversed the LPS effect on LHRH secretion. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 4-8 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 60-64 9266545-21 1996 These observations indicate that there is an increase in GABA release that becomes significant at the same time when LHRH release is decreased. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 57-61 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 117-121 7544879-1 1995 gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) exerts an inhibitory action on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release from the hypothalamus. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 0-23 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 62-92 7544879-1 1995 gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) exerts an inhibitory action on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release from the hypothalamus. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 0-23 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 94-98 7544879-1 1995 gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) exerts an inhibitory action on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release from the hypothalamus. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 25-29 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 62-92 7544879-1 1995 gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) exerts an inhibitory action on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release from the hypothalamus. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 25-29 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 94-98 7544879-4 1995 Using competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) we now addressed the question, whether an acute inhibition of the GnRH pulse generator in ovx rats by GABA involves reduction of GnRH biosynthesis as determined by GnRH mRNA levels in micropunches of the POA. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 177-181 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 141-145 7724578-12 1995 GABA (10(-5) or 10(-6) M) induced a 70% decrease in the release of LHRH, indicating that in the male rat GABA inhibits the release of this hypothalamic peptide. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 0-4 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 67-71 7724578-12 1995 GABA (10(-5) or 10(-6) M) induced a 70% decrease in the release of LHRH, indicating that in the male rat GABA inhibits the release of this hypothalamic peptide. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 105-109 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 67-71 7724578-13 1995 This inhibition in LHRH release induced by GABA was blocked by NMMA (300 microM), which indicates that GABA converts the stimulatory effect of NO on LHRH release into an inhibitory one, presumably via GABA receptors, which activate chloride channels that hyperpolarize the cell. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 43-47 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 19-23 7724578-13 1995 This inhibition in LHRH release induced by GABA was blocked by NMMA (300 microM), which indicates that GABA converts the stimulatory effect of NO on LHRH release into an inhibitory one, presumably via GABA receptors, which activate chloride channels that hyperpolarize the cell. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 43-47 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 149-153 7724578-13 1995 This inhibition in LHRH release induced by GABA was blocked by NMMA (300 microM), which indicates that GABA converts the stimulatory effect of NO on LHRH release into an inhibitory one, presumably via GABA receptors, which activate chloride channels that hyperpolarize the cell. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 103-107 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 19-23 7724578-15 1995 The current results indicate that the NO released also induces release of GABA, which then inhibits further LHRH release. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 74-78 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 108-112 7724578-16 1995 Thus, in vivo the norepinephrinergic-driven pulses of LHRH release may be terminated by GABA released from GABAergic neurons via NO. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 88-92 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 54-58 1661682-1 1991 Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is thought to play an important role in the regulation of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) release but its role in the regulation of LHRH gene expression and LHRH synthesis is not known. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 0-23 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 89-126 8396216-1 1993 The role of GABA neurons in the control of pulsatile release of LHRH was investigated by checking the effect of the GABAA receptor agonist, muscimol, and antagonist, bicuculline, on the electrical activity of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) pulse generator in the ovariectomized rat fitted with chronically implanted electrode arrays in the medial basal hypothalamus. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 12-16 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 64-68 8396216-11 1993 The results show that, although exogenous GABAA receptor agonist is capable of inhibiting the activity of LHRH pulse generator, the reduction in the endogenous GABAA receptor activity does not cause a significant effect, suggesting a minor role of inhibitory GABA neurons in the control of pulsatile release of LHRH. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 42-46 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 106-110 8012820-1 1994 We have already demonstrated that, although exogenous gamma-aminobutyric acidA (GABAA) receptor agonist is capable of inhibiting the activity of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) pulse generator, the reduction in the endogenous GABAA receptor activity does not have a significant effect in ovariectomized rats, suggesting a minor role of inhibitory GABA neurons in the control of pulsatile release of LHRH. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 80-84 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 145-182 8012820-1 1994 We have already demonstrated that, although exogenous gamma-aminobutyric acidA (GABAA) receptor agonist is capable of inhibiting the activity of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) pulse generator, the reduction in the endogenous GABAA receptor activity does not have a significant effect in ovariectomized rats, suggesting a minor role of inhibitory GABA neurons in the control of pulsatile release of LHRH. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 80-84 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 184-188 8012820-1 1994 We have already demonstrated that, although exogenous gamma-aminobutyric acidA (GABAA) receptor agonist is capable of inhibiting the activity of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) pulse generator, the reduction in the endogenous GABAA receptor activity does not have a significant effect in ovariectomized rats, suggesting a minor role of inhibitory GABA neurons in the control of pulsatile release of LHRH. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 80-84 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 412-416 8264847-1 1993 The role of GABA in the control of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion is still controversial. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 12-16 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 35-65 8264847-1 1993 The role of GABA in the control of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion is still controversial. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 12-16 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 67-71 1352101-0 1992 Acute and short-term effects of intraventricular injection of somatostatin and LHRH on glutamate and GABA levels in rat brain. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 101-105 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 79-83 1352101-5 1992 LHRH at a dose of 0.1 microgram significantly increased cerebral cortex and cerebellar GABA levels at 10 min and brain stem GABA levels at 10 and 30 min following injection. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 87-91 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 1352101-5 1992 LHRH at a dose of 0.1 microgram significantly increased cerebral cortex and cerebellar GABA levels at 10 min and brain stem GABA levels at 10 and 30 min following injection. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 124-128 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 1352101-6 1992 Intraventricular injection of LHRH at a dose of 0.5 microgram significantly elevated cerebral cortex, cerebellar and brain stem GABA levels at 30 min. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 128-132 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 30-34 1352101-7 1992 Hypothalamic GABA levels were elevated at 10 and 30 min following 0.5 and 1 microgram intraventricular LHRH injection. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 13-17 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 103-107 1425026-2 1992 The interaction is amongst noradrenaline and other neurotransmitters such as GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), opiates, serotonin and excitatory amino acids (N-methyl-D-aspartate, NMDA) on LHRH neuronal activity are complex. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 83-106 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 187-191 1425026-3 1992 GABA and opiates suppress the presynaptic release of noradrenaline but only GABA also directly affects the responsiveness of LHRH neurons to noradrenaline. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 0-4 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 125-129 1425026-3 1992 GABA and opiates suppress the presynaptic release of noradrenaline but only GABA also directly affects the responsiveness of LHRH neurons to noradrenaline. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 76-80 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 125-129 2041587-0 1991 Gamma-aminobutyric acid neurons in the preoptic/anterior hypothalamic area synchronize the phasic activity of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator in ovariectomized rats. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 0-23 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 114-144 2041587-2 1991 The activity of GnRH neurons appears to be under an inhibitory influence of the amino acid neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 108-131 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 16-20 2041587-2 1991 The activity of GnRH neurons appears to be under an inhibitory influence of the amino acid neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 133-137 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 16-20 2041587-5 1991 To further study the role of GABA in controlling the GnRH pulse generator we applied GABA, 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) or bicuculline (BIC) locally into the PO/AH by means of push-pull cannulae (PPC). gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 29-33 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 53-57 2041587-13 1991 Based on these data we propose that oscillating GABA levels in the PO/AH may be the synchronizing signal which triggers bolus release of GnRH into the portal vessels. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 48-52 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 137-141 1661682-1 1991 Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is thought to play an important role in the regulation of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) release but its role in the regulation of LHRH gene expression and LHRH synthesis is not known. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 0-23 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 128-132 1661682-1 1991 Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is thought to play an important role in the regulation of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) release but its role in the regulation of LHRH gene expression and LHRH synthesis is not known. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 0-23 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 176-180 1661682-1 1991 Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is thought to play an important role in the regulation of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) release but its role in the regulation of LHRH gene expression and LHRH synthesis is not known. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 0-23 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 176-180 1661682-1 1991 Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is thought to play an important role in the regulation of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) release but its role in the regulation of LHRH gene expression and LHRH synthesis is not known. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 25-29 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 89-126 1661682-1 1991 Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is thought to play an important role in the regulation of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) release but its role in the regulation of LHRH gene expression and LHRH synthesis is not known. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 25-29 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 128-132 1661682-1 1991 Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is thought to play an important role in the regulation of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) release but its role in the regulation of LHRH gene expression and LHRH synthesis is not known. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 25-29 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 176-180 1661682-1 1991 Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is thought to play an important role in the regulation of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) release but its role in the regulation of LHRH gene expression and LHRH synthesis is not known. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 25-29 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 176-180 1661682-2 1991 We hypothesized that since GABA appears to have primarily inhibitory effects on LHRH cells (at the level of the cell body), GABA may act to decrease LHRH gene expression and peptide synthesis. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 27-31 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 80-84 1661682-2 1991 We hypothesized that since GABA appears to have primarily inhibitory effects on LHRH cells (at the level of the cell body), GABA may act to decrease LHRH gene expression and peptide synthesis. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 124-128 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 149-153 6139290-6 1983 The results suggest that dopamine and GABA influence GnRH secretion via axosomatic contacts in the septo-preoptic-diagonal band complex, as well as via axo-axonic interactions in the median eminence, while no such interactions seem to exist in the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 38-42 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 53-57 3061570-6 1988 The GABA-induced stimulation of GnRH release was also prevented when the hypothalamic slices were treated with a corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) antagonist (alpha-helical CRF9-41, 10(-6) M) or the opioid antagonist naloxone (10(-6) M). gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 4-8 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 32-36 3061570-9 1988 These results lead us to conclude that GABA exerts two opposing effects upon GnRH neuronal activity: it acts in an inhibitory fashion at GnRH nerve terminals and in a stimulatory fashion at GnRH perikarya; the latter might occur through GABAergic inhibition of CRH release and, therefore, of opioid peptide release. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 39-43 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 77-81 3061570-9 1988 These results lead us to conclude that GABA exerts two opposing effects upon GnRH neuronal activity: it acts in an inhibitory fashion at GnRH nerve terminals and in a stimulatory fashion at GnRH perikarya; the latter might occur through GABAergic inhibition of CRH release and, therefore, of opioid peptide release. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 39-43 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 137-141 3061570-9 1988 These results lead us to conclude that GABA exerts two opposing effects upon GnRH neuronal activity: it acts in an inhibitory fashion at GnRH nerve terminals and in a stimulatory fashion at GnRH perikarya; the latter might occur through GABAergic inhibition of CRH release and, therefore, of opioid peptide release. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 39-43 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 137-141 3061570-10 1988 Lastly, all the effects of GABA upon GnRH release appear to be mediated through GABAA receptors. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 27-31 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 37-41 3201990-6 1988 It is concluded that LHRH neurons retain their ability to respond to NA when hypothalamic GABA levels are increased. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 90-94 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 21-25 3061570-0 1988 Pre- and postsynaptic actions of GABA on the release of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 33-37 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 101-105 3061570-1 1988 The role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the regulation of gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone (GnRH) release was studied using rat hypothalamic slices in vitro. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 12-35 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 64-102 3061570-1 1988 The role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the regulation of gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone (GnRH) release was studied using rat hypothalamic slices in vitro. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 12-35 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 104-108 3061570-1 1988 The role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the regulation of gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone (GnRH) release was studied using rat hypothalamic slices in vitro. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 37-41 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 64-102 3061570-1 1988 The role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the regulation of gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone (GnRH) release was studied using rat hypothalamic slices in vitro. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 37-41 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 104-108 3061570-2 1988 Perifusion with GABA (10(-8)-10(-4) M) caused a dose-dependent increase in GnRH release. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 16-20 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 75-79 3061570-4 1988 The specific GABAA antagonist SR95103 (10(-6) M) caused a reduction of basal GnRH release and completely blocked that induced by GABA (10(-4) M). gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 13-17 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 77-81 6139290-7 1983 Since dopaminergic cell bodies in the ventral hypothalamus are closely apposed by GnRH and GAD containing fibers, the existence of feedback circuits among GnRH, dopamine and GABA systems is proposed. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 174-178 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 82-86 6139290-7 1983 Since dopaminergic cell bodies in the ventral hypothalamus are closely apposed by GnRH and GAD containing fibers, the existence of feedback circuits among GnRH, dopamine and GABA systems is proposed. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 174-178 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 155-159 32921318-9 2020 Of note, the GnRH inhibitory regulator GABA and stimulatory regulator glutamate were also restored to the normal level by troxerutin. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 39-43 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 13-17 29642911-8 2018 RESULTS: We demonstrate that GnRH and LH inhibitory neurotransmitters - serotonin, dopamine, GABA and acetylcholine - are reduced while glutamate, a major stimulator of GnRH and LH release, is increased in the PCOS condition. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 93-97 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 29-33