PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 8731228-11 1996 This localization of GAT-1 and GAT-3 indicates that they are involved in the uptake of GABA from the extracellular space into GABAergic axon terminals and astrocytes. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 87-91 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 31-36 35320456-6 2022 Hyperammonemia reduces membrane expression of the GABA transporters GAT1 and GAT3, which is associated with increased extracellular GABA concentration. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 132-136 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 77-81 24368619-6 2015 These studies provide a basis for understanding the role GAT-1 and GAT-3 play in the modulation of GABA-mediated phasic and tonic inhibition in cerebral cortex. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 99-103 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 67-72 8738166-8 1996 These results suggested that GABAergic transmission at synapses is terminated by three GABA uptake systems, (1) only neuronal uptake through GAT1, (2) only glial uptake through GAT3, and (3) both neuronal and glial uptake through GAT1 and GAT3 respectively, and also that the GABA uptake system is different in each type of GABAergic neuron. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 29-33 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 177-181 8738166-8 1996 These results suggested that GABAergic transmission at synapses is terminated by three GABA uptake systems, (1) only neuronal uptake through GAT1, (2) only glial uptake through GAT3, and (3) both neuronal and glial uptake through GAT1 and GAT3 respectively, and also that the GABA uptake system is different in each type of GABAergic neuron. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 29-33 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 239-243 8738166-8 1996 These results suggested that GABAergic transmission at synapses is terminated by three GABA uptake systems, (1) only neuronal uptake through GAT1, (2) only glial uptake through GAT3, and (3) both neuronal and glial uptake through GAT1 and GAT3 respectively, and also that the GABA uptake system is different in each type of GABAergic neuron. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 87-91 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 177-181 8738166-8 1996 These results suggested that GABAergic transmission at synapses is terminated by three GABA uptake systems, (1) only neuronal uptake through GAT1, (2) only glial uptake through GAT3, and (3) both neuronal and glial uptake through GAT1 and GAT3 respectively, and also that the GABA uptake system is different in each type of GABAergic neuron. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 87-91 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 239-243 8581400-1 1995 Molecular cloning has revealed the existence of four distinct transporters for the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), termed GAT-1, GAT-2, GAT-3, and BGT-1. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 111-134 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 164-169 8581400-1 1995 Molecular cloning has revealed the existence of four distinct transporters for the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), termed GAT-1, GAT-2, GAT-3, and BGT-1. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 136-140 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 164-169 31923563-7 2020 Decreased expression of the GABA transporter SLC6A11 could increase GABA transmission and has been associated with a switch from sweet drinking to ethanol consumption in rats. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 28-32 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 45-52 31923563-7 2020 Decreased expression of the GABA transporter SLC6A11 could increase GABA transmission and has been associated with a switch from sweet drinking to ethanol consumption in rats. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 68-72 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 45-52 23381899-5 2013 Furthermore, a significant contribution of GAT-3 in regulating e[GABA] was revealed by administration of the GAT-3 inhibitor SNAP-5114 during simultaneous blockade of GAT-1 by NNC-711. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 65-69 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 43-48 31144434-2 2019 In addition, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter type 1 and type 3 (GAT-1 and GAT-3) modulate the levels of extracellular GABA in involvement in the neuroinflammation on epileptogenesis. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 38-42 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 85-90 29288802-8 2018 This is associated with increased glutaminase expression and extracellular glutamate, increased amount of the GABA transporter GAT-3 in activated astrocytes, increased extracellular GABA in cerebellum and motor in-coordination. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 110-114 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 127-132 29288802-10 2018 This is associated with reduced nuclear NF-kappaB, glutaminase expression and extracellular glutamate, reduced amount of the GABA transporter GAT-3 in activated astrocytes and reduced extracellular GABA in cerebellum and restoration of motor coordination. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 125-129 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 142-147 25700791-2 2015 We have previously described that GAT-3 is responsible for GABA uptake activity in cultured avian Muller cells and that it operates in a Na(+) and Cl(-) dependent manner. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 59-63 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 34-39 25700791-6 2015 Biotinylation experiments demonstrate that this reduction in GABA uptake correlates with a decrease in GAT-3 plasma membrane levels. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 61-65 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 103-108 25700791-12 2015 Our data suggest that in purified cultures and upon extensive neuronal lesion in vivo, shown as a Brn3a reduced neuronal cells and an GFAP increased gliosis, Muller glia may change its capacity to take up GABA due to GAT-3 up regulation and suggests a regulatory interplay mediated by glutamate between neurons and glial cells in this process. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 205-209 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 217-222 25708016-3 2015 Also, we examined the role played by PICs in regulating expression of GABA transporter type 1 and 3 (GAT-1 and GAT-3, respectively), which are the two important subtypes of GATs responsible for the regulation of extracellular GABA levels in the brain. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 70-74 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 111-116 26584300-2 2015 Moreover, GABA transporter type 1 and 3 (GAT-1 and GAT-3) modulating extracellular GABA levels are engaged in the role played by PICs in epileptogenesis. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 10-14 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 51-56 24733747-6 2014 ATP (100 muM, for 1 min) caused an inhibition of GABA transport through either GAT-1 or GAT-3 transporters, decreasing the Vmax kinetic constant. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 49-53 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 88-93 24891283-2 2014 To analyze the effects of highly selective blocker GAT1, NO-711, and substrate inhibitor GAT3, beta-alanine, on the initial velocity of [(3)H]GABA uptake by cortical, hippocampal, and thalamic nerve terminals (synaptosomes) after perinatal hypoxia. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 142-146 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 89-93 23381899-5 2013 Furthermore, a significant contribution of GAT-3 in regulating e[GABA] was revealed by administration of the GAT-3 inhibitor SNAP-5114 during simultaneous blockade of GAT-1 by NNC-711. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 65-69 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 109-114 23381899-6 2013 Thus, the GABA transporting activity of GAT-3 (the expression of which is confined to astrocytes) is apparent under conditions in which GAT-1 is blocked. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 10-14 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 40-45 23381899-7 2013 However, sustained neuronal activation by K(+)-induced depolarization caused a profound spillover of GABA into the extrasynaptic space and this increase in e[GABA] was significantly potentiated by sole blockade of GAT-3 (i.e. even when uptake of GAT-1 is intact). gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 101-105 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 214-219 23381899-7 2013 However, sustained neuronal activation by K(+)-induced depolarization caused a profound spillover of GABA into the extrasynaptic space and this increase in e[GABA] was significantly potentiated by sole blockade of GAT-3 (i.e. even when uptake of GAT-1 is intact). gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 158-162 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 214-219 23381899-8 2013 Furthermore, experiments using tetrodotoxin to block action potentials revealed that GAT-3 regulates extrasynaptic GABA levels from action potential-independent sources when GAT-1 is blocked. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 115-119 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 85-90 23381899-9 2013 Importantly, changes in e[GABA] resulting from both GAT-1 and GAT-3 inhibition directly precipitate changes in tonic conductances in dentate granule cells as measured by whole-cell patch-clamp recording. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 26-30 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 62-67 23381899-10 2013 Thus, astrocytic GAT-3 contributes to the regulation of e[GABA] in the hippocampus in vivo and may play an important role in controlling the excitability of hippocampal cells when network activity is increased. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 58-62 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 17-22 22616751-7 2012 These results suggest that synaptically released GABA can inhibit glutamatergic transmission through the activation of presynaptic GABA(B) heteroreceptors following GAT-1 or GAT-3 blockade. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 49-53 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 174-179 22616751-7 2012 These results suggest that synaptically released GABA can inhibit glutamatergic transmission through the activation of presynaptic GABA(B) heteroreceptors following GAT-1 or GAT-3 blockade. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 131-135 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 174-179 22158513-4 2011 Mechanistic evaluations in brain slices showed that decreases in astrocyte resting Ca(2+) concentrations mediated by TRPA1 channels decreased interneuron inhibitory synapse efficacy by reducing GABA transport by GAT-3, thus elevating extracellular GABA. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 194-198 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 212-217 21410779-10 2011 In conclusion, these data indicate that GAT-1 and GAT-3 represent different target sites through which GABA reuptake may subserve complementary regulation of GABAergic transmission in the rat GP. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 103-107 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 50-55 17408599-13 2007 The increased expression of EAAC-1 and the decreased expression of GTRAP3-18 in association with the up-regulation of GAT-3 due to such continual LEV administration was thus found to enhance GABA synthesis and reverse the transport of GABA both in non-epileptic and epileptic rats. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 191-195 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 118-123 17408599-13 2007 The increased expression of EAAC-1 and the decreased expression of GTRAP3-18 in association with the up-regulation of GAT-3 due to such continual LEV administration was thus found to enhance GABA synthesis and reverse the transport of GABA both in non-epileptic and epileptic rats. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 235-239 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 118-123 16466645-6 2006 Na(+)-dependent GABA transport was competitively inhibited by various GABA transport inhibitors, especially GAT2- or GAT3-selective inhibitor. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 16-20 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 117-121 16870837-10 2006 When these experiments were repeated in hippocampal slices, similar results were obtained except that a GAT1- and GAT3-independent nonvesicular source(s) of GABA was found to contribute to the tonic current. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 157-161 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 114-118 16466645-6 2006 Na(+)-dependent GABA transport was competitively inhibited by various GABA transport inhibitors, especially GAT2- or GAT3-selective inhibitor. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 70-74 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 117-121 16466645-7 2006 In addition, Zn(2+), which has been reported to be a potent inhibitor of GAT3, was found to have a significantly but partially inhibitory effect on the Na(+)-dependent GABA transport in a concentration-dependent manner. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 168-172 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 73-77 12941455-4 2003 GABA is removed from synaptic regions by the action of the transporters proteins GABA transporter-1 (GAT-1) and GABA transporter-3 (GAT-3). gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 0-4 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 112-130 16135550-7 2005 The increase in inhibitory interneuron excitability resulting from application of SNAP-5114 suggests that inhibition of GAT-3 transporter function results in a reduction in ambient GABA levels, possibly by a reduction in carrier-mediated GABA release via the GAT-3 transporter. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 181-185 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 120-125 16135550-7 2005 The increase in inhibitory interneuron excitability resulting from application of SNAP-5114 suggests that inhibition of GAT-3 transporter function results in a reduction in ambient GABA levels, possibly by a reduction in carrier-mediated GABA release via the GAT-3 transporter. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 238-242 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 120-125 15488295-2 2004 GABA is taken up and accumulated in synaptic vesicles by the action of vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) before its release into the synaptic cleft, and removed from synaptic regions by the action of transporter proteins GABA transporter-1 (GAT-1) and GABA transporter-3 (GAT-3). gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 0-4 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 252-270 15488295-2 2004 GABA is taken up and accumulated in synaptic vesicles by the action of vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) before its release into the synaptic cleft, and removed from synaptic regions by the action of transporter proteins GABA transporter-1 (GAT-1) and GABA transporter-3 (GAT-3). gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 0-4 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 272-277 12941455-4 2003 GABA is removed from synaptic regions by the action of the transporters proteins GABA transporter-1 (GAT-1) and GABA transporter-3 (GAT-3). gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 0-4 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 132-137 10958523-4 2000 Transporter proteins GABA transporter-1 (GAT-1) and GABA transporter-3 (GAT-3) remove GABA from synaptic regions. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 21-25 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 72-77 12694940-5 2003 The present evidence indicates that early in development GAT-3 is abundantly expressed in the cerebral cortex, where its expression appears to correlate with developmental variations in GABA levels, and suggests that it accounts for the largest fraction of GABA transport observed in the neonatal cerebral cortex. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 186-190 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 57-62 12694940-5 2003 The present evidence indicates that early in development GAT-3 is abundantly expressed in the cerebral cortex, where its expression appears to correlate with developmental variations in GABA levels, and suggests that it accounts for the largest fraction of GABA transport observed in the neonatal cerebral cortex. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 257-261 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 57-62 12196583-9 2002 Immunohistochemical staining for GABA transporters (GAT-1 and GAT-3) revealed a low level of expression in heterotopic cell regions, suggesting a reduced ability for GABA reuptake at these synapses. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 33-37 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 62-67 8815906-9 1996 These findings on the localization of GAT-3 in the cerebral cortex indicate that this transporter mediates GABA uptake into glial cells, and suggest that glial GABA uptake may function to limit the spread of GABA from the synapse, as well as to regulate overall GABA levels in the neuropil. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 107-111 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 38-43 9479049-11 1998 A substantial increase of GAT-1 and GAT-3 in astrocytes following optic nerve transection suggests that these cells play a role in modulating GABA"s action in the deafferented SC. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 142-146 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 36-41 9562184-1 1998 Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporters (GAT-1, GAT-2, and GAT-3) play a key role in the termination of GABA transmission and the regulation of extracellular GABA concentrations. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 25-29 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 63-68 9562184-1 1998 Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporters (GAT-1, GAT-2, and GAT-3) play a key role in the termination of GABA transmission and the regulation of extracellular GABA concentrations. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 108-112 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 63-68 9562184-4 1998 This decrease probably occurred via inhibition of GAT-2 or GAT-3 activity since their inhibitor, beta-alanine, induced a decrease in [3H]-GABA uptake in punches of sham-operated rats (-28%), but not in punches of 5,7-DHT-treated rats, demonstrating that serotonin terminal degeneration had already impaired the beta-alanine-sensitive component of GABA uptake. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 138-142 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 59-64 9562184-4 1998 This decrease probably occurred via inhibition of GAT-2 or GAT-3 activity since their inhibitor, beta-alanine, induced a decrease in [3H]-GABA uptake in punches of sham-operated rats (-28%), but not in punches of 5,7-DHT-treated rats, demonstrating that serotonin terminal degeneration had already impaired the beta-alanine-sensitive component of GABA uptake. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 347-351 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 59-64 9387860-10 1997 These results suggest that the GABA-uptake system is present in the taste buds and the GABAergic neurotransmission involved in the sensation of taste is terminated by the uptake of GABA into certain taste cells via GAT3. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 31-35 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 215-219 9387860-10 1997 These results suggest that the GABA-uptake system is present in the taste buds and the GABAergic neurotransmission involved in the sensation of taste is terminated by the uptake of GABA into certain taste cells via GAT3. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 87-91 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 215-219 9149101-9 1997 These findings suggest that the expression patterns of GABA transporters differ with the type of cells in the rat olfactory bulb where GAT1 and GAT3 may play an imporatant role in GABA-mediated transmission, such as lateral inhibition. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 55-59 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 144-148 9003070-6 1997 The effects of CACA on GABA and beta-alanine release provide indirect evidence for a GABA transporter in cerebellum, cerebral cortex, retina, and spinal cord that transports GABA, beta-alanine, CACA, and nipecotic acid that has a similar pharmacological profile to that of the GABA transporter, GAT-3, cloned from rat CNS. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 23-27 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 85-101 9003070-6 1997 The effects of CACA on GABA and beta-alanine release provide indirect evidence for a GABA transporter in cerebellum, cerebral cortex, retina, and spinal cord that transports GABA, beta-alanine, CACA, and nipecotic acid that has a similar pharmacological profile to that of the GABA transporter, GAT-3, cloned from rat CNS. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 23-27 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 277-300 9003070-6 1997 The effects of CACA on GABA and beta-alanine release provide indirect evidence for a GABA transporter in cerebellum, cerebral cortex, retina, and spinal cord that transports GABA, beta-alanine, CACA, and nipecotic acid that has a similar pharmacological profile to that of the GABA transporter, GAT-3, cloned from rat CNS. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 85-89 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 277-300 8896702-13 1996 The individual glial envelopment of Purkinje cell axon terminals in the deep cerebellar nuclei and the dense immunostaining of GAT-3, and to a lesser extent GAT-1, expressed by astrocytic processes provide a compensatory mechanism for the removal of GABA from the synaptic cleft of synapses formed by Purkinje cell axon terminals. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 250-254 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 127-132 8815906-9 1996 These findings on the localization of GAT-3 in the cerebral cortex indicate that this transporter mediates GABA uptake into glial cells, and suggest that glial GABA uptake may function to limit the spread of GABA from the synapse, as well as to regulate overall GABA levels in the neuropil. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 160-164 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 38-43 8815906-9 1996 These findings on the localization of GAT-3 in the cerebral cortex indicate that this transporter mediates GABA uptake into glial cells, and suggest that glial GABA uptake may function to limit the spread of GABA from the synapse, as well as to regulate overall GABA levels in the neuropil. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 160-164 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 38-43 8815906-9 1996 These findings on the localization of GAT-3 in the cerebral cortex indicate that this transporter mediates GABA uptake into glial cells, and suggest that glial GABA uptake may function to limit the spread of GABA from the synapse, as well as to regulate overall GABA levels in the neuropil. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 160-164 solute carrier family 6 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 38-43