PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 21669816-5 2008 We used dynamic current-clamping to understand how living GnRH somata process input from glutamate and GABA, two key neurotransmitters in the neuroendocrine hypothalamus. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 103-107 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 58-62 20456608-4 2010 GnRH neurones are already mature before puberty but GnRH release is suppressed by a tonic GABA inhibition. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 90-94 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 20456608-4 2010 GnRH neurones are already mature before puberty but GnRH release is suppressed by a tonic GABA inhibition. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 90-94 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 52-56 20456608-5 2010 Our recent work indicates that blocking endogenous GABA inhibition with the GABA(A) receptor blocker, bicuculline, dramatically increases kisspeptin release, which plays an important role in the pubertal increase in GnRH release. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 51-55 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 216-220 18434046-0 2009 Effects of GABA(A) receptor modulation on the expression of GnRH gene and GnRH receptor (GnRH-R) gene in the hypothalamus and GnRH-R gene in the anterior pituitary gland of follicular-phase ewes. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 11-15 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 60-64 18434046-1 2009 The effect of prolonged, intermittent infusion of GABA(A) receptor agonist (muscimol) or GABA(A) receptor antagonist (bicuculline) into the third cerebral ventricle on the expression of GnRH gene and GnRH-R gene in the hypothalamus and GnRH-R gene in the anterior pituitary gland was examined in follicular-phase ewes by real-time PCR. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 50-54 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 186-190 18434046-5 2009 It is suggested that GABA acting through the GABA(A) receptor mechanism on the expression of GnRH gene and GnRH-R gene in the hypothalamus may be involved in two processes: the biosynthesis of GnRH and the release of this neurohormone in the hypothalamus. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 21-25 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 93-97 18434046-5 2009 It is suggested that GABA acting through the GABA(A) receptor mechanism on the expression of GnRH gene and GnRH-R gene in the hypothalamus may be involved in two processes: the biosynthesis of GnRH and the release of this neurohormone in the hypothalamus. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 21-25 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 107-111 19349036-3 2009 Glutamate and GABA are the primary excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the central nervous system, and as such contribute a great deal to modulating this axis throughout the lifetime via their actions on receptors in the hypothalamus, both directly on GnRH neurons as well as indirectly through other hypothalamic neural networks. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 14-18 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 263-267 19349036-4 2009 Interactions among GnRH neurons, glutamate, and GABA, including the regulation of GnRH gene and protein expression, hormone release, and modulation by estrogen, are critical to age-appropriate changes in reproductive function. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 48-52 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 82-86 22976302-0 2012 SDF and GABA interact to regulate axophilic migration of GnRH neurons. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 8-12 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 57-61 22976302-5 2012 Both SDF-1 and GABA have been shown to regulate the rate of GnRH neuronal migration by accelerating and slowing migration, respectively. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 15-19 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 60-64 20851111-4 2010 The inhibitory input to GnRH neurons is mostly transsynaptic and provided by GABAergic and opiatergic neurons; however, GABA has also been shown to directly excite GnRH neurons. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 77-81 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 24-28 19349036-5 2009 Here, we present evidence for the modulation of GnRH neurosecretory cells by the balance of glutamate and GABA in the hypothalamus, and the functional consequences of these interactions on reproductive physiology across the life cycle. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 106-110 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 48-52 21669816-8 2008 Furthermore, application of simulated GABAergic synapses with a depolarized reversal potential have revealed two functional subpopulations of GnRH neurons: one population in which GABA chronically depolarizes membrane potential (without inducing action potentials) and a second population in which GABAergic excitation results in slow spiking. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 38-42 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 142-146 18484787-13 2008 CONCLUSIONS: An alteration of placental gonadotrophic stimulation caused by changes in gonadotropin-releasing hormone release produced by the effects of VA on GABA is a possible pathogenic mechanism. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 159-163 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 87-117 18312488-0 2008 GABA control of GnRH release from the ewe hypothalamus in vitro: sensitivity to oestradiol. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 0-4 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 16-20 18312488-1 2008 The present study examines the involvement of GABA(A or B) receptors in gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release in vitro and determines whether oestradiol modulates gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-GnRH interaction. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 172-195 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 203-207 18312488-1 2008 The present study examines the involvement of GABA(A or B) receptors in gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release in vitro and determines whether oestradiol modulates gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-GnRH interaction. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 197-201 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 203-207 18312488-5 2008 However, GnRH increased (p < 0.05) after exposure to 10 mM GABA(A or B) antagonists (bicuculline or CGP52432, respectively). gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 62-66 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 9-13 18312488-6 2008 The GABA(A) antagonist stimulated greater sustained GnRH release (p < 0.05) in the absence of oestradiol than in its presence. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 4-8 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 52-56 18312488-8 2008 Only after exposure of hypothalamic slices to the GABA(A) antagonist, did the hypothalamic eluate stimulate luteinizing hormone release from pituitary fragments (p < 0.05) confirming that the GABA(A) antagonist stimulated release of biologically active GnRH. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 50-54 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 256-260 18312488-9 2008 In summary, GnRH release from the hypothalamus is predominantly under GABA(A) receptor inhibitory control and this is attenuated in the presence of oestradiol. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 70-74 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 12-16 16781054-0 2006 Development of GABA and glutamate signaling at the GnRH neuron in relation to puberty. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 15-19 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 51-55 16781054-4 2006 This review provides an update on what is known about GABA and glutamate signaling at the GnRH neuron across development. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 54-58 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 90-94 16781054-7 2006 These observations suggest that developing GnRH neurons exhibit a sequence of GABA-->glutamate signaling similar to that of other neuronal networks but that it is significantly elongated so as to only be complete by the time of puberty onset. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 78-82 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 43-47 16543268-5 2006 GnRH neurons exhibited robust currents in response to millimolar concentrations of GABA and a picrotoxin (PTX)-sensitive, bicuculline-insensitive current that probably arises from spontaneous openings of GABAA receptors. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 83-87 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 16543268-6 2006 The AAS 17alpha-methyltestosterone (17alpha-MeT) inhibited spontaneous and GABA-evoked currents in GnRH neurons. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 75-79 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 99-103 16101898-1 2005 It is becoming increasingly evident that GABA plays an important role in the regulation of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-1 neurones via the GABAA receptor. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 41-45 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 91-131 15958740-2 2005 We tested whether metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) regulate GABA transmission to GnRH neurons and GnRH neuronal firing pattern. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 69-73 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 90-94 12654529-3 2003 The decrease of the luteinizing hormone (LH) concentration in blood plasma and LH pulse amplitude suggests that a GABA(A) receptor agonist in the MPOA also suppresses GnRH release from the GnRH axon terminals in the ventromedial hypothalamus/nucleus infundibularis region (VEN/NI). gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 114-118 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 167-171 14981261-3 2004 In previous work, we demonstrated that EtOH inhibits the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid-stimulated release of LHRH by increasing the release of two neurotransmitters: beta-endorphin and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 180-203 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 104-108 14981261-3 2004 In previous work, we demonstrated that EtOH inhibits the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid-stimulated release of LHRH by increasing the release of two neurotransmitters: beta-endorphin and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 205-209 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 104-108 14981261-6 2004 Therefore, AEA could inhibit LHRH release by increasing GABA but not beta-endorphin release. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 56-60 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 29-33 12654529-3 2003 The decrease of the luteinizing hormone (LH) concentration in blood plasma and LH pulse amplitude suggests that a GABA(A) receptor agonist in the MPOA also suppresses GnRH release from the GnRH axon terminals in the ventromedial hypothalamus/nucleus infundibularis region (VEN/NI). gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 114-118 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 189-193 11738807-7 2001 Of the molecules associated with communication across distances, the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is associated with the GnRH migration pathway and influences the position and organization of GnRH neurons in vitro and in vivo. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 86-109 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 140-144 11738807-7 2001 Of the molecules associated with communication across distances, the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is associated with the GnRH migration pathway and influences the position and organization of GnRH neurons in vitro and in vivo. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 86-109 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 211-215 11738807-7 2001 Of the molecules associated with communication across distances, the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is associated with the GnRH migration pathway and influences the position and organization of GnRH neurons in vitro and in vivo. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 111-115 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 140-144 11738807-7 2001 Of the molecules associated with communication across distances, the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is associated with the GnRH migration pathway and influences the position and organization of GnRH neurons in vitro and in vivo. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 111-115 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 211-215 11738807-8 2001 Furthermore, galactose-containing glycoconjugates and GABA are associated with GnRH neurons in species ranging from humans to lamprey. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 54-58 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 79-83 11738807-11 2001 For example, only subpopulations of GnRH neurons also contain GABA, specific GABA receptors, or select glycoconjugates. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 62-66 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 36-40 11268367-12 2000 GABA acts on GABAa receptors on the LHRH neuronal terminal to block NOergic stimulation of LHRH release. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 0-4 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 36-40 11358119-7 2001 NE, NPY, glutamate, and GABA are neurotransmitters possibly controlling pulsatile LHRH release, and NO, cAMP, and ATP may be diffusible substances involved in pulsatile LHRH release without synaptic input. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 24-28 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 82-86 11596866-4 2001 These results suggest, that GABA may suppress GnRH release directly by GABA(A) receptor mechanism on the axon terminal of GnRH neurons or indirectly by GABA(A) receptor processes activating beta-endorphin-ergic and dopaminergic neurons in the VEN/NI. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 28-32 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 46-50 11596866-4 2001 These results suggest, that GABA may suppress GnRH release directly by GABA(A) receptor mechanism on the axon terminal of GnRH neurons or indirectly by GABA(A) receptor processes activating beta-endorphin-ergic and dopaminergic neurons in the VEN/NI. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 28-32 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 122-126 11268367-12 2000 GABA acts on GABAa receptors on the LHRH neuronal terminal to block NOergic stimulation of LHRH release. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 0-4 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 91-95 9629249-12 1998 GABA acts on GABAa receptors on the LHRH neuronal terminal to block NOergic stimulation of LHRH release. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 0-4 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 36-40 9629249-12 1998 GABA acts on GABAa receptors on the LHRH neuronal terminal to block NOergic stimulation of LHRH release. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 0-4 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 91-95 9753183-0 1998 Immortalized gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons secrete gamma-aminobutyric acid-evidence for an autocrine regulation. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 60-83 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 13-43 9753183-12 1998 The released GABA influences GnRH secretion by an auto- or paracrine loop. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 13-17 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 29-33 7617127-1 1995 To examine the role of calcium signaling in the joint modulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate, cytoplasmic calcium ([Ca2+]i) responses to the two transmitters were analyzed in monolayer networks of the GT1-7 line of immortalized GnRH neurons. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 119-142 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 68-98 9480565-1 1997 UNLABELLED: Neurons secreting gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) contain receptors of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate, fibroblast-growth factor, prolactin, beta-adrenergic receptor and dopamine receptor. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 89-112 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 30-60 9480565-1 1997 UNLABELLED: Neurons secreting gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) contain receptors of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate, fibroblast-growth factor, prolactin, beta-adrenergic receptor and dopamine receptor. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 89-112 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 62-66 9480565-1 1997 UNLABELLED: Neurons secreting gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) contain receptors of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate, fibroblast-growth factor, prolactin, beta-adrenergic receptor and dopamine receptor. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 114-118 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 30-60 9480565-1 1997 UNLABELLED: Neurons secreting gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) contain receptors of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate, fibroblast-growth factor, prolactin, beta-adrenergic receptor and dopamine receptor. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 114-118 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 62-66 7617124-2 1995 Glu and GABA-containing neurons have both been shown to synapse with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and other neuroendocrine systems in the hypothalamus of several species. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 8-12 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 69-99 9483201-10 1997 GM-CSF inhibits LHRH release by acting on its receptors on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons to stimulate GABA release. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 59-82 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 16-20 9483201-10 1997 GM-CSF inhibits LHRH release by acting on its receptors on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons to stimulate GABA release. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 84-88 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 16-20 9483201-10 1997 GM-CSF inhibits LHRH release by acting on its receptors on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons to stimulate GABA release. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 116-120 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 16-20 9483201-11 1997 GABA acts on GABA-A receptors on the LHRH neuronal terminal to block NOergic stimulation of LHRH release. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 0-4 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 37-41 9483201-11 1997 GABA acts on GABA-A receptors on the LHRH neuronal terminal to block NOergic stimulation of LHRH release. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 0-4 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 92-96 7617127-1 1995 To examine the role of calcium signaling in the joint modulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate, cytoplasmic calcium ([Ca2+]i) responses to the two transmitters were analyzed in monolayer networks of the GT1-7 line of immortalized GnRH neurons. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 144-148 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 68-98 18407209-4 1994 The expression o f several other receptors by GnRH neurons provides the means for integrated regulation of pulse generator activity from without the network by agonists including glutamate, GABA, endothelin, and catecholamines. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 190-194 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 46-50 7802419-15 1994 However, recent research has shown that GABA, the monoamines, and several neuropeptides are participants in the estrogen-sensitive network which regulates GNRH secretion. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 40-44 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 155-159 8278400-0 1994 gamma-Aminobutyric acid is an inhibitory neurotransmitter restricting the release of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone before the onset of puberty. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 0-23 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 85-122 8087094-2 1994 The present review discusses the proposed roles of the amino acids glutamate and GABA in the central regulation of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) and in luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 81-85 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 115-152 8087094-2 1994 The present review discusses the proposed roles of the amino acids glutamate and GABA in the central regulation of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) and in luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 81-85 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 154-158 8087094-13 1994 The inhibitory actions of GABA on LH release and ovulation may be exerted at the level of afferent nerve terminals that regulate LHRH secretion. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 26-30 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 129-133 7725817-2 1994 Evidence is provided that LHRH neurons are relatively unresponsiveness to norepinephrine in their normal resting state (plasma LH levels are low) and one cause of this may be due to inhibitory influences exerted by local GABA interneurons. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 221-225 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 26-30 8278400-4 1994 In contrast, GABA suppressed LHRH release in pubertal, but not prepubertal, monkeys. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 13-17 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 29-33 8278400-5 1994 These differential effects of GABA and the GABA antagonist on LHRH release in the two developmental stages were due to an age factor rather than to the steroid hormonal background. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 30-34 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 62-66 8278400-5 1994 These differential effects of GABA and the GABA antagonist on LHRH release in the two developmental stages were due to an age factor rather than to the steroid hormonal background. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 43-47 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 62-66 8278400-7 1994 Thus, the results suggest that in the prepubertal period there is a powerful GABA inhibition of the LHRH neurosecretory system: infusions of GABAA, but not GABAB, antagonists stimulate LHRH release by removal of the endogenous GABA inhibition, whereas exogenous GABA is ineffective because of high endogenous GABA levels. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 77-81 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 100-104 8278400-7 1994 Thus, the results suggest that in the prepubertal period there is a powerful GABA inhibition of the LHRH neurosecretory system: infusions of GABAA, but not GABAB, antagonists stimulate LHRH release by removal of the endogenous GABA inhibition, whereas exogenous GABA is ineffective because of high endogenous GABA levels. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 77-81 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 185-189 8278400-7 1994 Thus, the results suggest that in the prepubertal period there is a powerful GABA inhibition of the LHRH neurosecretory system: infusions of GABAA, but not GABAB, antagonists stimulate LHRH release by removal of the endogenous GABA inhibition, whereas exogenous GABA is ineffective because of high endogenous GABA levels. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 141-145 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 100-104 8278400-7 1994 Thus, the results suggest that in the prepubertal period there is a powerful GABA inhibition of the LHRH neurosecretory system: infusions of GABAA, but not GABAB, antagonists stimulate LHRH release by removal of the endogenous GABA inhibition, whereas exogenous GABA is ineffective because of high endogenous GABA levels. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 141-145 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 185-189 8278400-7 1994 Thus, the results suggest that in the prepubertal period there is a powerful GABA inhibition of the LHRH neurosecretory system: infusions of GABAA, but not GABAB, antagonists stimulate LHRH release by removal of the endogenous GABA inhibition, whereas exogenous GABA is ineffective because of high endogenous GABA levels. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 141-145 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 100-104 8278400-7 1994 Thus, the results suggest that in the prepubertal period there is a powerful GABA inhibition of the LHRH neurosecretory system: infusions of GABAA, but not GABAB, antagonists stimulate LHRH release by removal of the endogenous GABA inhibition, whereas exogenous GABA is ineffective because of high endogenous GABA levels. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 141-145 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 185-189 8278400-7 1994 Thus, the results suggest that in the prepubertal period there is a powerful GABA inhibition of the LHRH neurosecretory system: infusions of GABAA, but not GABAB, antagonists stimulate LHRH release by removal of the endogenous GABA inhibition, whereas exogenous GABA is ineffective because of high endogenous GABA levels. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 141-145 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 100-104 8278400-7 1994 Thus, the results suggest that in the prepubertal period there is a powerful GABA inhibition of the LHRH neurosecretory system: infusions of GABAA, but not GABAB, antagonists stimulate LHRH release by removal of the endogenous GABA inhibition, whereas exogenous GABA is ineffective because of high endogenous GABA levels. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 141-145 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 185-189 8233058-0 1993 GABA control of LHRH release is dependent on the steroid milieu. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 0-4 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 16-20 8233058-2 1993 GABA significantly decreased LHRH release under conditions of low, chronic levels of estradiol (E2) treatment but had no effect on tissue obtained from animals in proestrus. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 0-4 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 29-33 1427636-2 1992 At the hypothalamic level, control of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) involves noradrenaline, GABA, glutamate, angiotensin II, neuropeptide Y, neurotensin, and 5-hydroxytryptamine as well as interleukins 1 and 2. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 100-104 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 38-68 8367037-9 1993 However, large numbers of adjacent GABA neurons possess ERs and may comprise a major neuronal population mediating gonadal steroid input to LHRH neurons. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 35-39 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 140-144 1427636-2 1992 At the hypothalamic level, control of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) involves noradrenaline, GABA, glutamate, angiotensin II, neuropeptide Y, neurotensin, and 5-hydroxytryptamine as well as interleukins 1 and 2. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 100-104 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 70-74 35578968-6 2022 Abnormal central gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) signaling has been identified in both patients and preclinical models as a possible link between androgen excess and elevated GnRH/LH secretion. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 17-40 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 174-178 35187579-14 2022 In addition to the Kiss1 system, other major hypothalamic regulators of GnRH neurosecretion, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate, may be targets of developmental programming. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 101-124 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 72-76 35578968-6 2022 Abnormal central gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) signaling has been identified in both patients and preclinical models as a possible link between androgen excess and elevated GnRH/LH secretion. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 42-46 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 174-178 35578968-8 2022 Accordingly, this article also provides an overview of GABA regulation of GnRH neuron function from prenatal development to adulthood to discuss possible avenues for future discovery research and therapeutic interventions. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 55-59 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 74-78 35270780-13 2022 A similar process is associated with the neurotransmitters such as GABA, glutamate, serotonin, dopamine, and acetylcholine, as well as the opioid system, which may interfere with secretion of GnRH, and therefore, influence the development and severity of symptoms in PCOS patients. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 67-71 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 192-196 2544412-11 1989 This study uncovered both stimulatory and inhibitory effects of GABA on LHRH release after activation of GABA-A or GABA-B receptors, respectively. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 64-68 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 72-76 2544412-4 1989 Both GABA and muscimol at different concentrations induced an increase in LHRH release, but did not affect the release of arginine vasopressin and oxytocin. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 5-9 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 74-78 33991835-9 2021 These findings corroborate previous results that GABA increases GnRH/LH secretion in other species during the pre-pubertal period. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 49-53 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 64-68 3532698-0 1986 GABA and gonadotropin secretion: evidence from in vitro studies on regulation of LHRH secretion. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 0-4 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 81-85 25905176-4 2000 Neuroendocrine regulation of ovulation involves the interaction between neurons secreting GABA, kisspeptin, and neurokinin which modulate the function of GnRH neurons. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 90-94 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 154-158 32220316-0 2020 GABA-Induced GnRH Release Triggers Chordate Metamorphosis. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 0-4 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 13-17 32220316-6 2020 We found that gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a downstream neuropeptide of GABA. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 84-88 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 14-44 32220316-6 2020 We found that gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a downstream neuropeptide of GABA. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 84-88 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 46-50 32220316-7 2020 Although GABA is generally thought of as an inhibitory neurotransmitter, we found that it positively regulates secretion of GnRH through the metabotropic GABA receptor during Ciona metamorphosis. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 9-13 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 124-128 32220316-8 2020 GnRH is necessary for reproductive maturation in vertebrates, and GABA is an important excitatory regulator of GnRH in the hypothalamus during puberty [3, 4]. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 66-70 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 111-115 32220316-9 2020 Our findings reveal another role of the GABA-GnRH axis in the regulation of post-embryonic development in chordates. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 40-44 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 45-49 28591479-3 2017 Possible regulators of GnRH release that are intrinsic to HH tissue include the following: (1) glial factors (such as transforming growth factor alpha[TGFalpha) and (2) gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated excitation. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 169-192 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 23-27 28591479-3 2017 Possible regulators of GnRH release that are intrinsic to HH tissue include the following: (1) glial factors (such as transforming growth factor alpha[TGFalpha) and (2) gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated excitation. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 194-198 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 23-27 29899026-1 2018 A population of kisspeptin-GABA coexpressing neurons located in the rostral periventricular area of the third ventricle (RP3V) is believed to activate gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons to generate the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge triggering ovulation. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 27-31 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 151-181 28251550-9 2017 Moreover, an ongoing increasing number of inhibitory, stimulatory and permissive networks acting upstream on GnRH neurons, such as GABA, NPY, LIN28B, MKRN3 and others integrate diverse hormonal and peripheral signals and have been proposed as the "gate-keepers" of puberty, while epigenetic modifications play also an important role in puberty initiation. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 131-135 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 109-113 26690789-7 2016 Interestingly, excitatory actions of GABA have been demonstrated in both CRH neurons at the apex of control of the HPA axis and in GnRH neurons which mediate the HPG axis, adding to the complexity for the role of GABAergic signaling in the regulation of these systems. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 37-41 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 131-135 23550004-3 2013 Presynaptically, kisspeptin increases the excitatory drive (both GABA-A and glutamate) to GnRH neurons and postsynaptically, kisspeptin inhibits an A-type and inwardly rectifying K(+) (Kir 6.2 and GIRK) currents and activates nonselective cation (TRPC) currents to cause long-lasting depolarization and increased action potential firing. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 65-69 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 90-94 25506316-0 2014 The role of GABA in the regulation of GnRH neurons. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 12-16 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 38-42 25506316-2 2014 Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) has long been implicated as one of the major players in the regulation of GnRH neurons. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 0-24 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 106-110 25506316-2 2014 Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) has long been implicated as one of the major players in the regulation of GnRH neurons. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 26-30 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 106-110 25506316-3 2014 Although GABA is typically an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mature adult central nervous system, most mature GnRH neurons show the unusual characteristic of being excited by GABA. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 179-183 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 114-118 25506316-4 2014 While many reports have provided much insight into the contribution of GABA to the activity of GnRH neurons, the precise physiological role of the excitatory action of GABA on GnRH neurons remains elusive. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 71-75 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 95-99 25506316-4 2014 While many reports have provided much insight into the contribution of GABA to the activity of GnRH neurons, the precise physiological role of the excitatory action of GABA on GnRH neurons remains elusive. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 168-172 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 176-180 25506316-5 2014 This brief review presents the current knowledge of the role of GABA signaling in GnRH neuronal activity. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 64-68 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 82-86 24018188-3 2013 The Aun linker was better than Gaba, Ahx and Aoc linkers in retaining strong receptor binding affinity of the GnRH peptide. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 31-35 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 110-114 23550013-7 2013 This effect is likely mediated by autosynaptic inputs of NKB on KNDy neurons to induce the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in a kisspeptin--dependent manner, with the coordinated actions of other neuroendocrine factors, such as dynorphin, glutamate, or GABA. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 272-276 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 104-134 23550013-7 2013 This effect is likely mediated by autosynaptic inputs of NKB on KNDy neurons to induce the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in a kisspeptin--dependent manner, with the coordinated actions of other neuroendocrine factors, such as dynorphin, glutamate, or GABA. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 272-276 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 136-140