PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 33705096-0 2021 Synergistic Effect of N-Doped sp2 Carbon and Porous Structure in Graphene Gels toward Selective Oxidation of C-H Bond. Graphite 65-73 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 30-33 33946464-2 2021 A high temperature of RTA (300-700 C) was applied to graphene under an argon atmosphere to form defects on sp2 carbon lattices. Graphite 54-62 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 108-111 33854884-1 2021 Extraordinary properties and great application potentials of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene fundamentally rely on their large-scale perfect sp2 structure. Graphite 88-96 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 145-148 33404454-6 2021 By analyzing the relative content of carbon bonds using the area of intensity of the Raman peaks and a simulation of crystal morphology, we suggest that the number of graphene surface layers would be monolayers in nanodiamonds, comprising two kinds of C-C bonds, one being sp3 bonds of diamond in the core and the other being sp2 bonds of graphene on the surface. Graphite 167-175 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 326-329 33718723-3 2021 The nanometer-sized graphite (NG) is formed on the (111) facet of BDD via converting an sp3 diamond structure to an sp2 graphitic phase at high temperature in boron-rich ambient. Graphite 20-28 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 116-119 33565536-1 2021 To overcome the shuttle effect in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries, an sp/sp2 hybridized all-carbon interlayer by coating graphene (Gra) and hydrogen-substituted graphdiyne (HsGDY) with a specific surface area as high as 2184 m2 g-1 on a cathode is designed and prepared. Graphite 121-129 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 73-76 33565536-1 2021 To overcome the shuttle effect in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries, an sp/sp2 hybridized all-carbon interlayer by coating graphene (Gra) and hydrogen-substituted graphdiyne (HsGDY) with a specific surface area as high as 2184 m2 g-1 on a cathode is designed and prepared. Graphite 131-134 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 73-76 33448799-6 2021 The exfoliated graphene shows almost no basal defect (Id/Ig: 0) and possesses high quality (C/O ratio: 21.2, sp2 %: ~95%), an indication of negligible structural deterioration. Graphite 15-23 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 109-112 32795825-7 2021 The synergies between the sp2-hybridized carbon surface and the active sites (such as phenolic OH and defects) facilitated the oxidation of 1-NA on graphite. Graphite 148-156 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 26-29 33077928-1 2020 Chemical reactions that convert sp2 to sp3 hybridization have been demonstrated to be a fascinating yet challenging route to functionalize graphene. Graphite 139-147 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 32-35 33174871-2 2020 The surface sp2 : sp3 ratio of two types of carbon catalysts, including nanodiamond- and graphite-oriented carbons, both have a volcano relationship with the catalytic performance for acetylene hydrochlorination, and the optimized ratios are both around 32-35%. Graphite 89-97 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 12-15 33066381-0 2020 Graphene Domain Signature of Raman Spectra of sp2 Amorphous Carbons. Graphite 0-8 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 46-49 33066381-1 2020 The standard D-G-2D pattern of Raman spectra of sp2 amorphous carbons is considered from the viewpoint of graphene domains presenting their basic structure units (BSUs) in terms of molecular spectroscopy. Graphite 106-114 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 48-51 32997231-1 2020 The defects into the hexagonal network of a sp2-hybridized carbon atom have been demonstrated to have a significant influence on intrinsic properties of graphene systems. Graphite 153-161 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 44-47 32940310-2 2020 Here, we predict a new allotrope of graphene, named Me-graphene, composed of both sp2- and sp3-hybridized carbon by topological assembly of C-(C3H2)4 molecules. Graphite 36-44 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 82-85 32940310-8 2020 The transitional properties related to the ratio of sp2- and sp3-hybridized carbon atoms are inspiring for searching for new graphene allotropes with combinational properties. Graphite 125-133 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 52-55 32455827-1 2020 Graphene oxide is a compound with a form similar to graphene, composed of carbon atoms in a sp2 single-atom layer of a hybrid connection. Graphite 52-60 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 92-95 32743870-5 2020 Here, it is confirmed that ideal graphene is quasi-impermeable to protons, yet the most common defect in sp2 carbons, the topological Stone-Wales defect, has a calculated penetration barrier below 1 eV and H+ -over-D+ selectivity of 7 at room temperature and, thus, explains all experimental results on graphene membranes that are available to date. Graphite 33-41 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 105-108 32743870-5 2020 Here, it is confirmed that ideal graphene is quasi-impermeable to protons, yet the most common defect in sp2 carbons, the topological Stone-Wales defect, has a calculated penetration barrier below 1 eV and H+ -over-D+ selectivity of 7 at room temperature and, thus, explains all experimental results on graphene membranes that are available to date. Graphite 304-312 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 105-108 32537946-3 2020 Herein, a new design approach is reported to control singlet-triplet energy splitting ( EST ) in graphene quantum dots (GQD)/graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) by varying the ratio of oxygenated carbon to sp2 carbon (gammaOC ). Graphite 97-105 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 206-209 31566282-2 2020 Carbon-based nanocages consisting of sp2 carbon shells feature a hollow interior cavity with sub-nanometer microchannels across the shells, high specific surface area with a defective outer surface, and tunable electronic structure, much different from the intensively studied nanocarbons such as carbon nanotubes and graphene. Graphite 318-326 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 37-40 32400800-1 2020 Graphene, a single atomic layer of sp2 hybridized carbon, is a promising material for future devices due to its excellent optical and electrical properties. Graphite 0-8 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 35-38 32672929-1 2020 Bulk scale syntheses of sp2 nanocarbon have typically been generated by extensive chemical oxidation to yield graphite oxide from graphite followed by a reductive step. Graphite 110-118 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 24-27 32603134-1 2020 The tendency of bilayered graphene edges to connect with each other allows to create hollow sp2-hybridized material with specific electronic properties. Graphite 26-34 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 92-95 32572409-0 2020 Anomalous restoration of sp2 hybridization in graphene functionalization. Graphite 46-54 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 25-28 32458941-6 2020 The size-tunable graphene ranging from 3 nm to tens of micrometers is prepared by tuning the sp3/sp2 carbon ratio of PPC from 0.5 to 0 at adjustable temperatures (800 C-2800 C). Graphite 17-25 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 97-100 32118154-1 2020 To fully understand the chemical structure of graphene oxide and the oxidation chemistry of sp2 carbon sites, we conducted a practical experiment and density functional theory combined study on the oxidation process of graphite. Graphite 219-227 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 92-95 32267704-2 2020 We describe two new families of diamond-graphene (diaphite) phases constructed from layered and bonded sp3- and sp2 nanostructural units, and provide a framework for classifying the members of this new class of materials. Graphite 40-48 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 112-115 32053385-1 2020 Since a graphene sheet consists of unsaturated sp2 carbon bonds, the addition reaction for the saturating aromatic bonds can lead to a variety of non-natural two-dimensional (2D) materials. Graphite 8-16 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 47-50 32183471-1 2020 Graphene (Gr)-a single layer of two-dimensional sp2 carbon atoms-and Carbon Dots (CDs)-a novel class of carbon nanoparticles-are two outstanding nanomaterials, renowned for their peculiar properties: Gr for its excellent charge-transport, and CDs for their impressive emission properties. Graphite 0-8 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 48-51 32049440-1 2020 Different from graphene with the highly stable sp2 -hybridized carbon atoms, which shows poor controllability for constructing strong interactions between graphene and guest metal, graphdiyne has a great potential to be engineered because its high-reactive acetylene linkages can effectively chelate metal atoms. Graphite 15-23 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 47-50 31941941-1 2020 The sp2 nature of graphene endows the hexagonal lattice with very high theoretical stiffness, strength and resilience, all well-documented. Graphite 18-26 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 4-7 31804085-3 2020 These exceptional properties of graphene are attributed to the combined effect of sigma and pi bonds which form upon sp2 hybridization, resulting in what is known as resonant bonding. Graphite 32-40 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 117-120 31766344-8 2019 However, the optical nonlinearity decreased first and then increased with further increased addition of GO, because the dispersion of gammaMnS attached on graphene surface might make density of sp2 fragment and defects changed. Graphite 155-163 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 194-197 31861855-4 2019 Graphene is a two-dimensional carbon nano-material with sp2 hybrid orbital, which has a large surface area and excellent conductivity and electron transfer ability. Graphite 0-8 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 56-59 31663294-1 2019 Graphene is a 2D sheet of sp2 bonded carbon atoms and tends to aggregate together, due to the strong pi-pi stacking and van der Waals attraction between different layers. Graphite 0-8 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 26-29 31616886-1 2019 The stable sp2-C atoms in graphite enable its excellent structural and electrochemical stability as an anode material for Li-ion battery applications, while the limited Li-storage capacity of graphite also originates from the sp2 hybridization. Graphite 26-34 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 11-14 31616886-2 2019 Herein, from first-principles calculations, we show that a synergistic effect of sp2 and sp3 hybridized C atoms can substantially enhance the Li-storage performance in carbon-based anodes, using bct-C40 as an example, which is constructed with interconnected graphene layers (sp2 hybridized C atoms) and the connecting points are composed of sp3-C atoms. Graphite 259-267 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 81-84 30462864-2 2019 Herein, first a description of conventional molecular magnets coupled with sp2 carbon materials, such as carbon nanotubes and graphenes, is given. Graphite 126-135 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 75-78 31101893-2 2019 Previous studies attributed the ultrahigh strength of the compressed glassy carbon to structural transformation from graphite-like sp2-bonded structure to diamond-like sp3-bonded structure. Graphite 117-125 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 131-134 31146239-1 2019 Graphene with atomic layer of sp2-hybridized carbon atoms in a hexagonal structure has attracted multidisciplinary attention since its discovery. Graphite 0-8 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 30-33 31222848-6 2019 Highly developed pi-conjugated electronic structures are common important features in GDY and graphene; however, the coexistence of sp and sp2 carbons differentiates GDY from graphene. Graphite 175-183 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 139-142 31376639-1 2019 The exceptional electrical, thermal, optical and mechanical properties have made two dimensional sp2 hybridized graphene a material of choice in both academic as well as industrial research. Graphite 112-120 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 97-100 31592411-4 2019 Characteristic spectra shapes and peak positions for varying contributions of sp2-like or sp3-like bond types and amorphous hydrogenated carbon are reported under circumstances which might be observed on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surfaces as a result of air or electron beam exposure. Graphite 230-238 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 78-81 31038963-0 2019 Three-Dimensional Crystalline Modification of Graphene in all-sp2 Hexagonal Lattices with or without Topological Nodal Lines. Graphite 46-54 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 62-65 31038963-1 2019 The discovery of fullerenes, nanotubes, and graphene has ignited tremendous interest in exploring additional all-sp2 carbon networks with novel properties. Graphite 44-52 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 113-116 31038963-5 2019 The present findings establish an additional crystalline modification of graphene in the all-sp2 carbon allotrope family and offer insights into its outstanding structural and electronic properties. Graphite 73-81 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 93-96 30507036-7 2019 The excitation-dependent nature is most likely to be associated with the structures of sp2 domains on the graphene surfaces. Graphite 106-114 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 87-90 30109931-1 2018 Since the discovery of buckminsterfullerene over 30 years ago, sp2-hybridised carbon nanomaterials (including fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene) have stimulated new science and technology across a huge range of fields. Graphite 144-152 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 63-66 30801167-2 2019 In this work, two-dimensional graphene, as a simplified model for all sp2 hybrid carbon allotropes, is employed to explore the surface chemistry of P-doped carbon materials. Graphite 30-38 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 70-73 30136862-5 2018 Drawbacks associated with graphene-based materials for biomedical applications include defect-free graphene formation and heteroatom contamination during synthesis process; reduced availability of sp2 hybridized carbon centers due to serum proteins masking; and poor availability of data pertaining to in vivo clearance of graphene-based formulations. Graphite 26-34 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 197-200 30479055-4 2019 Defects (active sites) were created on a HOPG (highly oriented pyrolytic graphite) surface that broke the intrinsic sp2 -hybridization of graphite by plasma, inducing localization of surface charge onto defective active sites, as shown by scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). Graphite 73-81 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 116-119 30479055-4 2019 Defects (active sites) were created on a HOPG (highly oriented pyrolytic graphite) surface that broke the intrinsic sp2 -hybridization of graphite by plasma, inducing localization of surface charge onto defective active sites, as shown by scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). Graphite 138-146 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 116-119 30195180-7 2019 GQDs of pure (without defects) graphene sheets with fully pi-conjugated sp2 systems should exhibit size-dependent optical properties due to the quantum confinement effect. Graphite 31-39 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 72-75 30516956-0 2018 Zigzag sp2 Carbon Chains Passing through an sp3 Framework: A Driving Force toward Room-Temperature Ferromagnetic Graphene. Graphite 113-121 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 7-10 30516956-4 2018 Here, we describe a method for the well-controlled sp3 functionalization of graphene to synthesize zigzag conjugated sp2 carbon chains that can act as communication pathways among radical motifs. Graphite 76-84 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 117-120 30558215-0 2018 Electrochemical Enantiomer Recognition Based on sp3-to-sp2 Converted Regenerative Graphene/Diamond Electrode. Graphite 82-90 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 55-58 30558215-2 2018 A sp3-to-sp2 converted highly stable and regenerative graphene/diamond electrode (G/D) was proposed as an enantiomer recognition platform after a simple beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) drop casting process. Graphite 54-62 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 9-12 29660582-3 2018 In this work, few-layer graphene was directly formed on a high pressure high temperature (HPHT) diamond substrate via sp3-to-sp2 conversion by catalytic thermal treatment and using diamond itself as the carbon source. Graphite 24-32 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 125-128 29737307-2 2018 In this work, however, we present that the presence of the graphene layer on a surface of a sample has a significant impact on the ion bombardment process: broken sp2 bonds react with the incoming ions and trap them close to the surface of the sample, preventing a standard ion implantation. Graphite 59-67 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 163-166 29762624-2 2018 Graphene, the unique few layers sheet-like arrangement of sp2 hybridized carbon atoms, has an inimitable two-dimensional (2D) structure. Graphite 0-8 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 58-61 29762126-2 2018 By comparing plane wave basis calculations, we show how these states can be captured by adding long-range orbitals to the standard LCAO basis sets for the extreme cases of planar sp 2 (graphene) and curved carbon (C60). Graphite 185-193 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 179-183 29705306-3 2018 This study aimed to evaluate the parametric influence of tip sonication on the characteristics of sp2 carbon structure in graphene nanoplatelets by varying the sonication time and respective energy at three different amplitudes (60%, 80% and 100%). Graphite 122-130 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 98-101 29863730-2 2018 Herein, aiming the application of Li-S at high current rates, we coupled a sp2 carbon configuration consisting of 3D carbon nanotubes/graphene prepared by ultrahigh temperature treatment (2850 C) with S (2850CNTs-Gra-S) for application in Li-S batteries. Graphite 134-142 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 75-78 29863730-3 2018 The 2850CNTs-Gra as the host material exhibits a nearly perfect sp2 hybridized structure because ultrahigh temperature treatment not only repairs the raw defects in CNTs and graphene, but it also forms new sp2 C-C bonds between them. Graphite 174-182 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 64-67 29344758-1 2018 Thermal properties of sp2 systems such as graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) have attracted significant attention because of both systems being excellent thermal conductors. Graphite 42-50 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 22-25 29672042-4 2018 The amorphous carbon networks produced using both parameter sets at 300 K are similar to each other, with the first peak positions of pair distribution function curves located between the graphite sp2 bond peak position and the diamond sp3 bond peak position. Graphite 188-196 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 197-200 29687134-0 2018 Low-energy 3D sp2 carbons with versatile properties beyond graphite and graphene. Graphite 59-67 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 14-17 29687134-0 2018 Low-energy 3D sp2 carbons with versatile properties beyond graphite and graphene. Graphite 72-80 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 14-17 29687134-1 2018 Carbon materials with full sp2-hybridized bonding, e.g. zero-dimensional (0D) fullerenes, 1D carbon nanotubes, and 2D graphene, possess outstanding and unparalleled properties, and have unique scientific and technological importance. Graphite 118-126 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 27-30 29687134-3 2018 Here we proposed a class of low-energy 3D sp2 carbons with exceptional properties, not only possessing excellent mechanical properties such as high 3D strength, rubber-like ultra-stretchability, and negative Poisson"s ratio, but also including the electronic properties of graphite-like metallicity and graphene-like Dirac cone, which are the desirable properties across a broad range of potential applications. Graphite 273-281 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 42-45 29687134-3 2018 Here we proposed a class of low-energy 3D sp2 carbons with exceptional properties, not only possessing excellent mechanical properties such as high 3D strength, rubber-like ultra-stretchability, and negative Poisson"s ratio, but also including the electronic properties of graphite-like metallicity and graphene-like Dirac cone, which are the desirable properties across a broad range of potential applications. Graphite 303-311 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 42-45 29687134-4 2018 Furthermore, a design route was suggested to access these 3D sp2 carbons by the polymerization of edge-functionalized graphene nanoribbon arrays. Graphite 118-126 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 61-64 29442920-0 2018 Investigation of Disorder in Mixed Phase, sp2-sp3 Bonded Graphene-Like Nanocarbon. Graphite 57-65 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 42-45 29442920-1 2018 Disorder in a mixed phase, sp2-sp3 bonded graphene-like nanocarbon (GNC) lattice has been extensively studied for its electronic and field emission properties. Graphite 42-50 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 27-30 29323686-4 2018 The unique framework of sp2 carbon and sp3 silicon atoms leads to unusual in-plane negative Poisson"s ratios and electronic properties superior to both graphene and silicene. Graphite 152-160 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 24-27 29327475-1 2018 Graphene, a 2D material consisting of a single layer of sp2 -hybridized carbon, exhibits inert activity as an electrocatalyst, while the incorporation of heteroatoms (such as N) into the framework can tune its electronic properties. Graphite 0-8 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 56-59 28079359-1 2017 Graphene, the sp2 carbonaceous two-dimensional (2D) material, is gaining more attention in recent electrochemical studies. Graphite 0-8 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 14-17 29236507-6 2018 The significant hydrodynamic nature of phonon transport in graphite is attributed to its strong intralayer sp2 hybrid bonding and weak van der Waals interlayer interactions. Graphite 59-67 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 107-110 28799595-6 2017 Meanwhile, the introduced -SO3H functional group helped in producing terminal H at the edge of the sp2 bonded graphite-like layers. Graphite 110-118 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 99-102 31457701-1 2017 A number of graphene allotropes constructed by sp3, sp2, and sp hybrid orbitals have recently been proposed to provide the broad potential for practical applications. Graphite 12-20 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 52-55 28544022-1 2017 The ideal graphene is a one-atom thick single layer of carbon atoms having sp2 hybridation in hexagonal arrangement. Graphite 10-18 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 75-78 28953352-8 2017 Besides, it also provides a detailed and insightful understanding of the sp2 carbon catalytic growth, which is vital in developing efficient and practical graphene synthetic routes. Graphite 155-163 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 73-76 28461100-1 2017 Graphene is an allotrope of carbon which consists of single layered sp2 hybridized carbon arranged in honey comb lattice. Graphite 0-8 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 68-71 28466637-4 2017 The signal current for p-aminophenol increases as the sp2 content in the UBM nanocarbon film electrode increases because of the pi-pi interaction between aromatic p-aminophenol and the graphene-like sp2 structure. Graphite 185-193 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 54-57 28466637-4 2017 The signal current for p-aminophenol increases as the sp2 content in the UBM nanocarbon film electrode increases because of the pi-pi interaction between aromatic p-aminophenol and the graphene-like sp2 structure. Graphite 185-193 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 199-202 28379246-5 2017 Using DFT and TD-DFT methods followed by a molecular-like approach we examine the electronic structure and the optical properties of graphene (sp2,sp3)-clusters. Graphite 133-141 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 143-146 28301544-8 2017 Epoxy can cause deformation of the graphite lattice due to the transition of graphite from sp2 to sp3 after the addition of an oxygen atom. Graphite 35-43 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 91-94 28301544-8 2017 Epoxy can cause deformation of the graphite lattice due to the transition of graphite from sp2 to sp3 after the addition of an oxygen atom. Graphite 77-85 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 91-94 28079359-5 2017 The parallel Tafel slopes of SLG, bilayer graphene (BLG), and HOPG suggest they share the same electrochemical activities deriving from the sp2 carbon basal plane. Graphite 42-50 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 140-143 28027437-4 2017 In the course of covalently grafting the molecules to graphene, the sp2 conjugation of carbon atoms was broken, and local sp3 bonds were created. Graphite 54-62 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 68-71 28061027-1 2017 A thorough investigation of the oxidation mechanism of sp2-sp3 hybrid carbon materials is helpful for the morphological trimming of graphene. Graphite 132-140 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 55-58 27766842-3 2016 The chelation effect ensures the homodispersion of Fe in the polymer segments of the precursor, so that an effective catalytic conversion from sp3 to sp2 carbon occurs, enabling free rearrangement of graphene sheets into expanded nanographite and carbon micropores. Graphite 200-208 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 150-153 29152447-1 2017 Graphene, 2D atomic-layer of sp2 carbon, has attracted a great deal of interest for use in solar cells, LEDs, electronic skin, touchscreens, energy storage devices, and microelectronics. Graphite 0-8 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 29-32 28000780-1 2016 Over the history of carbon, it is generally acknowledged that Bernal AB stacking of the sp2 carbon layers is the unique crystalline form of graphite. Graphite 140-148 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 88-91 27569910-3 2016 Graphene, a monolayer material composed of sp2-hybridized carbon atoms hexagonally arranged in a two-dimensional structure, can be easily functionalized by chemical modification. Graphite 0-8 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 43-46 27233212-1 2016 Nano-graphene as a class of two-dimensional sp2 carbon nanomaterial has attracted tremendous attentions in various fields in the past decade. Graphite 5-13 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 44-47 27759024-7 2016 This work demonstrates that real-time imaging under controlled atmosphere is a powerful method for designing synthesis protocols for sp2 carbon nanostructures in between graphene and graphite. Graphite 170-178 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 133-136 27759024-7 2016 This work demonstrates that real-time imaging under controlled atmosphere is a powerful method for designing synthesis protocols for sp2 carbon nanostructures in between graphene and graphite. Graphite 183-191 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 133-136 23194105-4 2013 Graphene, the last representative of this family of sp2 carbon materials, has already yielded a wealth of hybrid systems. Graphite 0-8 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 52-55 24450435-1 2014 Graphene, the new allotrope of carbon is a single layer of monocrystalline graphite with sp2 hybridized carbon atoms. Graphite 0-8 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 89-92 24030902-2 2013 An unexpected novel hybrid state arising from amorphous carbon-like peripheral structure with high sp(3) /sp(2) carbon ratio in close vicinity of confined graphene-like states is found commonly existent in various carbon nanomaterials, including graphene oxide, graphene quantum dots, and carbon dots. Graphite 155-163 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 106-111 24030902-2 2013 An unexpected novel hybrid state arising from amorphous carbon-like peripheral structure with high sp(3) /sp(2) carbon ratio in close vicinity of confined graphene-like states is found commonly existent in various carbon nanomaterials, including graphene oxide, graphene quantum dots, and carbon dots. Graphite 246-254 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 106-111 26716241-2 2015 Based on the theoretical point of view, graphene is a two-dimensional (2D) crystal structure with sp2 hybridized carbon atoms arrangement and has attracted extensive attention in a considerable number of applications such as solar energy, sensor and energy storage, naming a few. Graphite 40-48 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 98-101 23210633-6 2013 The surfaces of fullerenes and graphene show distinct differences in reactivity because of the high strain of sp2 carbon in fullerenes compared with the complete lack of strain in graphene. Graphite 31-39 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 110-113 23276286-3 2013 Within those forms, graphene can include a single layer, two layers, or <=10 sheets of sp2 carbon atoms. Graphite 20-28 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 90-93 23530467-4 2013 In addition, electron energy loss spectroscopy reveals that the delaminated layer has a similar electronic configuration to purely sp2-hybridized graphene. Graphite 146-154 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 131-134 24033044-2 2013 We present findings which suggest the existence of a new type of defect in the graphite or graphene structure which connects adjacent planes through continuous hexagonal sp2 bonding alone and can form through the aggregation of individual vacancy defects. Graphite 79-87 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 170-173 24033044-2 2013 We present findings which suggest the existence of a new type of defect in the graphite or graphene structure which connects adjacent planes through continuous hexagonal sp2 bonding alone and can form through the aggregation of individual vacancy defects. Graphite 91-99 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 170-173 24010453-2 2013 The surface adsorption of hydrogen induces a hybridization change of carbon from the sp2 to the sp3 bond symmetry, which propagates through the graphene layers, resulting in interlayer carbon bond formation. Graphite 144-152 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 85-88 22990172-1 2012 The switching mechanism in carbon-based resistive-switching random access memory is modelled using a percolation approach built on the low-temperature transition between phases sp(3) (diamond-like and high-resistive state) and sp(2) (graphite-like and low-resistive state) for a matrix of carbon clusters in a diamond-like carbon film. Graphite 234-242 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 227-232 24309588-3 2013 Here we report a facile approach to synthesize tunable graphene quantum dots from various types of coal, and establish that the unique coal structure has an advantage over pure sp2-carbon allotropes for producing quantum dots. Graphite 55-63 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 177-180 24309588-4 2013 The crystalline carbon within the coal structure is easier to oxidatively displace than when pure sp2-carbon structures are used, resulting in nanometre-sized graphene quantum dots with amorphous carbon addends on the edges. Graphite 159-167 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 98-101 22901368-0 2012 Unusual surface and edge morphologies, sp2 to sp3 hybridized transformation and electronic damage after Ar+ ion irradiation of few-layer graphene surfaces. Graphite 137-145 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 39-42 22329428-0 2012 Graphene-on-diamond devices with increased current-carrying capacity: carbon sp2-on-sp3 technology. Graphite 0-8 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 77-80 22898095-2 2012 Spontaneous formation of graphene-like stripes on the reconstructed surface is found to occur as the surface terrace C atoms transform from sp3 to sp2 hybridization upon structural relaxation. Graphite 25-33 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 147-150 23285635-2 2012 Each circular graphene sheet consists of 400 to 1,000,000 atoms confined between the upper and lower sliders and are allowed to move in 3 translational and 1 rotational directions due to thermal motion at 300 K. The sheet-sheet interaction energy is calculated by the sum of the pair potential of the sp2 carbons. Graphite 14-22 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 301-304 18321077-2 2008 By using a combination of accurate first principles calculations on graphene fragments and statistical analysis, I show that both isotropic and dipolar hyperfine interactions in sp2 carbon nanostructures can be accurately described in terms of the local electron spin distribution and atomic structure. Graphite 68-76 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 178-181 26295426-3 2011 The formation energy of hydroxyl pairs with graphene is coverage-dependent, and the most stable structure is half-covered by hydroxyl pairs along zigzag chains with alternative sp2 and sp3 hybridization between carbon atoms. Graphite 44-52 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 177-180 19589997-4 2009 These nonequilibrium structural features are correlated with the direction of change from sp2 [two-dimensional (2D) graphene] to sp3 (3D-diamond) electronic hybridization, and the results are compared with theoretical charge-density calculations. Graphite 116-124 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 90-93 19385255-6 2009 The shift of C (1s) peak position could be ascribed to the chemical bonding between carbon and nitrogen atoms even though more three-fold coordinated sp2 configuration as in graphite was formed when the films were doped with more nitrogen atoms. Graphite 174-182 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 150-153 21602856-2 2011 These engineered nanostructures for organic electronics are based on conjugated systems predominantly made up of sp2-hybridized carbon, such as graphene nanoribbons. Graphite 144-152 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 113-116 19739147-4 2009 Graphene is an excellent electrode material with the advantages of conductivity and electrochemistry of sp2 carbon but without the disadvantages related to carbon nanotubes, such as residual metallic impurities. Graphite 0-8 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 104-107 17465521-2 2007 Both nanotubes and graphite sheets are benzenoid derivatives composed of sp2 carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal pattern. Graphite 19-27 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 73-76 18154315-2 2008 Only the alternating pattern of single-double carbon bonds within the sp2 carbon ribbons provides a satisfactory explanation for the experimentally observed blue shift of the G band of the Raman spectra relative to graphite. Graphite 215-223 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 70-73 16855586-1 2006 Graphene sheets--one-atom-thick two-dimensional layers of sp2-bonded carbon--are predicted to have a range of unusual properties. Graphite 0-8 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 58-61 17430050-4 2007 In addition, the uniqueness of the zigzag-edged graphene nanoribbon is further demonstrated by comparing it with other forms of sp2 carbons, including a graphene sheet, nanotubes, and an armchair-edged graphene nanoribbon. Graphite 48-56 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 128-131 17125318-3 2006 For the basal plane, isolated phenyl groups are predicted to be weakly bonded to the graphene sheet, even though a new single C-C bond is formed between the phenyl group and the basal plane by converting a sp2-carbon in the graphene sheet to sp3. Graphite 224-232 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 206-209 34835646-2 2021 MnO2/extended graphite exhibited an increase in sp2 carbon bonds in comparison with that of extended graphite. Graphite 14-22 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 48-51 14504395-2 2003 Diamond develops tetrahedral sp3 bonds, forming a cubic crystal structure, whereas graphite and fullerenes are characterized by planar sp2 bonds. Graphite 83-91 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 135-138 15852818-5 2005 The characteristic Raman band assigned to sp2 of graphite has been observed at about 1 585 cm(-1) with half-peak width of 22 cm(-1). Graphite 49-57 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 42-45 34805660-1 2021 An intrinsic ion sensitivity exceeding the Nernst-Boltzmann limit and an sp 2 -hybridized carbon structure make graphene a promising channel material for realizing ion-sensitive field-effect transistors with a stable solid-liquid interface under biased conditions in buffered salt solutions. Graphite 112-120 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 73-77 34264536-3 2021 The model compounds are the hydrogen-terminated diamond and graphene analogs as the typical compounds in the ideal sp3 - and sp2 -environment, respectively. Graphite 60-68 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 125-128 34070648-3 2021 Specific chemical functionalities (-COO, -NH2 and -S) on the thiol precursor (L-cysteine ethyl ester) were clicked directly on the sp2 carbon of graphene framework with grafting density of 1 unit L-cysteine per 113 carbon atoms on graphene. Graphite 145-153 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 131-134 34494043-2 2021 This special phenomenon is explained using the different ratios of graphite-like (sp2) and diamond-like (sp3) bonds and localization length (a0) as well as the density of states at the Fermi-level (N(EF)). Graphite 67-75 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 82-85 34684910-1 2021 Carbon nanomaterials with a different character of the chemical bond-graphene (sp2) and nanodiamond (sp3)-are the building bricks for a new class of all-carbon hybrid nanomaterials, where the two different carbon networks with sp3 and sp2 hybridization coexist, interacting and even transforming into one another. Graphite 69-77 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 79-82 34604658-11 2021 Oxidized domains at the irregular edges of the graphene layers, due to a broken, non-pristine sp2 carbon network, allow for adsorption of polar molecules. Graphite 47-55 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 94-97 34443113-1 2021 Graphene, a two-dimensional nanosheet, is composed of carbon species (sp2 hybridized carbon atoms) and is the center of attention for researchers due to its extraordinary physicochemical (e.g., optical transparency, electrical, thermal conductivity, and mechanical) properties. Graphite 0-8 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 70-73 34684910-5 2021 Furthermore, the two-way sp2 (graphene) to sp3 (diamond surface and nanodiamond) transformations at the nanoscale, essential for innovative fabrication, and stability and chemical reactivity assessment are discussed based on extensive theoretical, computational and experimental studies. Graphite 30-38 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 25-28 34501044-1 2021 Three-dimensional graphene foam (3D-GrFoam) is a highly porous structure and sustained lattice formed by graphene layers with sp2 and sp3 hybridized carbon. Graphite 18-26 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 126-129 34163705-1 2021 Noncovalent pi stacking of aromatic molecules is a universal form of noncovalent interactions normally occurring on planar structures (such as aromatic molecules and graphene) based on sp2-hybridized atoms. Graphite 166-174 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 185-188 34068529-1 2021 Graphene is a two-dimensional sp2 hybridized carbon material that has attracted tremendous attention for its stimuli-responsive applications, owing to its high surface area and excellent electrical, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties. Graphite 0-8 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 30-33 35190130-2 2022 We found that the sp3-hybridized carbon and nitrogen atoms were more susceptible to be etched than the sp2-hybridized atoms, resulting in the decrease of amorphous and the formation of more graphene edges. Graphite 190-198 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 103-106 35445232-0 2022 sp2-to-sp3 transitions in graphite during cold-compression. Graphite 26-34 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 0-3 35445232-1 2022 Pressure-induced sp2-to-sp3 transitions in graphite have been studied for decades by experiments and simulations. Graphite 43-51 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 17-20 35634268-2 2022 These problematic concerns are derived from the complex nature of graphene in the family of sp2-carbon nanoallotropes. Graphite 66-74 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 92-95 35558842-5 2022 Initially, the outermost layer of adventitious carbon is removed and sp2 layers of graphite are damaged in the oxidative atmosphere, which enhances the electrocatalytic activity by introducing small pores with sharp edges. Graphite 83-91 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 69-72 35178779-1 2022 Solution-processed, large-area, and flexible electronics largely relies on the excellent electronic properties of sp2 -hybridized carbon molecules, either in the form of pi-conjugated small molecules and polymers or graphene and carbon nanotubes. Graphite 216-224 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 114-117 35175615-1 2022 Graphene is sp2-hybridized carbon structure-based two-dimensional (2D) sheet. Graphite 0-8 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 12-15 35039802-1 2022 Graphene is a two-dimensional material with sp2 hybridization that has found its broad-spectrum potentialities in various domains like electronics, robotics, aeronautics, etc. Graphite 0-8 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 44-47