PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 19610047-4 2009 New results indicate that the methylxanthine caffeine--a major component of coffee and the most widely consumed pharmacologically active substance in the world--might be responsible for this phenomenon, because it inhibits the synthesis of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) in liver parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells, primarily by inducing degradation of Smad2 (and to a much lesser extent Smad3) and thus impairment of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signaling. methylxanthine 30-44 SMAD family member 2 Homo sapiens 368-373