PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text		comp_official_name	comp_offsetprotein_name	organism	prot_offset
23560894-3	2013	Because catabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; i.e., valine, isoleucine, and leucine) leads to glucose and energy metabolism, and neurotransmitter synthesis and availability, we investigated BCAA metabolites in plasma samples collected within 24 h of injury from mild TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] score >12), severe TBI (GCS <=8), orthopedic injury, and healthy volunteers.	Leucine	74-81	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	50-54	
25674427-8	2014	The rate of decline among peak plasma BCAA concentrations was the highest for leucine, followed by isoleucine and valine.	Leucine	78-85	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	38-42	
14684173-1	2004	Branched-chain amino acid (BCAA: Leu, Ile, and Val) mixture has been used for treatment of hypoalbuminemia in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis in Japan.	Leucine	33-36	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	27-31	
22189890-1	2012	Changes in plasma aromatic amino acids (AAA = phenylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine) and branched chain amino acids (BCAA = isoleucine, leucine, valine) levels possibly influencing intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral oxygen consumption (SjvO(2)) were investigated in 19 sedated patients up to 14 days following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).	Leucine	125-132	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	115-119	
21169225-1	2011	Beneficial effects on body weight of supplementation with BCAA, including leucine, isoleucine, and valine, have been observed in animal and human studies.	Leucine	74-81	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	58-62	
19015870-4	2009	Following both leucine and BCAA ingestion the peak concentration of leucine was similar at rest (524 +/- 46 and 530 +/- 29 nmol/ml, respectively) and similar after STS (398 +/- 43 and 387 +/- 46 nmol/ml, respectively) but the rest and STS concentrations differed from each other (P < 0.01-0.001).	Leucine	68-75	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	27-31	
19015870-6	2009	For the BCAA treatment the polynomial data showed that the peak concentration of leucine occurred at 72 min at rest and at 78 min in STS (P = 0.067).	Leucine	81-88	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	8-12	
16365098-6	2006	It is likely that this stimulatory effect of essential and BCAA is due to the direct effect of leucine on the initiation of mRNA translation, which is still present in older age, although it appears to be attenuated in aged animals.	Leucine	95-102	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	59-63	
1498455-5	1992	Plasma concentrations of leucine and valine reached high, potentially toxic levels at 15 days when solutions with high BCAA content were used.	Leucine	25-32	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	119-123	
16501446-1	1997	Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA: leucine, isoleucine and valine) are not just structural constituents of proteins, but have ""pharmacologic"" properties, known for several years: BCAA are catabolized mainly in muscle; can be oxidized with energy production, being nitrogen donors for other amino acids; regulate protein synthesis and degradation; modulate metabolism of neuroactive mediators.	Leucine	34-41	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	28-32	
16501446-1	1997	Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA: leucine, isoleucine and valine) are not just structural constituents of proteins, but have ""pharmacologic"" properties, known for several years: BCAA are catabolized mainly in muscle; can be oxidized with energy production, being nitrogen donors for other amino acids; regulate protein synthesis and degradation; modulate metabolism of neuroactive mediators.	Leucine	34-41	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	180-184	
8780046-3	1996	The BCAA amino-transferase reaction also proceeded in the "reverse" direction [alpha-ketoisocaproate (KIC) + glutamate-->leucine + alpha-ketoglutarate].	Leucine	124-131	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	4-8	
8780046-9	1996	The BCAA transaminase mediated not only the bidrectional transfer of amino groups between leucine or valine and glutamate, but also the direct transfer of nitrogen between leucine and valine.	Leucine	90-97	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	4-8	
8780046-9	1996	The BCAA transaminase mediated not only the bidrectional transfer of amino groups between leucine or valine and glutamate, but also the direct transfer of nitrogen between leucine and valine.	Leucine	172-179	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	4-8	
8780046-12	1996	It is suggested that in synaptosomes the BCAA transaminase (a) functions predominantly in the direction of leucine formation and (b) maintains a constant ratio of BCAAs and ketoacids to one other.	Leucine	107-114	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	41-45	
10424848-1	1999	Previous studies indicated that administration of a 1:1:1 mixture of the branched-chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine (BCAA) decreased the response to pain.	Leucine	100-107	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	133-137	
24178641-2	1996	The method allows quantitation of the branched chain amino acids (BCAA"s) such as leucine, isoleucine and valine and of related keto- and hydroxy acids by means of a single spectrum.	Leucine	82-89	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	66-70	
2772920-2	1989	Three branched chain amino acids (BCAA: valine + leucine + isoleucine) were decreased in all three diseases in comparison with controls.	Leucine	49-56	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	34-38	
1710395-9	1991	The increase in leucine clearance was progressively less marked above a mean daily leucine intake rate of 1.4 mumol/kg/min, which also appeared to be the dose level that maximized the acute-phase protein and coagulation effects and reduced proteolysis and urea nitrogen production, suggesting that this is a critical BCAA infusion rate at which an optimum leucine effect occurs.	Leucine	16-23	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	317-321	
2123142-6	1990	The main difference between solutions was in the efflux of BCAA; particularly, val and leu efflux was turned into uptake in the BCAA group.	Leucine	87-90	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	59-63	
2123142-6	1990	The main difference between solutions was in the efflux of BCAA; particularly, val and leu efflux was turned into uptake in the BCAA group.	Leucine	87-90	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	128-132	
34801078-3	2021	A recent study suggested that leucine (Leu), a BCAA, is a key amino acid involved in mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity and mitochondrial function.	Leucine	30-37	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	47-51	
34801078-3	2021	A recent study suggested that leucine (Leu), a BCAA, is a key amino acid involved in mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity and mitochondrial function.	Leucine	39-42	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	47-51	
34830706-5	2021	The BCAA (leucine and valine) were significantly lower in the single and multi-treated T2DM groups compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001) and isoleucine was significantly lower in the single-treated compared to the healthy controls (p = 0.014).	Leucine	10-17	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	4-8	
34603012-6	2021	Mapping of BCAA metabolism was performed using mass spectrometry and enriched (15N) and (13C) isotopes of leucine, isoleucine, and valine in acutely isolated slices of surgically resected cerebral cortical tissue from human brain and in hiPSC-derived brain cells carrying mutations in either amyloid precursor protein (APP) or presenilin-1 (PSEN-1).	Leucine	106-113	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	11-15	
35299066-1	2022	This review provides insight into the effects of the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA: leucine, isoleucine, and valine) on the growth, production performance, immunity, and intestinal health of poultry.	Leucine	87-94	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	81-85	
2495147-4	1989	With BCAA-TPN, leucine and tyrosine flux increased significantly from (mean +/- s.d.)	Leucine	15-22	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	5-13	
2495147-6	1989	Leucine oxidation was significantly higher on BCAA-TPN (24.1 +/- 6.3 on AA versus 68.3 +/- 37.1 mumol kg-1 h-1, P less than 0.025) while tyrosine oxidation was significantly lower (3.7 +/- 1.8 mumol kg-1 h-1 on AA versus 2.5 +/- 2.0 mumol kg-1 h-1 on BCAA-TPN, P less than 0.05).	Leucine	0-7	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	46-54	
2495147-6	1989	Leucine oxidation was significantly higher on BCAA-TPN (24.1 +/- 6.3 on AA versus 68.3 +/- 37.1 mumol kg-1 h-1, P less than 0.025) while tyrosine oxidation was significantly lower (3.7 +/- 1.8 mumol kg-1 h-1 on AA versus 2.5 +/- 2.0 mumol kg-1 h-1 on BCAA-TPN, P less than 0.05).	Leucine	0-7	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	251-259	
2467054-4	1989	Increased concentrations of aromatic amino acids: phenylalanine and tyrosine, and low concentrations of branched-chain amino acids: valine, leucine, and isoleucine were associated with a decrease of Fisher"s index (BCAA/AAA molar ratio) from 3.0 +/- 0.5 (normal) to 2.0 +/- 0.5 which was of high diagnostic and prognostic significance.	Leucine	140-147	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	215-219	
3563885-5	1987	Patients receiving the 45% BCAA solution had significant mean uptake of total BCAA, leucine, and isoleucine compared with results in patients receiving the 25% BCAA solution.	Leucine	84-91	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	27-31	
30734935-7	2019	Plasma levels were particularly low in patients who received amino acid mixtures (AAMs-OAD) and L-isoleucine:L-leucine:L-valine (BCAA) ratio was 1.0:3.0:3.2.	Leucine	101-108	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	129-133	
32960988-1	2021	BACKGROUND: Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA: leucine, isoleucine, and valine) are essential amino acids involved in biological functions of brain development and recently linked with autism.	Leucine	46-53	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	40-44	
6433495-7	1984	Plasma leucine, isoleucine and valine concentrations were also significantly increased with administration of the BCAA enriched solution, whereas plasma levels of glycine, tyrosine and phenylalanine were significantly reduced.	Leucine	7-14	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	114-118	
6661322-4	1983	The three branched chain aminoacids (BCAA = val + leu + isoleu) were reduced by 24% (P less than 0.002) and 37% (P less than 0.001) in the CAH and cirrhosis groups respectively.	Leucine	50-53	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	37-41	
33024201-9	2020	Results for individual BCAA metabolites suggested a modest association for leucine with obesity-related cancers (1.04 [1.00-1.08]), and no association for isoleucine or valine (0.99 [0.95-1.03] and 1.00 [0.96-1.04], respectively).	Leucine	75-82	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	23-27	
33023275-1	2020	Leucine, isoleucine and valine (i.e., the branched chain amino acids, BCAA) play a key role in the support and regulation of tissue protein regulation and also as energy substrates.	Leucine	0-7	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	70-74	
32872742-10	2022	Among the BCAA components, leucine and valine significantly abrogated TGF-beta-induced activation of LX-2 cells.	Leucine	27-34	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	10-14	
32872742-13	2022	Among BCAA components, leucine and valine mainly abrogated TGF-beta-induced activation of HSCs.	Leucine	23-30	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	6-10	
32757125-6	2020	Our analysis indicates a probable enhanced BCAA (leucine, isoleucine, valine) degradation in both VAT from O and PO subjects, while levels of their oxidation products are increased.	Leucine	49-56	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	43-47	
30063118-1	2018	Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA: leucine, isoleucine and valine) are essential amino acids implicated in glucose metabolism and maintenance of correct brain function.	Leucine	34-41	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	28-32	
30563270-10	2018	Nevertheless, our data suggest that only an increase in total BCAA, also richer in single AA leucine, isoleucine, and methionine, is associated with the maintenance and/or increase of SMM.	Leucine	93-100	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	62-66	
28011449-8	2017	The multivariate-adjusted ORs for the highest versus lowest quartiles were 0.60 (95% CI 0.42-0.87, Ptrend = 0.006) for leucine, 0.68 (95% CI 0.48-0.97, Ptrend = 0.09) for valine and 0.68 (95% CI 0.48-0.98, Ptrend = 0.10) for total BCAA.	Leucine	119-126	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	231-235	
25613922-13	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Impaired mTOR1 signaling and increased autophagy in skeletal muscle of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis is acutely reversed by BCAA/LEU.	Leucine	146-149	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	141-145