PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 31131313-2 2019 We recently showed that increased stiffness of extracellular matrix is intrinsically linked to up-regulation of proline synthesis through a mechano-responsive fermitin family homolog 2 (FERMT2, best known as kindlin-2) and pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1(PYCR1) complex, which in turn promotes collagen matrix synthesis, cell proliferation, survival, and cancer progression. Proline 112-119 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 223-258 31108370-0 2019 SIRT3 regulates cancer cell proliferation through deacetylation of PYCR1 in proline metabolism. Proline 76-83 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 67-72 31108370-2 2019 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) participates in proline synthesis process by catalyzing the reduction of P5C to proline with concomitant generation of NAD+ and NADP+. Proline 60-67 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 0-35 31108370-2 2019 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) participates in proline synthesis process by catalyzing the reduction of P5C to proline with concomitant generation of NAD+ and NADP+. Proline 60-67 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 37-42 31108370-2 2019 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) participates in proline synthesis process by catalyzing the reduction of P5C to proline with concomitant generation of NAD+ and NADP+. Proline 124-131 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 0-35 31108370-2 2019 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) participates in proline synthesis process by catalyzing the reduction of P5C to proline with concomitant generation of NAD+ and NADP+. Proline 124-131 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 37-42 31108370-10 2019 Our findings on the regulation of PYCR1 linked proline metabolism with SIRT3, CBP and cell growth, thus providing a potential approach for cancer therapy. Proline 47-54 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 34-39 31131313-2 2019 We recently showed that increased stiffness of extracellular matrix is intrinsically linked to up-regulation of proline synthesis through a mechano-responsive fermitin family homolog 2 (FERMT2, best known as kindlin-2) and pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1(PYCR1) complex, which in turn promotes collagen matrix synthesis, cell proliferation, survival, and cancer progression. Proline 112-119 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 259-264 29648801-3 2018 Proline is synthesized from glutamate or ornithine through GSAL/P5C, which is reduced to proline by P5C reductase (PYCR) in a NAD(P)H-dependent reaction. Proline 89-96 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 59-67 30593514-7 2019 Mechanistically, TAp73 modifies the proline regulatory axis through regulation of enzymes GLS, OAT, and PYCR1 involved in the interconversion of proline-glutamine-ornithine. Proline 36-43 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 104-109 30593514-7 2019 Mechanistically, TAp73 modifies the proline regulatory axis through regulation of enzymes GLS, OAT, and PYCR1 involved in the interconversion of proline-glutamine-ornithine. Proline 145-152 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 104-109 30783087-2 2019 We show here that a fraction of kindlin-2 localizes to mitochondria and interacts with pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1), a key enzyme for proline synthesis. Proline 149-156 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 87-122 30783087-2 2019 We show here that a fraction of kindlin-2 localizes to mitochondria and interacts with pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1), a key enzyme for proline synthesis. Proline 149-156 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 124-129 30783087-3 2019 Extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffening promotes kindlin-2 translocation into mitochondria and its interaction with PYCR1, resulting in elevation of PYCR1 level and consequent increase of proline synthesis and cell proliferation. Proline 186-193 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 114-119 30783087-7 2019 Our findings reveal a mechanoresponsive kindlin-2-PYCR1 complex that links mechano-environment to proline metabolism and signaling, and suggest a strategy to inhibit tumor growth. Proline 98-105 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 50-55 29648801-2 2018 Proline biosynthesis and degradation involve the shared intermediate Delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C), which forms l-glutamate-gamma-semialdehyde (GSAL) in a reversible non-enzymatic reaction. Proline 0-7 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 75-99 29648801-2 2018 Proline biosynthesis and degradation involve the shared intermediate Delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C), which forms l-glutamate-gamma-semialdehyde (GSAL) in a reversible non-enzymatic reaction. Proline 0-7 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 101-104 29648801-3 2018 Proline is synthesized from glutamate or ornithine through GSAL/P5C, which is reduced to proline by P5C reductase (PYCR) in a NAD(P)H-dependent reaction. Proline 0-7 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 59-67 29648801-3 2018 Proline is synthesized from glutamate or ornithine through GSAL/P5C, which is reduced to proline by P5C reductase (PYCR) in a NAD(P)H-dependent reaction. Proline 0-7 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 64-67 29648801-3 2018 Proline is synthesized from glutamate or ornithine through GSAL/P5C, which is reduced to proline by P5C reductase (PYCR) in a NAD(P)H-dependent reaction. Proline 0-7 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 115-119 29648801-3 2018 Proline is synthesized from glutamate or ornithine through GSAL/P5C, which is reduced to proline by P5C reductase (PYCR) in a NAD(P)H-dependent reaction. Proline 89-96 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 64-67 29648801-3 2018 Proline is synthesized from glutamate or ornithine through GSAL/P5C, which is reduced to proline by P5C reductase (PYCR) in a NAD(P)H-dependent reaction. Proline 89-96 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 115-119 29648801-6 2018 PRODH and PYCR form a metabolic relationship known as the proline-P5C cycle, a novel pathway that impacts cellular growth and death pathways. Proline 58-65 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 10-14 29648801-6 2018 PRODH and PYCR form a metabolic relationship known as the proline-P5C cycle, a novel pathway that impacts cellular growth and death pathways. Proline 58-65 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 66-69 29648801-7 2018 The proline-P5C cycle has been implicated in supporting ATP production, protein and nucleotide synthesis, anaplerosis, and redox homeostasis in cancer cells. Proline 4-11 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 12-15 29648801-8 2018 This Perspective details the structures and reaction mechanisms of PRODH and PYCR and the role of the proline-P5C cycle in cancer metabolism. Proline 102-109 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 110-113 29648801-9 2018 A major challenge in the field is to discover inhibitors that specifically target PRODH and PYCR isoforms for use as tools for studying proline metabolism and the functions of the proline-P5C cycle in cancer. Proline 136-143 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 92-96 29648801-9 2018 A major challenge in the field is to discover inhibitors that specifically target PRODH and PYCR isoforms for use as tools for studying proline metabolism and the functions of the proline-P5C cycle in cancer. Proline 180-187 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 188-191 29648801-10 2018 These molecular probes could also serve as lead compounds in cancer drug discovery targeting the proline-P5C cycle. Proline 97-104 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 105-108 29403556-2 2018 Proline metabolism is of critical importance for tumor cells, and pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1), a key proline biosynthesis enzyme, has been reported to be overexpressed in prostate cancer and to promote tumor cell growth in breast cancer. Proline 0-7 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 103-108 29562167-0 2018 Oncogenic IDH1 Mutations Promote Enhanced Proline Synthesis through PYCR1 to Support the Maintenance of Mitochondrial Redox Homeostasis. Proline 42-49 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 68-73 29562167-4 2018 By virtue of a change in cellular redox homeostasis, IDH1-mutated cells synthesize excess glutamine-derived proline through enhanced activity of pyrroline 5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1), coupled to NADH oxidation. Proline 108-115 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 145-180 29562167-4 2018 By virtue of a change in cellular redox homeostasis, IDH1-mutated cells synthesize excess glutamine-derived proline through enhanced activity of pyrroline 5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1), coupled to NADH oxidation. Proline 108-115 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 182-187 29403556-2 2018 Proline metabolism is of critical importance for tumor cells, and pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1), a key proline biosynthesis enzyme, has been reported to be overexpressed in prostate cancer and to promote tumor cell growth in breast cancer. Proline 117-124 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 66-101 29403556-2 2018 Proline metabolism is of critical importance for tumor cells, and pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1), a key proline biosynthesis enzyme, has been reported to be overexpressed in prostate cancer and to promote tumor cell growth in breast cancer. Proline 117-124 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 103-108 27677826-1 2017 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR) encoded by PYCR1 gene is a housekeeping enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of P5C to proline using NAD(P)H as the cofactor. Proline 127-134 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 0-33 27677826-1 2017 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR) encoded by PYCR1 gene is a housekeeping enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of P5C to proline using NAD(P)H as the cofactor. Proline 127-134 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 35-39 27677826-1 2017 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR) encoded by PYCR1 gene is a housekeeping enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of P5C to proline using NAD(P)H as the cofactor. Proline 127-134 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 52-57 27677826-1 2017 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR) encoded by PYCR1 gene is a housekeeping enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of P5C to proline using NAD(P)H as the cofactor. Proline 127-134 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 35-38 28194412-1 2017 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR1) is a universal housekeeping enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of Delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) to proline with concomitant oxidation of NAD(P)H to NAD(P)+. Proline 149-156 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 115-139 28258219-0 2017 Resolving the cofactor-binding site in the proline biosynthetic enzyme human pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1. Proline 43-50 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 77-112 28258219-1 2017 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (PYCR) is the final enzyme in proline biosynthesis, catalyzing the NAD(P)H-dependent reduction of Delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) to proline. Proline 64-71 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 0-33 28258219-1 2017 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (PYCR) is the final enzyme in proline biosynthesis, catalyzing the NAD(P)H-dependent reduction of Delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) to proline. Proline 64-71 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 35-39 28258219-1 2017 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (PYCR) is the final enzyme in proline biosynthesis, catalyzing the NAD(P)H-dependent reduction of Delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) to proline. Proline 64-71 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 138-162 28258219-1 2017 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (PYCR) is the final enzyme in proline biosynthesis, catalyzing the NAD(P)H-dependent reduction of Delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) to proline. Proline 64-71 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 164-167 28258219-1 2017 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (PYCR) is the final enzyme in proline biosynthesis, catalyzing the NAD(P)H-dependent reduction of Delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) to proline. Proline 172-179 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 0-33 28258219-1 2017 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (PYCR) is the final enzyme in proline biosynthesis, catalyzing the NAD(P)H-dependent reduction of Delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) to proline. Proline 172-179 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 35-39 28258219-1 2017 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (PYCR) is the final enzyme in proline biosynthesis, catalyzing the NAD(P)H-dependent reduction of Delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) to proline. Proline 172-179 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 138-162 28258219-1 2017 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (PYCR) is the final enzyme in proline biosynthesis, catalyzing the NAD(P)H-dependent reduction of Delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) to proline. Proline 172-179 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 164-167 28258219-6 2017 Structures of binary complexes of PYCR1 with NADPH or proline determined at 1.9 A resolution provide insight into cofactor and substrate recognition. Proline 54-61 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 34-39 28258219-8 2017 The 1.85 A resolution structure of a ternary complex containing NADPH and a P5C/proline analog provides a model of the Michaelis complex formed during hydride transfer. Proline 80-87 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 76-79 28379297-1 2017 Human mitochondrial pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (PYCR) is a house-keeping enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of Delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate to proline. Proline 153-160 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 20-53 28379297-1 2017 Human mitochondrial pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (PYCR) is a house-keeping enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of Delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate to proline. Proline 153-160 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 55-59 28194412-1 2017 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR1) is a universal housekeeping enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of Delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) to proline with concomitant oxidation of NAD(P)H to NAD(P)+. Proline 149-156 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 35-38 28194412-2 2017 The enzymatic cycle between P5C and proline is important for function in amino acid metabolism, apoptosis, and intracellular redox potential balance in mitochondria. Proline 36-43 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 28-31 26878238-9 2016 As for asparagine, this observation was linked to high levels of PYCR1, a key enzyme in proline production, suggesting a compensatory mechanism allowing tumour expansion. Proline 88-95 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 65-70 26878238-10 2016 Indeed, PYCR1 is induced by shortage of proline precursors, and its suppression attenuated kidney cancer cell proliferation when proline was limiting. Proline 40-47 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 8-13 26878238-10 2016 Indeed, PYCR1 is induced by shortage of proline precursors, and its suppression attenuated kidney cancer cell proliferation when proline was limiting. Proline 129-136 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 8-13 26598224-5 2015 Addition of Delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) or proline reverses the effects of P5C synthase knockdown but not P5C reductases knockdown. Proline 54-61 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 86-89 26598224-5 2015 Addition of Delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) or proline reverses the effects of P5C synthase knockdown but not P5C reductases knockdown. Proline 54-61 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 86-89 22615405-3 2012 Less well-recognized, glutamate can also be converted to proline through Delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) and vice versa. Proline 57-64 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 73-105 26284089-4 2015 The terminal step of both pathways, the conversion of delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) to L-proline, is catalyzed by P5C reductase (P5CR) using NADH or NADPH as a cofactor. Proline 96-105 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 54-86 26284089-4 2015 The terminal step of both pathways, the conversion of delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) to L-proline, is catalyzed by P5C reductase (P5CR) using NADH or NADPH as a cofactor. Proline 96-105 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 88-91 26284089-4 2015 The terminal step of both pathways, the conversion of delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) to L-proline, is catalyzed by P5C reductase (P5CR) using NADH or NADPH as a cofactor. Proline 96-105 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 123-136 26284089-4 2015 The terminal step of both pathways, the conversion of delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) to L-proline, is catalyzed by P5C reductase (P5CR) using NADH or NADPH as a cofactor. Proline 96-105 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 138-142 26320891-2 2015 They are caused by biallelic mutations in PYCR1 or ALDH18A1, encoding pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 and pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS), respectively, which both operate in the mitochondrial proline cycle. Proline 205-212 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 42-47 26320891-2 2015 They are caused by biallelic mutations in PYCR1 or ALDH18A1, encoding pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 and pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS), respectively, which both operate in the mitochondrial proline cycle. Proline 205-212 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 70-105 24930674-8 2014 The peptide mass fingerprinting technique demonstrated that ORAOV1 bound to pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (PYCR), which is associated with proline metabolism and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Proline 143-150 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 76-109 24930674-8 2014 The peptide mass fingerprinting technique demonstrated that ORAOV1 bound to pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (PYCR), which is associated with proline metabolism and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Proline 143-150 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 111-115 24431009-3 2014 We here present evidence that PYCR1 is indeed able to produce L-pipecolic acid from P6C preparations, and the observed K m for this conversion is of the same magnitude as the K m described for the conversion of P5C to L-proline by PYCR1. Proline 218-227 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 30-35 24431009-3 2014 We here present evidence that PYCR1 is indeed able to produce L-pipecolic acid from P6C preparations, and the observed K m for this conversion is of the same magnitude as the K m described for the conversion of P5C to L-proline by PYCR1. Proline 218-227 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 231-236 24035636-1 2013 Autosomal recessive cutis laxa type 2B (ARCL2B; OMIM # 612940) is a segmental progeroid disorder caused by mutations in PYCR1 encoding pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1, which is part of the conserved proline de novo synthesis pathway. Proline 203-210 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 0-38 24035636-1 2013 Autosomal recessive cutis laxa type 2B (ARCL2B; OMIM # 612940) is a segmental progeroid disorder caused by mutations in PYCR1 encoding pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1, which is part of the conserved proline de novo synthesis pathway. Proline 203-210 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 40-46 24035636-1 2013 Autosomal recessive cutis laxa type 2B (ARCL2B; OMIM # 612940) is a segmental progeroid disorder caused by mutations in PYCR1 encoding pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1, which is part of the conserved proline de novo synthesis pathway. Proline 203-210 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 120-125 24035636-1 2013 Autosomal recessive cutis laxa type 2B (ARCL2B; OMIM # 612940) is a segmental progeroid disorder caused by mutations in PYCR1 encoding pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1, which is part of the conserved proline de novo synthesis pathway. Proline 203-210 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 135-170 23743200-3 2013 Among the candidates for DJ-1-partner proteins detected in TOF-MAS analyses of the cellular proteins co-immunoprecipitated with DJ-1, we focused here pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1, PYCR1, a final key enzyme for proline biosynthesis. Proline 217-224 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 150-185 23041351-7 2013 Moreover, transcriptional analysis of polyamine and proline metabolism genes (P5CS, P5CR, ADC, SPMS, SPDS, SAMDC, PAO, DAO) further supported the obtained data and revealed a complex SNP concentration-, time-, and developmental stage-dependent mechanism controlling endogenous proline and polyamine metabolite production. Proline 52-59 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 84-88 23373819-1 2013 A recent ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) study of the nonapeptide bradykinin (BK, amino acid sequence Arg(1)-Pro(2)-Pro(3)-Gly(4)-Phe(5)-Ser(6)-Pro(7)-Phe(8)-Arg(9)) found evidence for 10 populations of conformations that depend upon the solution composition [J. Proline 116-119 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 123-128 21744012-2 2012 In both prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms, unless an ornithine cyclodeaminase is present, the activity of delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) reductase is mandatory to proline production, and the enzyme inhibition should result in amino acid starvation, blocking in turn protein synthesis. Proline 177-184 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 146-149 22615405-10 2012 Interestingly, MYC not only inhibited POX/PRODH, but also markedly increased the enzymes of proline biosynthesis from glutamine, including P5C synthase and P5C reductase 1. Proline 92-99 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 156-171 22201749-4 2012 Recent structural and kinetic evidence indicate substrate channeling of P5C/GSA occurs in the proline catabolic pathway between the proline dehydrogenase and P5C dehydrogenase active sites of bifunctional proline utilization A (PutA). Proline 94-101 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 72-79 22201749-4 2012 Recent structural and kinetic evidence indicate substrate channeling of P5C/GSA occurs in the proline catabolic pathway between the proline dehydrogenase and P5C dehydrogenase active sites of bifunctional proline utilization A (PutA). Proline 132-139 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 72-79 22201749-8 2012 Because of the unfavorable equilibrium of P5C/GSA and the reactivity of gamma-glutamyl phosphate, substrate channeling likely improves the efficiency of proline metabolism. Proline 153-160 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 42-49 19576563-11 2009 PYCR1 plays a critical role in proline biosynthesis. Proline 31-38 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 23024808-3 2012 Proline is synthesized from either glutamate or ornithine; both are converted to pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C), and then to proline via pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductases (PYCRs). Proline 0-7 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 106-109 23024808-3 2012 Proline is synthesized from either glutamate or ornithine; both are converted to pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C), and then to proline via pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductases (PYCRs). Proline 0-7 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 81-104 23024808-5 2012 Based on these studies we conclude that PYCR1 and PYCR2, which are localized in the mitochondria, are primarily involved in conversion of glutamate to proline. Proline 151-158 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 40-45 21487760-1 2011 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) catalyzes the last step in proline synthesis. Proline 71-78 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 0-35 21487760-1 2011 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) catalyzes the last step in proline synthesis. Proline 71-78 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 37-42 19576563-12 2009 Pathogenicity of the genetic variant in PYCR1 is likely, given that a similar clinical phenotype has been documented for mutation carriers of another proline biosynthetic enzyme, pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase. Proline 150-157 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 40-45 18794809-1 2008 Proline oxidase (POX), a flavoenzyme localized at the inner mitochondrial membrane, catalyzes the first step of proline degradation by converting proline to pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C). Proline 112-119 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 182-185 18506409-1 2008 Proline metabolism in mammals involves two other amino acids, glutamate and ornithine, and five enzymatic activities, Delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) reductase (P5CR), proline oxidase, P5C dehydrogenase, P5C synthase and ornithine-delta-aminotransferase (OAT). Proline 0-7 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 168-172 18401542-1 2008 Mammalian Delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS) is a bifunctional ATP- and NAD(P)H-dependent mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the coupled phosphorylation and reduction-conversion of L: -glutamate to P5C, a pivotal step in the biosynthesis of L: -proline, L: -ornithine and L: -arginine. Proline 256-267 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 53-56 23105736-1 2008 Currently available method(s) for assaying pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C), an important intermediate metabolite of ornithine, proline and glutamate metabolic pathways, are cumbersome or not sensitive enough for microanalysis. Proline 125-132 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 68-71 18806115-4 2008 The intestine expresses pyrroline 5-carboxylate (P5C) synthase, which means that proline is an end product of intestinal glutamine catabolism. Proline 81-88 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 24-47 18806115-4 2008 The intestine expresses pyrroline 5-carboxylate (P5C) synthase, which means that proline is an end product of intestinal glutamine catabolism. Proline 81-88 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 49-52 18806117-1 2008 l-Proline concentration is primarily related to the balance of enzymatic activities of proline dehydrogenase [proline oxidase (POX)] and Delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) reductase. Proline 0-9 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 137-168 18806117-1 2008 l-Proline concentration is primarily related to the balance of enzymatic activities of proline dehydrogenase [proline oxidase (POX)] and Delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) reductase. Proline 0-9 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 170-173 18806117-2 2008 As a result, P5C plays a pivotal role in maintaining the concentration of proline in body fluids and inborn errors of P5C metabolism lead to disturbance of proline metabolism. Proline 74-81 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 13-16 18806117-2 2008 As a result, P5C plays a pivotal role in maintaining the concentration of proline in body fluids and inborn errors of P5C metabolism lead to disturbance of proline metabolism. Proline 156-163 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 13-16 18806117-2 2008 As a result, P5C plays a pivotal role in maintaining the concentration of proline in body fluids and inborn errors of P5C metabolism lead to disturbance of proline metabolism. Proline 156-163 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 118-121 18806120-1 2008 The cellular metabolism of glutamine and proline are closely interrelated, because they can be interconverted with glutamate and ornithine via the mitochondrial pathway involving pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C). Proline 41-48 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 204-207 18806120-2 2008 In adults, glutamine and proline are converted via P5C to citrulline in the gut, then citrulline is converted to arginine in the kidney. Proline 25-32 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 51-54 16600630-1 2006 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR) catalyzes the reduction of Delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) to proline with concomitant oxidation of NAD(P)H to NAD(P)(+). Proline 108-115 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 0-33 18036351-6 2008 In contrast, overexpression of the proline biosynthetic enzymes Delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) synthetase (P5CS) and P5C reductase (P5CR) resulted in 2-fold higher proline content, significantly lower ROS levels, and increased cell survival relative to control cells. Proline 35-42 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 125-138 18036351-6 2008 In contrast, overexpression of the proline biosynthetic enzymes Delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) synthetase (P5CS) and P5C reductase (P5CR) resulted in 2-fold higher proline content, significantly lower ROS levels, and increased cell survival relative to control cells. Proline 35-42 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 140-144 18036351-6 2008 In contrast, overexpression of the proline biosynthetic enzymes Delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) synthetase (P5CS) and P5C reductase (P5CR) resulted in 2-fold higher proline content, significantly lower ROS levels, and increased cell survival relative to control cells. Proline 172-179 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 125-138 18036351-6 2008 In contrast, overexpression of the proline biosynthetic enzymes Delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) synthetase (P5CS) and P5C reductase (P5CR) resulted in 2-fold higher proline content, significantly lower ROS levels, and increased cell survival relative to control cells. Proline 172-179 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 140-144 18036351-7 2008 In different mammalian cell lines exposed to physiological H(2)O(2) levels, increased endogenous P5CS and P5CR expression was observed, indicating that upregulation of proline biosynthesis is an oxidative stress response. Proline 168-175 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 106-110 17673295-6 2008 It was significant that the FcgammaRIIa consensus peptide sequence contained a Proline (Pro3), which when substituted with alanine abrogated FcgammaRIIa binding, consistent with Pro3 contributing to receptor binding. Proline 79-86 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 88-92 17673295-6 2008 It was significant that the FcgammaRIIa consensus peptide sequence contained a Proline (Pro3), which when substituted with alanine abrogated FcgammaRIIa binding, consistent with Pro3 contributing to receptor binding. Proline 79-86 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 178-182 16874462-1 2007 Proline oxidase (POX), a mitochondrial inner-membrane protein, catalyzes the rate-limiting oxidation of proline to pyrroline- 5-carboxylate (P5C). Proline 104-111 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 141-144 16600630-1 2006 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR) catalyzes the reduction of Delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) to proline with concomitant oxidation of NAD(P)H to NAD(P)(+). Proline 108-115 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 35-39 16600630-1 2006 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR) catalyzes the reduction of Delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) to proline with concomitant oxidation of NAD(P)H to NAD(P)(+). Proline 108-115 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 74-98 16600630-1 2006 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR) catalyzes the reduction of Delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) to proline with concomitant oxidation of NAD(P)H to NAD(P)(+). Proline 108-115 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 35-38 16600630-2 2006 The enzymatic cycle between P5C and proline is very important in many physiological and pathological processes. Proline 36-43 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 28-31 34291342-1 2021 Delta1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) reductase (PYCR or P5CR) catalyzes the conversion of P5C to L-proline (Pro) with concomitant oxidation of a cofactor, NADPH or NADH. Proline 108-111 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 0-30 16233902-3 2005 In both pathways, the last step of biosynthesis, the conversion of delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) to L-proline, is catalyzed by delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR) using NAD(P)H as a cofactor. Proline 107-116 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 67-97 16233902-3 2005 In both pathways, the last step of biosynthesis, the conversion of delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) to L-proline, is catalyzed by delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR) using NAD(P)H as a cofactor. Proline 107-116 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 99-102 16233902-3 2005 In both pathways, the last step of biosynthesis, the conversion of delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) to L-proline, is catalyzed by delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR) using NAD(P)H as a cofactor. Proline 107-116 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 134-174 16233902-3 2005 In both pathways, the last step of biosynthesis, the conversion of delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) to L-proline, is catalyzed by delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR) using NAD(P)H as a cofactor. Proline 107-116 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 176-180 8645165-6 1996 The cis:trans ratio for each proline in water, calculated from integrated intensities and/or peak heights of the appropriate resonances, were Phe2-Pro3 (35:65), Pro3-Pro4 (40:60), Val5-Pro6 (70:30), and Gly7-Pro8 (30:70). Proline 29-36 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 147-151 8645165-6 1996 The cis:trans ratio for each proline in water, calculated from integrated intensities and/or peak heights of the appropriate resonances, were Phe2-Pro3 (35:65), Pro3-Pro4 (40:60), Val5-Pro6 (70:30), and Gly7-Pro8 (30:70). Proline 29-36 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 161-165 8054469-8 1994 The NOESY experiment shows two new important cross peaks for one conformation, namely Pro2 (alpha)-Pro3 (alpha) and the Pro2 (alpha)-Gly4(NH), indicating a cis Pro2-Pro3 bond and a type VI beta-turn between residues Arg1 and Gly4 involving cis proline at position 3, respectively. Proline 244-251 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 99-103 8054469-8 1994 The NOESY experiment shows two new important cross peaks for one conformation, namely Pro2 (alpha)-Pro3 (alpha) and the Pro2 (alpha)-Gly4(NH), indicating a cis Pro2-Pro3 bond and a type VI beta-turn between residues Arg1 and Gly4 involving cis proline at position 3, respectively. Proline 244-251 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 165-169 33771508-1 2021 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (PYCR in humans) catalyzes the final step of l-proline biosynthesis by catalyzing the reduction of L-Delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (L-P5C) to l-proline using NAD(P)H as the hydride donor. Proline 79-88 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 35-39 33771508-1 2021 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (PYCR in humans) catalyzes the final step of l-proline biosynthesis by catalyzing the reduction of L-Delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (L-P5C) to l-proline using NAD(P)H as the hydride donor. Proline 177-186 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 35-39 33761308-2 2021 We show here that the levels of kindlin-2 and its binding partner PYCR1, a key enzyme for proline synthesis, are significantly increased in the lung tissues of human patients with pulmonary fibrosis. Proline 90-97 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 66-71 33761308-3 2021 Treatment of human lung fibroblasts with TGF-beta1 markedly increased the expression of kindlin-2 and PYCR1, resulting in increased kindlin-2 mitochondrial translocation, formation of the kindlin-2-PYCR1 complex and proline synthesis. Proline 216-223 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 102-107 34273023-0 2021 PYCR, a key enzyme in proline metabolism, functions in tumorigenesis. Proline 22-29 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 34273023-1 2021 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (PYCR), the last enzyme in proline synthesis that converts P5C into proline, was found promoting cancer growth and inhibiting apoptosis through multiple approaches, including regulating cell cycle and redox homeostasis, and promoting growth signaling pathways. Proline 61-68 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 0-33 34273023-1 2021 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (PYCR), the last enzyme in proline synthesis that converts P5C into proline, was found promoting cancer growth and inhibiting apoptosis through multiple approaches, including regulating cell cycle and redox homeostasis, and promoting growth signaling pathways. Proline 61-68 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 35-39 34273023-1 2021 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (PYCR), the last enzyme in proline synthesis that converts P5C into proline, was found promoting cancer growth and inhibiting apoptosis through multiple approaches, including regulating cell cycle and redox homeostasis, and promoting growth signaling pathways. Proline 102-109 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 0-33 34273023-1 2021 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (PYCR), the last enzyme in proline synthesis that converts P5C into proline, was found promoting cancer growth and inhibiting apoptosis through multiple approaches, including regulating cell cycle and redox homeostasis, and promoting growth signaling pathways. Proline 102-109 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 35-39 34291342-1 2021 Delta1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) reductase (PYCR or P5CR) catalyzes the conversion of P5C to L-proline (Pro) with concomitant oxidation of a cofactor, NADPH or NADH. Proline 97-106 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 0-30 34291342-1 2021 Delta1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) reductase (PYCR or P5CR) catalyzes the conversion of P5C to L-proline (Pro) with concomitant oxidation of a cofactor, NADPH or NADH. Proline 97-106 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 32-35 34291342-1 2021 Delta1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) reductase (PYCR or P5CR) catalyzes the conversion of P5C to L-proline (Pro) with concomitant oxidation of a cofactor, NADPH or NADH. Proline 97-106 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 48-52 34291342-1 2021 Delta1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) reductase (PYCR or P5CR) catalyzes the conversion of P5C to L-proline (Pro) with concomitant oxidation of a cofactor, NADPH or NADH. Proline 97-106 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 56-60 34291342-1 2021 Delta1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) reductase (PYCR or P5CR) catalyzes the conversion of P5C to L-proline (Pro) with concomitant oxidation of a cofactor, NADPH or NADH. Proline 97-106 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 90-93 16730026-1 2006 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR) is a universal housekeeping enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of Delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) to proline using NAD(P)H as the cofactor. Proline 150-157 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 0-33 16730026-1 2006 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR) is a universal housekeeping enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of Delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) to proline using NAD(P)H as the cofactor. Proline 150-157 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 35-39 16730026-1 2006 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR) is a universal housekeeping enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of Delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) to proline using NAD(P)H as the cofactor. Proline 150-157 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 108-140 16233902-8 2005 Comparison of the native structure of P5CR to structures complexed with L-proline and NADP+ in two quite different primary sequence backgrounds provides unique information about key functional features: the active site and the catalytic mechanism. Proline 72-81 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 38-42 11532180-1 2001 Delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C), an intermediate in biosynthesis and degradation of proline (Pro), is assumed to play a role in cell death in plants and animals. Proline 89-96 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 0-30 11532180-1 2001 Delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C), an intermediate in biosynthesis and degradation of proline (Pro), is assumed to play a role in cell death in plants and animals. Proline 89-96 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 32-35 11532180-1 2001 Delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C), an intermediate in biosynthesis and degradation of proline (Pro), is assumed to play a role in cell death in plants and animals. Proline 98-101 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 0-30 11532180-1 2001 Delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C), an intermediate in biosynthesis and degradation of proline (Pro), is assumed to play a role in cell death in plants and animals. Proline 98-101 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 32-35 11532180-2 2001 Toxicity of external Pro and P5C supply to Arabidopsis suggested that P5C dehydrogenase (P5CDH; EC 1.2.1.12) plays a crucial role in this process by degrading the toxic Pro catabolism intermediate P5C. Proline 21-24 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 70-73 34291342-1 2021 Delta1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) reductase (PYCR or P5CR) catalyzes the conversion of P5C to L-proline (Pro) with concomitant oxidation of a cofactor, NADPH or NADH. Proline 108-111 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 32-35 34291342-1 2021 Delta1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) reductase (PYCR or P5CR) catalyzes the conversion of P5C to L-proline (Pro) with concomitant oxidation of a cofactor, NADPH or NADH. Proline 108-111 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 48-52 34291342-1 2021 Delta1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) reductase (PYCR or P5CR) catalyzes the conversion of P5C to L-proline (Pro) with concomitant oxidation of a cofactor, NADPH or NADH. Proline 108-111 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 56-60 34291342-1 2021 Delta1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) reductase (PYCR or P5CR) catalyzes the conversion of P5C to L-proline (Pro) with concomitant oxidation of a cofactor, NADPH or NADH. Proline 108-111 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 90-93 34390414-5 2021 Proline can be synthesized by aldehyde dehydrogenase family 18 member A1 (ALDH18A1) and delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (PYCR), up-regulating ALDH18A1 and PYCR can promote the proliferation and invasion of cancer cells. Proline 0-7 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 88-128 34390414-5 2021 Proline can be synthesized by aldehyde dehydrogenase family 18 member A1 (ALDH18A1) and delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (PYCR), up-regulating ALDH18A1 and PYCR can promote the proliferation and invasion of cancer cells. Proline 0-7 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 130-134 34390414-5 2021 Proline can be synthesized by aldehyde dehydrogenase family 18 member A1 (ALDH18A1) and delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (PYCR), up-regulating ALDH18A1 and PYCR can promote the proliferation and invasion of cancer cells. Proline 0-7 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 164-168 34107832-1 2021 In certain cancers, such as breast, prostate and some lung and skin cancers, the gene for the enzyme catalysing the second and last step in proline synthesis, delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) reductase, has been found upregulated. Proline 140-147 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 159-189 34107832-2 2021 This leads to a higher proline content that exacerbates the effects of the so-called proline-P5C cycle, with tumour cells effectively using this method to increase cell survival. Proline 23-30 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 93-96 34107832-2 2021 This leads to a higher proline content that exacerbates the effects of the so-called proline-P5C cycle, with tumour cells effectively using this method to increase cell survival. Proline 85-92 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 93-96 34107832-6 2021 The actual occurrence in vivo of enzyme inhibition was assessed on myelogenous erythroleukemic K562 and epithelial breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell lines, whose growth was progressively impaired by concentrations of the dibromo derivative ranging from 10-6 to 10-4 M. Interestingly, growth inhibition was not relieved by the exogenous supply of proline, suggesting that the effect relies on the interference with the proline-P5C cycle, and not on proline starvation. Proline 414-421 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 422-425 35130302-2 2022 The last step in the proline biosynthesis pathway is catalyzed by pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (PYCR) enzymes. Proline 21-28 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 66-99 34769188-0 2021 P5C as an Interface of Proline Interconvertible Amino Acids and Its Role in Regulation of Cell Survival and Apoptosis. Proline 23-30 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 34769188-3 2021 One of the important mediators in energy production and interconversion of carbons in the cell is Delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C)-the physiological intracellular intermediate of the interconversion of proline, ornithine, and glutamate. Proline 206-213 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 104-128 34769188-3 2021 One of the important mediators in energy production and interconversion of carbons in the cell is Delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C)-the physiological intracellular intermediate of the interconversion of proline, ornithine, and glutamate. Proline 206-213 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 130-133 34769188-8 2021 P5C is both a direct precursor of proline and a product of its degradation. Proline 34-41 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 34769188-9 2021 The conversion of P5C to proline is catalyzed by P5C reductase (PYCR), while proline to P5C by proline dehydrogenase/oxidase (PRODH/POX). Proline 25-32 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 18-21 34769188-9 2021 The conversion of P5C to proline is catalyzed by P5C reductase (PYCR), while proline to P5C by proline dehydrogenase/oxidase (PRODH/POX). Proline 25-32 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 49-52 34769188-9 2021 The conversion of P5C to proline is catalyzed by P5C reductase (PYCR), while proline to P5C by proline dehydrogenase/oxidase (PRODH/POX). Proline 25-32 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 64-68 34769188-9 2021 The conversion of P5C to proline is catalyzed by P5C reductase (PYCR), while proline to P5C by proline dehydrogenase/oxidase (PRODH/POX). Proline 25-32 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 88-91 34769188-9 2021 The conversion of P5C to proline is catalyzed by P5C reductase (PYCR), while proline to P5C by proline dehydrogenase/oxidase (PRODH/POX). Proline 77-84 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 18-21 34769188-9 2021 The conversion of P5C to proline is catalyzed by P5C reductase (PYCR), while proline to P5C by proline dehydrogenase/oxidase (PRODH/POX). Proline 77-84 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 88-91 34769188-10 2021 P5C-proline-P5C interconversion forms a functional redox couple. Proline 4-11 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 34769188-10 2021 P5C-proline-P5C interconversion forms a functional redox couple. Proline 4-11 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 12-15 34769188-12 2021 This review focuses on the metabolism of P5C in the cell as an interconversion mediator of proline, glutamate, and ornithine and its role in the regulation of survival and death with particular emphasis on the metabolic context. Proline 91-98 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 41-44 35130302-2 2022 The last step in the proline biosynthesis pathway is catalyzed by pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (PYCR) enzymes. Proline 21-28 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 101-105 7067697-5 1982 The preferred solution conformation which is most strongly stabilized in dimethylsulfoxide in the neutral ion species includes a distorted beta-turn II involving the N-terminal sequence of Pro2-Pro3-Gly4-Phe5 and most likely a C7-type bend in the C-terminal part Ser-Pro-Phe. Proline 189-192 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 194-198 35108535-0 2022 Proline synthesis through PYCR1 is required to support cancer cell proliferation and survival in oxygen-limiting conditions. Proline 0-7 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 26-31 35108535-4 2022 We show that in hypoxic conditions, mitochondrial pyrroline 5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) activity is increased, oxidizing NADH with the synthesis of proline as a by-product. Proline 154-161 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 50-85 35108535-4 2022 We show that in hypoxic conditions, mitochondrial pyrroline 5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) activity is increased, oxidizing NADH with the synthesis of proline as a by-product. Proline 154-161 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 87-92 2753984-1 1989 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) is the oxidized metabolite of proline. Proline 60-67 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 25-28 2752051-7 1989 The peptide bonds between pGlu-1, Pro-2 and Pro-3 are predominantly in trans-configuration, in fact no cis-isomers can be observed spectroscopically. Proline 34-37 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 44-49 35105345-4 2022 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 and 2 (PYCR1 and PYCR2) are two mitochondrial enzymes that facilitate the last step in the glutamine-to-proline conversion. Proline 140-147 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 43-48 35105345-17 2022 In line with the strong expression of PYCR1, we performed a tracer study in RPMI-8226 cells, which revealed an increased conversion of 13C-glutamine to proline in hypoxia. Proline 152-159 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 38-43 34003320-0 2021 Structure, biochemistry, and gene expression patterns of the proline biosynthetic enzyme pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (PYCR), an emerging cancer therapy target. Proline 61-68 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 89-122 34003320-0 2021 Structure, biochemistry, and gene expression patterns of the proline biosynthetic enzyme pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (PYCR), an emerging cancer therapy target. Proline 61-68 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 124-128 34003320-4 2021 Here we focus on the last enzyme of proline biosynthesis, Delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase, known as PYCR in humans. Proline 36-43 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 109-113 34003320-5 2021 PYCR catalyzes the NAD(P)H-dependent reduction of Delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate to proline and forms the reductive half of the proline metabolic cycle. Proline 84-91 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 34003320-5 2021 PYCR catalyzes the NAD(P)H-dependent reduction of Delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate to proline and forms the reductive half of the proline metabolic cycle. Proline 128-135 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 32213586-3 2020 PYCR converts the P5C intermediate to proline as a biosynthesis pathway, whereas proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) breaks down proline to P5C as a degradation pathway. Proline 81-88 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 134-137 33109600-1 2020 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) catalyzes the biosynthetic half-reaction of the proline cycle by reducing Delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) to proline through the oxidation of NAD(P)H. Proline 92-99 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 124-148 33109600-1 2020 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) catalyzes the biosynthetic half-reaction of the proline cycle by reducing Delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) to proline through the oxidation of NAD(P)H. Proline 158-165 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 0-35 33109600-1 2020 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) catalyzes the biosynthetic half-reaction of the proline cycle by reducing Delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) to proline through the oxidation of NAD(P)H. Proline 158-165 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 37-42 33109600-1 2020 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) catalyzes the biosynthetic half-reaction of the proline cycle by reducing Delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) to proline through the oxidation of NAD(P)H. Proline 158-165 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 124-148 33109600-2 2020 Many cancers alter their proline metabolism by upregulating the proline cycle and proline biosynthesis, and knockdowns of PYCR1 lead to decreased cell proliferation. Proline 25-32 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 122-127 33109600-10 2020 NFLP was also shown to phenocopy the PYCR1knockdown in MCF10A H-RASV12 breast cancer cells by inhibiting de novo proline biosynthesis and impairing spheroidal growth. Proline 113-120 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 37-42 33109600-11 2020 In summary, we generated the first validated chemical probe of PYCR1 and demonstrated proof-of-concept for screening proline analogs to discover inhibitors of the proline cycle. Proline 117-124 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 63-68 33109600-11 2020 In summary, we generated the first validated chemical probe of PYCR1 and demonstrated proof-of-concept for screening proline analogs to discover inhibitors of the proline cycle. Proline 163-170 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 63-68 32960509-4 2020 Supervised analysis identified two proteins of proline biosynthesis pathway, PYCR1 and ALDH18A1, that were significantly associated with resistance to treatment based on pattern dominance. Proline 47-54 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 77-82 32953737-2 2020 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) is the key enzyme in intracellular proline synthesis, but its role in GC remains largely unknown. Proline 79-86 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 0-35 32953737-2 2020 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) is the key enzyme in intracellular proline synthesis, but its role in GC remains largely unknown. Proline 79-86 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 37-42 33830435-3 2021 One of three Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductases (PYCR), is primarily involved in conversion of glutamate to proline. Proline 108-115 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 49-53 33646427-8 2021 Two of the enzymes in the proline biosynthetic pathway, pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (PYCR1) and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 18 Family Member A1 (ALDH18A1), are upregulated in liver cancer of both human and animal models, while proline catabolic enzymes, such as proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) are downregulated. Proline 26-33 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 91-96 33646427-8 2021 Two of the enzymes in the proline biosynthetic pathway, pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (PYCR1) and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 18 Family Member A1 (ALDH18A1), are upregulated in liver cancer of both human and animal models, while proline catabolic enzymes, such as proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) are downregulated. Proline 228-235 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 91-96 33109600-0 2020 In Crystallo Screening for Proline Analog Inhibitors of the Proline Cycle Enzyme PYCR1. Proline 27-34 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 81-86 33109600-0 2020 In Crystallo Screening for Proline Analog Inhibitors of the Proline Cycle Enzyme PYCR1. Proline 60-67 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 81-86 33109600-1 2020 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) catalyzes the biosynthetic half-reaction of the proline cycle by reducing Delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) to proline through the oxidation of NAD(P)H. Proline 92-99 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 0-35 33109600-1 2020 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) catalyzes the biosynthetic half-reaction of the proline cycle by reducing Delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) to proline through the oxidation of NAD(P)H. Proline 92-99 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 37-42 33424902-5 2020 We demonstrate that this activity is due to P5C reductase (P5CR), the second and last enzyme in proline biosynthesis, which works in the reverse direction at unphysiologically high pH. Proline 96-103 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 44-57 33424902-5 2020 We demonstrate that this activity is due to P5C reductase (P5CR), the second and last enzyme in proline biosynthesis, which works in the reverse direction at unphysiologically high pH. Proline 96-103 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 59-63 33083024-2 2020 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (PYCR) and proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) enzymes, which catalyze the last step in proline biosynthesis and the first step of its catabolism, respectively, have been extensively associated with the progression of several malignancies, and have been exposed as potential targets for anticancer drug development. Proline 45-52 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 0-33 33083024-2 2020 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (PYCR) and proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) enzymes, which catalyze the last step in proline biosynthesis and the first step of its catabolism, respectively, have been extensively associated with the progression of several malignancies, and have been exposed as potential targets for anticancer drug development. Proline 45-52 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 35-39 32213586-2 2020 Particularly, proline metabolism is critical for tumorigenesis since pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) reductase (PYCR/P5CR) is highly expressed in various tumors and its enzymatic activity is essential for in vitro 3D tumor cell growth and in vivo tumorigenesis. Proline 14-21 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 69-92 32213586-2 2020 Particularly, proline metabolism is critical for tumorigenesis since pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) reductase (PYCR/P5CR) is highly expressed in various tumors and its enzymatic activity is essential for in vitro 3D tumor cell growth and in vivo tumorigenesis. Proline 14-21 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 94-97 32213586-2 2020 Particularly, proline metabolism is critical for tumorigenesis since pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) reductase (PYCR/P5CR) is highly expressed in various tumors and its enzymatic activity is essential for in vitro 3D tumor cell growth and in vivo tumorigenesis. Proline 14-21 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 110-114 32213586-2 2020 Particularly, proline metabolism is critical for tumorigenesis since pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) reductase (PYCR/P5CR) is highly expressed in various tumors and its enzymatic activity is essential for in vitro 3D tumor cell growth and in vivo tumorigenesis. Proline 14-21 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 115-119 32213586-3 2020 PYCR converts the P5C intermediate to proline as a biosynthesis pathway, whereas proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) breaks down proline to P5C as a degradation pathway. Proline 38-45 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 32213586-4 2020 Intriguingly, expressions of proline biosynthesis PYCR gene and proline degradation PRODH gene are up-regulated directly by c-Myc oncoprotein and p53 tumor suppressor, respectively, suggesting that the proline-P5C metabolic axis is a key checkpoint for tumor cell growth. Proline 29-36 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 50-54 32213586-4 2020 Intriguingly, expressions of proline biosynthesis PYCR gene and proline degradation PRODH gene are up-regulated directly by c-Myc oncoprotein and p53 tumor suppressor, respectively, suggesting that the proline-P5C metabolic axis is a key checkpoint for tumor cell growth. Proline 29-36 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 210-213 32213586-4 2020 Intriguingly, expressions of proline biosynthesis PYCR gene and proline degradation PRODH gene are up-regulated directly by c-Myc oncoprotein and p53 tumor suppressor, respectively, suggesting that the proline-P5C metabolic axis is a key checkpoint for tumor cell growth. Proline 64-71 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 210-213 32213586-4 2020 Intriguingly, expressions of proline biosynthesis PYCR gene and proline degradation PRODH gene are up-regulated directly by c-Myc oncoprotein and p53 tumor suppressor, respectively, suggesting that the proline-P5C metabolic axis is a key checkpoint for tumor cell growth. Proline 64-71 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 210-213 32213586-7 2020 Strikingly, the KSHV K1 oncoprotein interacted with and activated PYCR enzyme, increasing intracellular proline concentration. Proline 104-111 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 66-70 31362921-1 2019 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) is the final enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of proline and has been found to be upregulated in various forms of cancer. Proline 96-103 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 0-35 31362921-1 2019 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) is the final enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of proline and has been found to be upregulated in various forms of cancer. Proline 96-103 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 37-42 31362921-2 2019 Due to the role of proline in maintaining the redox balance of cells and preventing apoptosis, PYCR1 is emerging as an attractive oncology target. Proline 19-26 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 95-100 31362921-5 2019 We report the design and synthesis of the first tool compounds as PYCR1 inhibitors, derived from pargyline, which were assayed to assess their ability to attenuate the production of proline. Proline 182-189 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 Homo sapiens 66-71