PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 25744413-4 2015 The specific iNOS inhibitor 1400 W significantly attenuated the LPS-induced mitochondrial superoxide production and dysfunction in adrenal glands, and reversed the LPS-induced adrenocortical hyporesponsiveness to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Superoxides 90-100 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 13-17 27262612-3 2016 Remarkably, the CPDs arising in the dark originate by a novel pathway that resembles bioluminescence but does not end in light: First, UV activates the enzymes nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and NADPH oxidase (NOX), which generate the radicals nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide (O2(-)); these combine to form the powerful oxidant peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)). Superoxides 263-273 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 160-181 27262612-3 2016 Remarkably, the CPDs arising in the dark originate by a novel pathway that resembles bioluminescence but does not end in light: First, UV activates the enzymes nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and NADPH oxidase (NOX), which generate the radicals nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide (O2(-)); these combine to form the powerful oxidant peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)). Superoxides 275-277 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 160-181 25724429-1 2015 UNLABELLED: Here, evidence suggests that nitric oxide synthases (NOS) of tumor cells, in contrast with normal tissues, synthesize predominantly superoxide and peroxynitrite. Superoxides 144-154 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 41-63 24102471-5 2014 Excessive amounts of NO produced by iNOS up-regulation can react with superoxide anions forming peroxynitrite, thereby promoting nitrosative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Superoxides 70-87 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 36-40 25019585-3 2014 LPS treatment resulted in an increase in the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX-4), suggesting the cytosolic overexpression of nitric oxide and superoxide anion, the primary reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxides 187-203 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 59-90 25019585-3 2014 LPS treatment resulted in an increase in the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX-4), suggesting the cytosolic overexpression of nitric oxide and superoxide anion, the primary reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxides 187-203 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 92-96 24909615-5 2014 By such treatment, the protein level of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was doubled and cellular oxidants, including nitric oxide, superoxide, and their derivatives, were increasingly produced. Superoxides 138-148 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 40-71 24909615-5 2014 By such treatment, the protein level of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was doubled and cellular oxidants, including nitric oxide, superoxide, and their derivatives, were increasingly produced. Superoxides 138-148 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 73-77 23875749-9 2014 INNOVATION: Present study highlights previously undefined role of Rac2-iNOS interaction, in translocation of iNOS to phagosomal compartment and consequent NO, superoxide radicals, ROS/RNS generation, BSA nitration and microbial killing. Superoxides 159-169 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 71-75 20117233-6 2010 Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor l-NAME increased phagocytosis, LT and superoxide formation by neutrophils, and abolished the difference in the action of the LPSs forms. Superoxides 76-86 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 0-21 23454417-2 2013 Peroxynitrite, formed from NO and superoxide, can induce multiple proteins nitration, even including NF-kappaB and iNOS, to alter their functions. Superoxides 34-44 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 115-119 23238663-8 2013 At baseline, a subcohort of T2DM HT and HT alone participants showed evidence of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-derived superoxide production, indicating defective enzymatic activity. Superoxides 117-127 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 81-102 22147556-5 2012 The results revealed an over-expression of iNOS and HO-1 in the papilla, compared with that in the pulp, mediated by the nuclear factor kappa B transcription factor activated by the reactive oxygen species that acts as scavengers for the superoxide radicals. Superoxides 238-248 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 43-47 21635951-5 2011 However, high amounts of NO produced by inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and/or peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)), a reactive intermediate of NO with superoxide anion are involved in pro-inflammatory reactions and tissue damage as well. Superoxides 136-152 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 40-61 20812283-3 2010 Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) represents one of the three isoforms that produce nitric oxide using L-arginine as a substrate in response to an increase in superoxide anion activated by NF-kB. Superoxides 164-180 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 0-31 20812283-3 2010 Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) represents one of the three isoforms that produce nitric oxide using L-arginine as a substrate in response to an increase in superoxide anion activated by NF-kB. Superoxides 164-180 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 33-37 20226235-6 2010 It was observed that superoxide production through the activation of the calcium-dependent enzymes, phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) and xanthine oxidase (XaO), contributes to neuronal damage, while nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is apparently not involved. Superoxides 21-31 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 195-216 23801050-9 2013 However, abolishment of iNOS induction with 1400W or iNOS RNAi would restore peroxynitrite, TGF-beta, and fibronectin productions completely to basal level and attenuate superoxide production. Superoxides 170-180 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 24-28 23801050-9 2013 However, abolishment of iNOS induction with 1400W or iNOS RNAi would restore peroxynitrite, TGF-beta, and fibronectin productions completely to basal level and attenuate superoxide production. Superoxides 170-180 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 53-57 23830845-9 2013 Excessive arginase activity reduces the l-arginine supply for nitric oxide synthase (NOS), causing it to become uncoupled and produce superoxide and less NO. Superoxides 134-144 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 62-83 22361333-1 2012 Nitric oxide synthase enzyme (NOS) possesses the unique ability to be "uncoupled" to produce superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) instead of nitric oxide (NO). Superoxides 93-109 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 0-28 22361333-1 2012 Nitric oxide synthase enzyme (NOS) possesses the unique ability to be "uncoupled" to produce superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) instead of nitric oxide (NO). Superoxides 111-115 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 0-28 21860369-12 2011 Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases and uncoupled nitric oxide synthase (NOS) were the major sources of superoxide in VV, because their inhibitors greatly attenuated superoxide production in VV. Superoxides 129-139 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 75-96 21860369-12 2011 Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases and uncoupled nitric oxide synthase (NOS) were the major sources of superoxide in VV, because their inhibitors greatly attenuated superoxide production in VV. Superoxides 191-201 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 75-96 19684035-3 2010 Arginase, an enzyme that competes with nitric oxide synthase (NOS) for l-arginine, not only reduces NO formation but also increases superoxide production by NOS. Superoxides 132-142 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 39-60 18755348-9 2008 Superoxide levels in stenotic valves were significantly reduced by inhibition of nitric oxide synthases (NOS), which suggests uncoupling of the enzyme. Superoxides 0-10 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 81-103 19828096-4 2009 Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) represents one of the three isoforms that produce nitric oxide using L-arginine as a substrate in response to an increase in superoxide anion activated by NF-kappaB. Superoxides 164-180 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 0-31 19828096-4 2009 Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) represents one of the three isoforms that produce nitric oxide using L-arginine as a substrate in response to an increase in superoxide anion activated by NF-kappaB. Superoxides 164-180 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 33-37 18782627-4 2008 Pretreatment of aminoguanidine (an inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), 10 microM) and vitamin C (an antioxidant agent, 100 microM) for 2h, reduced significantly the Ox-LDL-induced increase of NO and O2*-, and vitamin C completely inhibited increase of intracellular NO and O2*-. Superoxides 216-218 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 81-85 18782627-4 2008 Pretreatment of aminoguanidine (an inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), 10 microM) and vitamin C (an antioxidant agent, 100 microM) for 2h, reduced significantly the Ox-LDL-induced increase of NO and O2*-, and vitamin C completely inhibited increase of intracellular NO and O2*-. Superoxides 290-292 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 81-85 18708074-8 2008 The mechanism of iNOS-dependent septic PMVEC permeability was pursued through pharmacologic studies with inhibitors of NOS, and scavengers of NO, superoxide, and peroxynitrite, and treatment of PMVEC with the NO donor, DETA-NONOate. Superoxides 146-156 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 17-21 18708074-9 2008 Septic iNOS+/+ AM-dependent trans-PMVEC albumin leak was significantly attenuated by pharmacologic iNOS inhibition (L-NAME and 1400W), and scavenging of either NO (oxyhemoglobin), superoxide (PEG-SOD), or peroxynitrite (FeTPPS). Superoxides 180-190 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 7-11 18437360-3 2008 In addition, reduced L-arginine availability to iNOS induced by arginase may result in the synthesis of both NO and the superoxide anion by this enzyme, thereby enhancing the production of peroxynitrite, which has procontractile and pro-inflammatory actions. Superoxides 120-136 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 48-52 18539125-2 2008 Peroxynitrite is formed by the reaction of the superoxide radical (O2.-) with the nitric oxide radical (.NO) that is generated by nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Superoxides 47-65 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 130-151 18539125-2 2008 Peroxynitrite is formed by the reaction of the superoxide radical (O2.-) with the nitric oxide radical (.NO) that is generated by nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Superoxides 67-69 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 130-151 16216417-1 2005 Nitric oxide synthases (NOS) independent of the isozyme, produce nitric oxide (.NO), superoxide (O2.-), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Superoxides 85-95 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 0-22 17893865-5 2007 For example, 1"-acetoxychavicol acetate, which occurs in the rhizomes of the subtropical Zingiberaceae plant, has been shown to attenuate NOX-derived superoxide generation in macrophages, as well as lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide and prostaglandin E(2) production through the suppression of iNOS and COX-2 synthesis, respectively. Superoxides 150-160 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 300-304 17685851-1 2007 Besides nitric oxide (NO), NO synthases (NOS) also produce superoxide ((*)O(2)()), a primary reactive oxygen species involved in both cell injury and signaling. Superoxides 59-69 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 27-39 17240121-10 2007 This might be due to the actions of superoxide via the activation of NADPH oxidase by translocation of its component and uncoupling of induced iNOS in macrophages. Superoxides 36-46 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 143-147 16580590-4 2006 In addition, NO synthase (NOS) can generate superoxide rather than NO in response to atherogenic stimuli ("NOS uncoupling"). Superoxides 44-54 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 13-24 16216417-1 2005 Nitric oxide synthases (NOS) independent of the isozyme, produce nitric oxide (.NO), superoxide (O2.-), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Superoxides 97-99 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 0-22 16214039-10 2005 Sublethal superoxide dose evoked: (1) proinflammatory state manifested by increased IL-8 mRNA expression and CAM on the endothelial surface, (2) HUVEC apoptosis and activated endothelial NADPH oxidase, (3) increase in intracellular tissue factor, and (4) decrease in eNOS mRNA and protein and up-regulation of iNOS mRNA. Superoxides 10-20 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 310-314 16160603-1 2005 Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) uncoupling is a condition of increased production of superoxide anion associated with a decreased production of nitric oxide (NO) by this enzyme. Superoxides 81-97 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 0-21 15670578-1 2005 Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) production of nitric oxide (NO) has been mostly associated with so-called nitrosative stress or interaction with superoxide anion. Superoxides 152-168 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 0-31 15670578-1 2005 Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) production of nitric oxide (NO) has been mostly associated with so-called nitrosative stress or interaction with superoxide anion. Superoxides 152-168 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 33-37 15471981-3 2005 If so, then is the mechanism because of intracellular depletion of tetrahydrobiopterin [BH4; a cofactor of NO synthase (NOS)], which results in superoxide production by uncoupled NOS? Superoxides 144-154 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 107-118 15032648-7 2004 Experimental evidences suggest that (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin (BH(4)), the natural and essential cofactor of NO synthases (NOS), plays a crucial role not only in increasing the rate of NO generation by NOS but also in controlling the formation of superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) in the endothelial cells. Superoxides 254-270 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 116-128 15331549-6 2004 As compared with nondiabetic specimens, diabetic specimens showed higher levels of both iNOS mRNA and protein levels (P < 0.001) associated with the highest tissue levels of nitrotyrosine and O(2)(-) (P < 0.001). Superoxides 195-199 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 88-92 15032648-7 2004 Experimental evidences suggest that (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin (BH(4)), the natural and essential cofactor of NO synthases (NOS), plays a crucial role not only in increasing the rate of NO generation by NOS but also in controlling the formation of superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) in the endothelial cells. Superoxides 272-276 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 116-128 9645394-3 1998 The inhibitors of the iNOS pathway, aminoguanidine and NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), suppressed the production of .NO and enhanced the steady-state concentration of O2.- determined. Superoxides 170-172 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 22-26 12466152-3 2003 In interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)-stimulated hepatocytes exposed to superoxide, we demonstrate that hepatocyte nuclear factor-4alpha (HNF-4alpha) acts as an activator of redox-associated hepatocyte iNOS expression at the level of protein, mRNA, and promoter activation. Superoxides 66-76 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 196-200 11575740-7 2001 Lower NO production in stage IV disease may be due to lower expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), further facilitating the production of superoxide anions (O2*-). Superoxides 142-159 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 74-95 11575740-7 2001 Lower NO production in stage IV disease may be due to lower expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), further facilitating the production of superoxide anions (O2*-). Superoxides 161-163 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 74-95 10934109-7 2000 These results suggest that: (1) RNS may be involved in the pathobiology of the airway inflammatory and obstructive process in COPD; and (2) NO produced in the airways, presumably via iNOS, is consumed by its reaction with superoxide anion and/or peroxidase-dependent mechanisms. Superoxides 222-238 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 183-187 10644521-1 2000 It is commonly believed that the activity of NO synthase (NOS) solely controls NO production from its substrates, L-Arg and O(2). Superoxides 124-128 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 45-56 9748253-2 1998 It has been previously shown that besides synthesizing nitric oxide (NO), neuronal and inducible NO synthase (NOS) generates superoxide (O-2) under conditions of L-arginine depletion. Superoxides 125-135 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 97-108 9721335-9 1998 Recent findings suggest that the interactions with superoxide radicals, thiols, and metals (particularly with Fe2+) may be important not only in buffering excess NO produced by NOS-2, but also in channeling it from physiologically to pathophysiologically relevant targets. Superoxides 51-61 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 177-182 9452441-1 1998 Nitric oxide (NO), a physiologically important activator of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), is synthesized from L-arginine and O2 in a reaction catalyzed by NO synthases (NOS). Superoxides 127-129 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 157-169 9438558-1 1998 In vitro studies have demonstrated that mercaptoethylguanidine (MEG), a selective inhibitor of the inducible NO synthase (iNOS), is also effective as a scavenger of peroxynitrite (a potent cytotoxic oxidant produced by the reaction of NO and superoxide). Superoxides 242-252 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 99-120 9438558-1 1998 In vitro studies have demonstrated that mercaptoethylguanidine (MEG), a selective inhibitor of the inducible NO synthase (iNOS), is also effective as a scavenger of peroxynitrite (a potent cytotoxic oxidant produced by the reaction of NO and superoxide). Superoxides 242-252 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 122-126 12967769-5 2003 Thus, at low concentrations of L-arginine iNOS produces both NO and superoxide anions, which results in the increased synthesis of the highly reactive, detrimental oxidant peroxynitrite. Superoxides 68-85 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 42-46 11948371-4 2002 Evidence suggests that sustained upregulation of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (NOS-2) co-localizes with enterocyte apoptosis and immunoreactivity to 3-nitrotyrosine, the footprint of peroxynitrite (ONOO-), a potent oxidant formed by the reaction of nitric oxide (NO) with superoxide. Superoxides 290-300 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 97-102 11849440-5 2002 More recent data, however, have shown that the iNOS can be a superoxide, peroxynitrite as well as a nitric oxide-producing enzyme, while the biological effects of iNOS probably depend upon the sort of radical species released by the enzyme as well as the anti-oxidant capacity of the cellular microenvironment of the enzyme. Superoxides 61-71 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 47-51 11905990-4 2002 It was also highly likely that the involved superoxide-generating enzyme was nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and that the PTX-sensitive cytotoxic signal by M146L-PS1 was mediated by none of the G(i/o) proteins. Superoxides 44-54 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 77-98 10102942-4 1999 In addition to large amounts of nitric oxide (NO), injurious peroxynitrite may be formed in the epithelium by the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which is considered to elicit cytotoxicity by the generation of superoxide with reduced L-arginine availability. Superoxides 218-228 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 114-145 10102942-4 1999 In addition to large amounts of nitric oxide (NO), injurious peroxynitrite may be formed in the epithelium by the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which is considered to elicit cytotoxicity by the generation of superoxide with reduced L-arginine availability. Superoxides 218-228 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 147-151 10102942-9 1999 Selective inhibitors of iNOS activity, as well as topical L-arginine, may therefore prove beneficial in inflammatory bowel disease by reducing the production of superoxide by iNOS, while only the former option may be expected to reduce diarrhoea in chronic inflammatory bowel disorders. Superoxides 161-171 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 24-28 10102942-9 1999 Selective inhibitors of iNOS activity, as well as topical L-arginine, may therefore prove beneficial in inflammatory bowel disease by reducing the production of superoxide by iNOS, while only the former option may be expected to reduce diarrhoea in chronic inflammatory bowel disorders. Superoxides 161-171 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 175-179 1280257-0 1992 Generation of superoxide by purified brain nitric oxide synthase. Superoxides 14-24 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 43-64 7559438-1 1995 Neuronal NO synthase (NOS) is a flavin-containing hemeprotein that generates NO from L-arginine, NADPH, and O2. Superoxides 108-110 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 9-20 7513691-0 1994 Glutamate receptors induce a burst of superoxide via activation of nitric oxide synthase in arginine-depleted neurons. Superoxides 38-48 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 67-88 7513691-2 1994 (1993) Nature 364, 535-537) that upon N-methyl-D-aspartate stimulation, a nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-independent, arachidonic acid-dependent generation of superoxide free radicals (O2-.) Superoxides 182-184 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 74-95 30927077-4 2020 Furthermore, iNOS produces superoxide anion which proceeds with NO to the harmful oxidant peroxynitrite, causing oxidative stress in the heart. Superoxides 27-43 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 13-17 32850409-2 2020 Human melanomas often show hyperactivity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and NADPH oxidase (NOX), which, respectively, generate nitric oxide (NO ) and superoxide (O2 - ). Superoxides 152-162 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 44-65 31454684-0 2019 Imbalance between nitric oxide and superoxide anion induced by uncoupled nitric oxide synthase contributes to human melanoma development. Superoxides 35-51 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 73-94 30534079-10 2018 In the heart and skeletal muscle, mitochondria, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases, uncoupled nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and xanthine oxidase are major ROS sources producing superoxide anion (O2 -) and/or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Superoxides 201-217 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 120-141 30534079-10 2018 In the heart and skeletal muscle, mitochondria, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases, uncoupled nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and xanthine oxidase are major ROS sources producing superoxide anion (O2 -) and/or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Superoxides 219-223 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 120-141