PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 10651808-1 2000 Involvement of protein kinase C. Stimulation of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) with PMA initiates a cascade of events leading to the production and release of superoxide anion (O-2), a major component in anti-bacterial defense. Superoxides 170-186 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 188-191 10990205-17 2000 CONCLUSIONS: H2O2 and superoxide anion radical (O(*-)2) were deduced to be the intermediates involved in the ascorbate/Cu(II)/O2-induced oxidation of cyclic-His peptide. Superoxides 22-46 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 119-128 9837891-1 1998 The efflux of protons through a H+ channel acts as the charge compensation pathway for the electrogenic generation of superoxide (O-2) by human neutrophil NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 118-128 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 130-133 10092643-1 1999 Neuronal nitric-oxide synthase (NOS I) in the absence of L-arginine has previously been shown to generate superoxide (O-2) (Pou, S., Pou, W. S., Bredt, D. S., Snyder, S. H., and Rosen, G. M. (1992) J. Biol. Superoxides 106-116 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 118-121 9920929-2 1999 In this process, both activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and induction of superoxide anion (O-2) production are required. Superoxides 76-92 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 94-97 9843849-2 1998 NO can combine with superoxide (O-2) to form peroxynitrite, which can decompose into nitrate. Superoxides 20-30 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 32-35 9582295-3 1998 In such studies 3-morpholinosydnonimine N-ethylcarbamide (SIN-1), a compound that simultaneously releases nitric oxide (.NO) and superoxide (O-2), is often used as a source for peroxynitrite. Superoxides 129-139 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 141-144 9712892-1 1998 In the absence of L-arginine, the heme center of the oxygenase domain of neuronal nitric-oxide synthase reduces molecular oxygen to superoxide (O-2). Superoxides 132-142 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 144-147 9006926-4 1997 Under aerobic conditions O2 acts as the electron acceptor and is reduced to produce superoxide (O-2). Superoxides 84-94 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 96-99 9791941-6 1998 This protein is a part of the NADPH-oxidase complex that neutrophilic granulocytes employ to generate O-2, superoxide anion. Superoxides 107-123 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 102-105 9235911-1 1997 Rates of mitochondrial superoxide anion radical (O-2) generation are known to be inversely correlated with the maximum life span potential of different mammalian species. Superoxides 23-47 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 49-52 8608807-1 1996 Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), like granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimul ating factor (GM-CSF), rapidly primed human monocytes for enhanced release of superoxide (O-2) stimulated by receptor-mediated agonists, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) and concanavalin A (Con A), but not by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), which bypasses the receptors to stimulate the cells. Superoxides 149-159 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 161-164 2160241-2 1990 Both compounds exhibited inhibitory effect with concentration dependency on the n-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP)-induced superoxide (O-2) production by human PMN. Superoxides 135-145 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 147-150 8070900-2 1994 The objective of this study was to determine nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion release (O-2) by neutrophils (PMNs) in the septic multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and to compare them with the response of normal cells to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cytokines. Superoxides 67-83 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 93-96 2824937-5 1987 Study of the functional activity of the induced cells revealed that the rate of superoxide (O-2) production, as assayed by superoxide dismutase-inhibitable ferricytochrome c reduction, was faster in RA treated HL-60 cells than in TTNPB treated cells (0.41 vs. 0.25 nmol. Superoxides 80-90 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 92-95 2552754-1 1989 Singlet oxygen generation is reported from (1) enzymatic reaction and (2) electron transfer reactions of the superoxide anion measured directly with an ultrasensitive near-IR emission spectrophotometer by monitoring the O2(1 delta g)----O2 (3 sigma g-) transition at 1268 nm. Superoxides 109-125 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 220-239 3023754-1 1986 Derivatives of superoxide (O-2), produced by phagocytic cells, are thought to play a role in the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and other disease states. Superoxides 15-25 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 27-30 3011108-7 1986 K0.5 (half-maximal activation) for the PMA activation of purified protein kinase C was shown to be equivalent to the K0.5 for PMA stimulation of superoxide (O-2) production in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes, suggesting that protein kinase C is involved in activation of the NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 145-155 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 157-160 3017930-2 1986 Extracellular release of superoxide anion (O-2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) during the respiratory burst of porcine and human neutrophils was studied by using diacetyldeuteroheme-substituted horseradish peroxidase as a trapping agent for these oxygen derivatives. Superoxides 25-41 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 43-46 2992509-1 1985 Effects of islet-activating protein (IAP) were examined to assess the involvement of the guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory protein responsible for inhibition of adenylate cyclase system (Ni protein) in the superoxide anion (O-2) production in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) stimulated with various agents. Superoxides 210-226 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 228-231 3021127-3 1986 Perhydroxyl or superoxide radicals (HO.2 or O-2) cannot be established as the inactivating species in this mechanism, but they influence the rate of reconversion of the intermediate lactoperoxidase-compound III back to the resting ferric form of the enzyme. Superoxides 15-34 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 44-47 3012624-1 1986 Oxygen is a potent sensitizer of cells exposed to ionizing radiation, and, although the exact chemical mechanisms are not fully understood, some evidence suggests that this sensitization may involve the formation of superoxide anion radicals (.O-2) [F. Lavelle, A. M. Michelson, and L. Dimitrijevic, Biochem. Superoxides 216-241 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 244-247 2577732-2 1986 According to the rates of reduction and the concentration of O2- and H2O2, the metal complexes may serve either as catalyst of O2- dismutation or as catalysts of the reaction between O2- and H2O2 to form OH. Superoxides 61-63 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 183-195 2862014-2 1985 Since reactive oxygen species are crucial to these activities, the affect of opioid peptides on superoxide (O-2) generation was evaluated with the use of lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminesence (CL). Superoxides 96-106 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 108-111 2409774-1 1985 Histamine inhibits superoxide anion (O-2) production from human neutrophils stimulated by N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP). Superoxides 19-35 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 37-40 2987422-0 1985 Superoxide anion (O-2) production by peripheral blood monocytes in Hodgkin"s disease and malignant lymphoma. Superoxides 0-16 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 18-21 2987422-1 1985 Superoxide anion (O-2) is the first metabolite of the monocyte oxygen burst pathway, which plays an important role in the monocyte microbicidal function. Superoxides 0-16 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 18-21 2985397-1 1985 We examined superoxide (O-2)-generating activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) from a patient with lung cancer in whom there was a marked granulocytosis. Superoxides 12-22 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 24-27 6096475-4 1984 Release of superoxide anion (O-2) was up to 7-times greater in cells preincubated with LPS, depending upon the stimulus used. Superoxides 11-27 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 29-32 6090448-1 1984 cis-Unsaturated fatty acids stimulate release of superoxide (O-2) by human neutrophils (Badwey, J. Superoxides 49-59 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 61-64 6093657-1 1984 Phagocytosis of Mycobacterium intracellulare triggered the release of superoxide anion (O-2) from mouse peritoneal macrophages; the amount release from BCG-activated cells was significantly greater than that from resident cells. Superoxides 70-86 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 88-91 6329209-1 1984 Zymosan-activated serum ( ZAS ) stimulated a time- and concentration-dependent generation of superoxide anion (O-2) by human neutrophils. Superoxides 93-109 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 111-114 6330057-2 1984 Activated neutrophils aggregate, generate superoxide (O-2), and degranulate. Superoxides 42-52 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 54-57 6725961-1 1984 The enzyme responsible for the respiratory burst in human neutrophils is an oxidase that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to superoxide anion (O-2). Superoxides 126-142 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 144-147 6327764-2 1984 During inflammation, the superoxide anion (O-2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are produced by stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages. Superoxides 25-41 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 43-46 6330372-2 1984 Enzymatic scavengers of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O-2), catalase and superoxide dismutase, were not effective in reversing the cardiac alterations induced by hypoxia. Superoxides 53-69 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 71-74 6324816-1 1984 1-O-Hexadecyl/octadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine (AGEPC) stimulated a time- and concentration-dependent generation of superoxide anion (O-2) by human neutrophils. Superoxides 134-150 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 152-155 6319411-1 1984 Resealed erythrocyte membranes (ghosts) filled with (Fe3+)cytochrome c were used as an assay system to measure the release of superoxide (O-2) from human phagocytes into the incubation medium. Superoxides 126-136 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 138-141 6323433-3 1984 In this present study, we have investigated the hypothesis that iron-catalyzed formation of hydroxyl radical (.OH) from superoxide anion radical (O-.2) and H2O2 requires the availability of at least one iron coordination site that is open or occupied by a readily dissociable ligand such as water. Superoxides 120-144 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 146-150 6316150-1 1983 Copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD) catalyses the very rapid two-step dismutation of the toxic superoxide radical (O-2) to molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide through the alternate reduction and oxidation of the active-site copper. Superoxides 99-117 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 119-122 6317450-1 1983 Treatment of human neutrophils with triphenyltin chloride (TPTCl)-inhibited superoxide (O-2) production stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Superoxides 76-86 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 88-91 6315837-1 1983 Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to the synthetic chemotactic factor n-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) were enhanced in their ability to generate superoxide anion (O-2), hydroxyl radical (OH. Superoxides 175-191 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 193-196 6316150-3 1983 There is a single, highly complementary position for O-2 to bind to both the Cu(II) and activity-important Arg 141 with correct geometry; two water molecules form a ghost of the superoxide in this position. Superoxides 178-188 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 53-56 6295490-10 1982 O-2 was generated by the reduction of O2 by a radical derived from bistris. Superoxides 38-40 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 0-3 6311564-3 1983 The method consists in the evaluation of the stimulation of superoxide anion (O-2) production (as superoxide dismutase-sensitive cytochrome c reduction) by leukocytes in whole blood challenged with (a) phagocytosable particles (opsonized zymosan); (b) particles that become phagocytosable by virtue of the opsonizing capacity of the plasma of blood samples (zymosan); and (c) a soluble agent such as phorbol myristate acetate. Superoxides 60-76 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 78-81 6316379-1 1983 The reactions of oxidation of NADH by Dopa and Dopamine-melanins show inhibition with low quantities of Superoxide dismutase, the enzyme which catalyzes the reaction: O2- + O2- + 2H+ leads to H2O2 + O2 and which has been used as an indicator of the involvement of superoxide ions in many biochemical systems. Superoxides 167-169 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 192-201 6316379-1 1983 The reactions of oxidation of NADH by Dopa and Dopamine-melanins show inhibition with low quantities of Superoxide dismutase, the enzyme which catalyzes the reaction: O2- + O2- + 2H+ leads to H2O2 + O2 and which has been used as an indicator of the involvement of superoxide ions in many biochemical systems. Superoxides 173-175 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 192-201 6316379-1 1983 The reactions of oxidation of NADH by Dopa and Dopamine-melanins show inhibition with low quantities of Superoxide dismutase, the enzyme which catalyzes the reaction: O2- + O2- + 2H+ leads to H2O2 + O2 and which has been used as an indicator of the involvement of superoxide ions in many biochemical systems. Superoxides 264-274 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 192-201 6295576-4 1982 Enzymatically generated superoxide anion radical (O-.2) was associated with an increase in macromolecular extravasation (seen primarily from postcapillary venules) and an increase in leukocyte adhesion. Superoxides 24-48 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 50-54 6295572-1 1982 The spectrum of biological processes in which oxygen is used by living systems is quite large, and the products include some damaging species of activated oxygen, particularly the superoxide radical (O-.2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Superoxides 180-198 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 200-204 6261531-2 1980 Subnanomolar levels of superoxide levels of superoxide dismutase or of catalase prevented this attack on DNA, signifying that both O2- and H2O2 were required. Superoxides 23-33 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 131-143 6248464-2 1980 These stimuli cause prompt (less than 10 sec) changes in membrane potential followed 30--45 sec later by superoxide anion (O-2.) Superoxides 105-121 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 123-126 6287090-1 1982 Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) release superoxide anion (O-2) when they are exposed to a phagocytic stimulus. Superoxides 44-60 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 62-65 6265062-1 1981 Comparison was made of the ability of the potent tumor promoter phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), as well as less active PMA analogs and non-phorbol ester tumor promoters, to stimulate superoxide anion radical (O-.2) production by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Superoxides 184-208 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 210-214 6249851-3 1980 In addition to stimulation of PMN motility, chemotactic factors also stimulate degranulation and superoxide ion (O-2) generation and it has been suggested that alteration of membrane potential activates these events (Korchak, H. M., and G. Weissmann. Superoxides 97-107 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 113-116 222348-1 1979 The effects of tetravalent conconavalin A and its succinylated derivative on the intracellular production of superoxide anion (O-2) and its release into cell exterior of peritoneal macrophages were observed. Superoxides 109-125 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 127-130 6291560-2 1980 The superoxide anion (O-2) was generated in vitro using the xanthine oxidase-hypoxanthine system. Superoxides 4-20 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 22-25 226386-1 1979 The higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels found in human blood cells when Nitro Blue Tetrazolium (NBT) rather than Cytochrome C was used as the colorimetric detector of superoxide (O-2) was investigated. Superoxides 11-21 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 184-187 23176-1 1978 Acetylated ferricytochrome c was employed for the detection of superoxide radicals (O-2) generated both in intact cells and in subcellular fractions of leukocytes. Superoxides 63-82 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 84-87 203409-3 1977 Superoxide radical anion (O-2) failed to react with cholesterol under a variety of conditions. Superoxides 0-24 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 26-29 4693487-0 1973 Experimental determination of the redox potential of the superoxide radical O 2 . Superoxides 57-75 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 76-79 27383660-4 2016 Once O2 (-) binds to Cu(II) (evident at 233 K), the first step of the catalytic cycle (Cu(II) + O2 (-) Cu(I) + O2) does not follow but the second step (Cu(I) + O2 (-) + 2H(+) H2O2 + Cu(II)) does follow. Superoxides 5-7 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 87-114 31864059-6 2020 The contribution of O2- to Tyr"s phototransformation process was the difference between the total contribution of O2- and 1O2 and the individual contribution of 1O2. Superoxides 20-22 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 114-125 31989131-9 2020 Oxygen (O2) and ammonia (NH3) gases were detected in the concentration ranges 1-20% O2 and 1-10 ppm NH3 in the two GPEs using both linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and long-term chronoamperometry (LTCA). Superoxides 8-10 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 84-92 29605448-4 2018 This process consumes large amounts of oxygen, which is converted into the highly-reactive superoxide radical O2- and H2O2. Superoxides 91-109 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 110-122 26013064-3 2015 Impurities include residual protons and protic compounds that can react with oxygen species, such as the superoxide (O2 (-) ), a reactive, one-electron reduction product of oxygen. Superoxides 105-115 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 117-123 17764260-4 2007 A comparison of the calculated and experimental spectra reveals that the spectrum of O(2) (-).benzene most likely arises from an isomer where the superoxide molecule binds preferentially to one CH group of benzene. Superoxides 146-156 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 85-89 19192492-1 2009 Ab intitio molecular dynamics simulation of the electronic structure of the aqueous superoxide anion (O2(-)) has been carried out using the Car-Parrinello density functional theory at 298 and 310 K. The modeling system consists of one O2(-) solvated in 31 water molecules. Superoxides 84-100 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 102-107 19192492-1 2009 Ab intitio molecular dynamics simulation of the electronic structure of the aqueous superoxide anion (O2(-)) has been carried out using the Car-Parrinello density functional theory at 298 and 310 K. The modeling system consists of one O2(-) solvated in 31 water molecules. Superoxides 84-100 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 235-240