PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 33380469-1 2021 Allelic variation in CHRNA3, the gene encoding the alpha3 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit, increases vulnerability to tobacco dependence and smoking-related diseases, but little is known about the role for alpha3-containing (alpha3*) nAChRs in regulating the addiction-related behavioral or physiological actions of nicotine. Nicotine 333-341 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 92-97 33380469-11 2021 alpha-Conotoxin AuIB, a potent antagonist of the alpha3beta4 nAChR subtype, reduced the stimulatory effects of nicotine on habenular neurons, and its infusion into the IPn increased nicotine intake in rats. Nicotine 111-119 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 61-66 31403667-8 2020 By real-time PCR test, the mRNA of alpha 4 nAChR and beta 2 nAChR in rats given nicotine increased significantly compared with ischemic rats and decreased TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 mRNA (all ps < .05). Nicotine 80-88 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 43-48 32950561-4 2020 In this study, we used an aqueous cigarette smoke extract (CSE), which contains nicotine and soluble constituents of cigarette smoke, to induce nAChR upregulation in adult and adolescent rats. Nicotine 80-88 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 144-149 31757080-5 2019 Results are presented for the action of nAChR agonists (acetylcholine, nicotine, and cytisine), and antagonists (alpha-conotoxins (alpha-CTxs) MII, ImI, LvIA, and PeIA) that demonstrate a luminescence response correlating to the increase or decrease of dopamine release. Nicotine 71-79 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 40-45 32174265-2 2020 In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of nAChR stimulation with nicotine on the regulation of microRNA (miRNA) expression and identify the molecular pathway involved in neuroprotection.Methods: We conducted miRNA expression profiling using a microarray to identify the miRNAs regulated by nicotine. Nicotine 76-84 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 53-58 32174265-2 2020 In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of nAChR stimulation with nicotine on the regulation of microRNA (miRNA) expression and identify the molecular pathway involved in neuroprotection.Methods: We conducted miRNA expression profiling using a microarray to identify the miRNAs regulated by nicotine. Nicotine 301-309 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 53-58 31846720-0 2020 Reduced testicular steroidogenesis in rat offspring by prenatal nicotine exposure: Epigenetic programming and heritability via nAChR/HDAC4. Nicotine 64-72 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 127-132 31704271-6 2020 AT-1001, an alpha3beta4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) functional antagonist, attenuated drug + cue-primed reinstatement of both CSE- and nicotine-seeking behavior. Nicotine 148-156 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 58-63 30206032-2 2019 SCG neurons express nicotinic receptors (nAChR) whose expression levels are modulated by nicotine. Nicotine 89-97 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 41-46 31377559-6 2019 The co-administration of aminoguanidine (iNOS inhibitor), pentoxifylline (TNFalpha inhibitor), or nicotine attenuated lipopolysaccharide mediation of renal vasodilations and elevations in alpha7/alpha4beta2-nAChR and iNOS expressions. Nicotine 98-106 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 207-212 31500447-0 2019 Nicotine exposure during pregnancy programs osteopenia in male offspring rats via alpha4beta2-nAChR-p300-ACE pathway. Nicotine 0-8 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 94-99 31500447-7 2019 Furthermore, nicotine induced histone acetylase p300 into the nuclei of the BMSCs by acting on the alpha4beta2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha4beta2-nAChR), leading to the increased histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation level of ACE and RAS activation. Nicotine 13-21 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 157-162 31500447-8 2019 Taken together, the sustained activation of local bone RAS mediated prenatal nicotine-induced osteopenia in adult offspring via the alpha4beta2-nAChR-p300-ACE pathway.-Xiao, H., Wen, Y., Pan, Z., Shangguan, Y., Magdalou, J., Wang, H., Chen, L. Nicotine exposure during pregnancy programs osteopenia in male offspring rats via alpha4beta2-nAChR-p300-ACE pathway. Nicotine 77-85 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 144-149 31500447-8 2019 Taken together, the sustained activation of local bone RAS mediated prenatal nicotine-induced osteopenia in adult offspring via the alpha4beta2-nAChR-p300-ACE pathway.-Xiao, H., Wen, Y., Pan, Z., Shangguan, Y., Magdalou, J., Wang, H., Chen, L. Nicotine exposure during pregnancy programs osteopenia in male offspring rats via alpha4beta2-nAChR-p300-ACE pathway. Nicotine 77-85 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 338-343 30206032-3 2019 Nicotine exerts multiple effects on neurons, including neuroprotection, through nAChR binding. Nicotine 0-8 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 80-85 29572652-11 2018 CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest differential roles for alpha4beta2 and alpha3beta4 nAChR on alcohol taking and seeking with selective blockade of alpha4beta2 nAChR being more implicated in modulating alcohol taking while selective blockade of alpha3beta4 nAChR is involved in nicotine-induced alcohol seeking. Nicotine 280-288 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 162-167 31404286-4 2019 Specifically, rat models of nicotine consumption and cue-induced relapse were used to examine the effects of selective antagonism of these two nAChR subtypes on the primary reinforcement of nicotine and the conditioned reinforcing actions of nicotine-associated environmental stimuli (cues). Nicotine 190-198 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 143-148 31404286-4 2019 Specifically, rat models of nicotine consumption and cue-induced relapse were used to examine the effects of selective antagonism of these two nAChR subtypes on the primary reinforcement of nicotine and the conditioned reinforcing actions of nicotine-associated environmental stimuli (cues). Nicotine 190-198 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 143-148 30393121-5 2018 Drugs like nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR) agonist nicotine, amphetamine, and GBR12909 that increase the synaptic levels of ACh and DA respectively all increased impulsive behavior. Nicotine 50-58 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 11-33 30393121-5 2018 Drugs like nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR) agonist nicotine, amphetamine, and GBR12909 that increase the synaptic levels of ACh and DA respectively all increased impulsive behavior. Nicotine 50-58 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 35-40 30036686-6 2018 In vitro, nicotine (0.1-10 muM) reduced the expression of LXRalpha, LXRbeta, SR-B1, ABCA1 and ABCG1 in a concentration dependent manner, which could be annulled by nAChR antagonist and LXR agonist. Nicotine 10-18 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 164-169 30036686-7 2018 Taken together, nicotine could inhibit the expression of SR-B1, ABCA1 and ABCG1 via nAChR and LXR alpha/beta in female placentas, finally leading to reduced blood cholesterol levels in fetal rats. Nicotine 16-24 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 84-89 29770521-9 2018 nAChR antagonists did not intensify kainate neurotoxicity and inhibited the neuroprotective effects of nicotine. Nicotine 103-111 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 0-5 29572652-11 2018 CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest differential roles for alpha4beta2 and alpha3beta4 nAChR on alcohol taking and seeking with selective blockade of alpha4beta2 nAChR being more implicated in modulating alcohol taking while selective blockade of alpha3beta4 nAChR is involved in nicotine-induced alcohol seeking. Nicotine 280-288 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 162-167 29631619-4 2018 Nicotine"s effect on chondrogenic differentiation was studied by exposing BMSCs to nicotine at 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 muM, and methyllycaconitine (MLA), which is a selective alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) inhibitor and si-RNA of nuclear factor of activated T cells 2 (NFATc2), were used to verify the molecular mechanism of nicotine"s effect. Nicotine 0-8 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 171-210 29631619-4 2018 Nicotine"s effect on chondrogenic differentiation was studied by exposing BMSCs to nicotine at 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 muM, and methyllycaconitine (MLA), which is a selective alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) inhibitor and si-RNA of nuclear factor of activated T cells 2 (NFATc2), were used to verify the molecular mechanism of nicotine"s effect. Nicotine 0-8 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 212-217 29631619-6 2018 Further in vitro study demonstrated that nicotine enhanced intracellular Ca2+ and activity of calcineurin (CaN) through alpha7-nAChR, increased the nucleic expressions of NFATc2 and the bindings to SOX9 promoter, and thus reduced the acetylation of H3K9 and H3K14 in SOX9 promoter. Nicotine 41-49 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 127-132 28971227-1 2018 RATIONALE: Nicotine acts as an agonist for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), and mecamylamine, a nonselective nAChR antagonist, attenuates effects of nicotine on delay discounting in some rat strains; whether nicotine"s attenuation is specific to nAChR antagonism is unknown. Nicotine 11-19 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 78-83 29178785-0 2017 Highly Selective and Potent alpha4beta2 nAChR Antagonist Inhibits Nicotine Self-Administration and Reinstatement in Rats. Nicotine 66-74 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 40-45 29178785-1 2017 The alpha4beta2 nAChR is the most predominant subtype in the brain and is a well-known culprit for nicotine addiction. Nicotine 99-107 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 16-21 28693859-0 2017 The alpha3beta4 nAChR partial agonist AT-1001 attenuates stress-induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking in a rat model of relapse and induces minimal withdrawal in dependent rats. Nicotine 89-97 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 16-21 28698187-1 2017 The alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is important in central nervous system physiology and in mediating several of the pharmacological effects of nicotine on cognition, attention, and affective states. Nicotine 166-174 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 50-55 28693859-3 2017 Recent genetic and preclinical studies have highlighted the involvement of the alpha3, beta4, and alpha5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits and the alpha3beta4 nAChR subtype in nicotine dependence and withdrawal. Nicotine 192-200 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 175-180 28693859-5 2017 We previously reported that the alpha3beta4 nAChR partial agonist AT-1001 selectively decreases nicotine self-administration in rats without affecting food responding. Nicotine 96-104 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 44-49 28693859-11 2017 Our data suggest that alpha3beta4 nAChR-targeted compounds may be a promising approach for nicotine addiction treatment because they can not only block nicotine"s reinforcing effects, but also decrease motivation to relapse without producing significant withdrawal effects. Nicotine 91-99 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 34-39 28693859-11 2017 Our data suggest that alpha3beta4 nAChR-targeted compounds may be a promising approach for nicotine addiction treatment because they can not only block nicotine"s reinforcing effects, but also decrease motivation to relapse without producing significant withdrawal effects. Nicotine 152-160 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 34-39 27428758-3 2016 OBJECTIVES: To evaluate possible differences in the expression of nAChR subunit and dopamine receptor (DR) mRNAs following voluntary nicotine intake. Nicotine 133-141 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 66-71 28011981-10 2017 This nicotine-induced enhancement of Pavlovian alcohol-seeking was blocked by pre-treatment with the nAChR antagonist mecamylamine. Nicotine 5-13 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 101-106 27974613-5 2016 Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) administration of nicotine or ABT-418, an alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist, normalized MSO task performance in ketamine-treated rats and this effect was blocked by GABAA receptor antagonism. Nicotine 45-53 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 115-120 28064347-4 2017 This effect of nicotine was blocked by methyllycaconitine, a selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist, and dihydro-beta-erythroidine, a selective alpha4beta2 nAChR antagonist. Nicotine 15-23 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 112-117 28064347-4 2017 This effect of nicotine was blocked by methyllycaconitine, a selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist, and dihydro-beta-erythroidine, a selective alpha4beta2 nAChR antagonist. Nicotine 15-23 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 186-191 28064347-10 2017 These results suggest that nicotine inhibits doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide-induced cognitive impairment via alpha7 nAChR and alpha4beta2 nAChR, and also enhances hippocampal neurogenesis. Nicotine 27-35 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 118-123 28064347-10 2017 These results suggest that nicotine inhibits doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide-induced cognitive impairment via alpha7 nAChR and alpha4beta2 nAChR, and also enhances hippocampal neurogenesis. Nicotine 27-35 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 140-145 27573375-2 2016 Nicotine primarily acts in the brain on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), which are also a target for alcohol. Nicotine 0-8 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 40-73 27573375-2 2016 Nicotine primarily acts in the brain on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), which are also a target for alcohol. Nicotine 0-8 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 75-80 27573375-3 2016 The alpha6 subunit of nAChR is expressed almost exclusively in the brain reward system and may modulate the rewarding properties of alcohol and nicotine. Nicotine 144-152 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 22-27 27428758-11 2016 CONCLUSION: Modulation of nAChR and DR gene expression by nicotine may have clinical implications and aid drug development. Nicotine 58-66 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 26-31 26843531-8 2016 Thus, our results indicate that both alpha4beta2- and alpha7-nAChRs mediated nicotine-induced [Ca(2+)]i oscillations, and two nAChR subtypes differentially regulated SCO. Nicotine 77-85 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 61-66 26867505-12 2016 alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonists mimicked the effect of nicotine and selective removal of hippocampal cholinergic input caused depotentiation in the absence of nicotine, suggesting that nicotine depotentiates consolidated LTP by inducing alpha7 nAChR desensitization. Nicotine 83-91 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 41-46 26499267-4 2016 Nicotine"s effects on fetal articular chondrocytes were studied by exposing chondrocytes to nicotine for 10 d, and dihydro-beta-erythroidine, a selective alpha4beta2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) inhibitor, was used to identify the change of nicotine"s effect. Nicotine 0-8 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 154-198 26499267-4 2016 Nicotine"s effects on fetal articular chondrocytes were studied by exposing chondrocytes to nicotine for 10 d, and dihydro-beta-erythroidine, a selective alpha4beta2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) inhibitor, was used to identify the change of nicotine"s effect. Nicotine 0-8 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 200-205 26499267-7 2016 The result of chondrocytes revealed that nicotine impeded the expression of Col2A1, aggrecan, and IGF1; blocking alpha4beta2-nAChR rescued nicotine"s suppression. Nicotine 139-147 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 125-130 26499267-8 2016 In conclusion, PNE increases the susceptibility of adult offspring to OA; the potential mechanism involves IGF1 low-functional programming in articular cartilage caused directly by the action of nicotine on alpha4beta2-nAChR. Nicotine 195-203 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 219-224 26256075-10 2015 Since the selective alpha3beta4 nAChR functional antagonist AT-1001 has also been shown to block nicotine self-administration in rats, the present results suggest that alpha3beta4 nAChRs may be a target for the treatment of cocaine addiction as well as for cocaine-nicotine comorbid addiction. Nicotine 97-105 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 32-37 26359313-2 2015 Previous preclinical studies have implicated alpha4beta2 and alpha7 nAChRs as potential mediators of the antinociceptive effects of (-)-nicotine hydrogen tartrate (nicotine) and other nAChR agonists; however, these studies have relied exclusively on measures of pain-stimulated behavior, which can be defined as behaviors that increase in frequency, rate, or intensity after presentation of a noxious stimulus. Nicotine 136-144 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 68-73 26386153-5 2016 We found that early postnatal nicotine exposure significantly decreased not only the number of alpha2-mRNA-expressing interneurons in the stratum oriens/alveus, but also alpha2*-nAChR-mediated responses in OLM cells. Nicotine 30-38 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 178-183 26386153-6 2016 These effects of nicotine were prevented by co-administration with the nonselective nAChR antagonist mecamylamine, suggesting that nicotine-induced activation, but not desensitization, of nAChRs mediates the effects. Nicotine 17-25 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 84-89 26386153-6 2016 These effects of nicotine were prevented by co-administration with the nonselective nAChR antagonist mecamylamine, suggesting that nicotine-induced activation, but not desensitization, of nAChRs mediates the effects. Nicotine 131-139 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 84-89 26386153-8 2016 However, these alpha2*-nAChR-mediated effects were profoundly reduced after early postnatal nicotine exposure, suggesting altered control of CA1 circuits by alpha2*-nAChR-expressing OLM cells. Nicotine 92-100 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 165-170 25689019-4 2015 AT-1001 is a high affinity alpha3beta4 nAChR partial agonist recently found to block nicotine self-administration and relapse-like behavior in rats. Nicotine 85-93 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 39-44 26009767-2 2015 Here we report that methacholine (MCh), a selective agonist of mAChRs, inhibited up to 80% of nicotine-induced nAChR currents in sympathetic superior cervical ganglion neurons and adrenal chromaffin cells. Nicotine 94-102 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 111-116 25683952-11 2015 nAChR ligands including nicotine is thought to be useful as a treatment for Alzheimer"s disease. Nicotine 24-32 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 0-5 25388292-1 2015 RATIONAL: Nicotine use in schizophrenia has traditionally been explained as "self-medication" of cognitive and/or nicotinic acetylcholinergic receptor (nAChR) abnormalities. Nicotine 10-18 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 114-150 25388292-1 2015 RATIONAL: Nicotine use in schizophrenia has traditionally been explained as "self-medication" of cognitive and/or nicotinic acetylcholinergic receptor (nAChR) abnormalities. Nicotine 10-18 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 152-157 25440006-0 2015 AT-1001: a high-affinity alpha3beta4 nAChR ligand with novel nicotine-suppressive pharmacology. Nicotine 61-69 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 37-42 25440006-2 2015 AT-1001 has been recently described as a high-affinity and selective alpha3beta4 nAChR antagonist that blocks nicotine self-administration in rats. Nicotine 110-118 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 81-86 25810076-9 2015 These results demonstrate that nicotine modulates gamma oscillations via alpha7 and alpha4beta2 nAChR as well as NMDA activation, suggesting that nAChR activation may have a therapeutic role for the clinical disorder such as schizophrenia, which is known to have impaired gamma oscillation and hypo-NMDA receptor function. Nicotine 31-39 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 96-101 25810076-9 2015 These results demonstrate that nicotine modulates gamma oscillations via alpha7 and alpha4beta2 nAChR as well as NMDA activation, suggesting that nAChR activation may have a therapeutic role for the clinical disorder such as schizophrenia, which is known to have impaired gamma oscillation and hypo-NMDA receptor function. Nicotine 31-39 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 146-151 24825168-2 2014 This study aimed to investigate the major subtype of calcium channels located on cerebral peri-vascular sympathetic nerves, which is involved in nicotine-induced alpha3beta2-nAChR-mediated nitrergic vasodilation in basilar arteries. Nicotine 145-153 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 174-179 25128791-5 2014 The goal of the present study was to determine the effects of the alpha4beta2*/alpha6beta2* nAChR agonist ABT-089 and the alpha7 nAChR agonist ABT-107 on nicotine taking and seeking in rats. Nicotine 154-162 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 129-134 23992036-4 2013 Long-term nicotine treatment selectively decreased stimulated alpha6beta2* nAChR-mediated dopamine release compared with vehicle-treated rats. Nicotine 10-18 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 75-80 24389946-6 2014 RESULTS: Co-application of the nAChR agonist nicotine (1 mumol/L) and the mGluR1 agonist dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG, 25 mumol/L) was able to induce gamma oscillation in MSDB slices. Nicotine 45-53 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 31-36 24484986-6 2014 Receptor antagonists that selectivity target central nAChR subtypes mediating nicotine-evoked DA release should have efficacy as tobacco use cessation agents with the therapeutic advantage of a limited side-effect profile. Nicotine 78-86 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 53-58 24484986-11 2014 More recent data have shown that novel, nonquaternary bis-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine analogs potently inhibit (IC50<1nM) nicotine-evoked DA release in vitro by acting as antagonists at alpha-CtxMII-sensitive nAChR subtypes; these compounds also decrease NIC self-administration in rats. Nicotine 124-132 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 211-216 24525957-5 2014 Chronic nicotine exposure increased alpha7-nAChR mRNA and protein expression, and elevated resting [Ca(2+)]i in cultured rat ASMCs. Nicotine 8-16 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 43-48 24525957-7 2014 Nicotine-induced Ca(2+) response was reversibly blocked by the alpha7-nAChR nicotinic antagonists, methyllycaconitine and alpha-bungarotoxin. Nicotine 0-8 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 70-75 24525957-8 2014 Small interfering RNA suppression of alpha7-nAChR also substantially blunted the Ca(2+) responses induced by nicotine. Nicotine 109-117 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 44-49 24525957-9 2014 CONCLUSION: These observations suggest that nicotine elevates [Ca(2+)]i in ASMCs through alpha7-nAChR-mediated signals pathways, and highlight the possibility that alpha7-nAChR can be considered as a potential target for the treatment of airway remodeling.that nicotine elevates [Ca(2+)]i in ASMCs through alpha7-nAChR-mediated signals pathways, and highlight the possibility that alpha7-nAChR can be considered as a potential target for the treatment of airway remodeling. Nicotine 44-52 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 96-101 24525957-9 2014 CONCLUSION: These observations suggest that nicotine elevates [Ca(2+)]i in ASMCs through alpha7-nAChR-mediated signals pathways, and highlight the possibility that alpha7-nAChR can be considered as a potential target for the treatment of airway remodeling.that nicotine elevates [Ca(2+)]i in ASMCs through alpha7-nAChR-mediated signals pathways, and highlight the possibility that alpha7-nAChR can be considered as a potential target for the treatment of airway remodeling. Nicotine 44-52 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 171-176 24525957-9 2014 CONCLUSION: These observations suggest that nicotine elevates [Ca(2+)]i in ASMCs through alpha7-nAChR-mediated signals pathways, and highlight the possibility that alpha7-nAChR can be considered as a potential target for the treatment of airway remodeling.that nicotine elevates [Ca(2+)]i in ASMCs through alpha7-nAChR-mediated signals pathways, and highlight the possibility that alpha7-nAChR can be considered as a potential target for the treatment of airway remodeling. Nicotine 44-52 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 171-176 24525957-9 2014 CONCLUSION: These observations suggest that nicotine elevates [Ca(2+)]i in ASMCs through alpha7-nAChR-mediated signals pathways, and highlight the possibility that alpha7-nAChR can be considered as a potential target for the treatment of airway remodeling.that nicotine elevates [Ca(2+)]i in ASMCs through alpha7-nAChR-mediated signals pathways, and highlight the possibility that alpha7-nAChR can be considered as a potential target for the treatment of airway remodeling. Nicotine 44-52 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 171-176 24525957-9 2014 CONCLUSION: These observations suggest that nicotine elevates [Ca(2+)]i in ASMCs through alpha7-nAChR-mediated signals pathways, and highlight the possibility that alpha7-nAChR can be considered as a potential target for the treatment of airway remodeling.that nicotine elevates [Ca(2+)]i in ASMCs through alpha7-nAChR-mediated signals pathways, and highlight the possibility that alpha7-nAChR can be considered as a potential target for the treatment of airway remodeling. Nicotine 261-269 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 171-176 24525957-9 2014 CONCLUSION: These observations suggest that nicotine elevates [Ca(2+)]i in ASMCs through alpha7-nAChR-mediated signals pathways, and highlight the possibility that alpha7-nAChR can be considered as a potential target for the treatment of airway remodeling.that nicotine elevates [Ca(2+)]i in ASMCs through alpha7-nAChR-mediated signals pathways, and highlight the possibility that alpha7-nAChR can be considered as a potential target for the treatment of airway remodeling. Nicotine 261-269 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 171-176 24525957-9 2014 CONCLUSION: These observations suggest that nicotine elevates [Ca(2+)]i in ASMCs through alpha7-nAChR-mediated signals pathways, and highlight the possibility that alpha7-nAChR can be considered as a potential target for the treatment of airway remodeling.that nicotine elevates [Ca(2+)]i in ASMCs through alpha7-nAChR-mediated signals pathways, and highlight the possibility that alpha7-nAChR can be considered as a potential target for the treatment of airway remodeling. Nicotine 261-269 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 171-176 23992036-9 2013 As antagonists function by blocking the action of acetylcholine, their ineffectiveness suggests that reduced acetylcholine levels partly underlie the dampened alpha6beta2* nAChR-mediated function in nicotine-treated rats. Nicotine 199-207 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 172-177 23261423-1 2013 Nicotine (NIC), the main psychostimulant compound of smoked tobacco, exerts its effects through activation of central nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), which become up-regulated after chronic administration. Nicotine 0-8 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 153-158 23831084-3 2013 Nicotine activates the mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAchR). Nicotine 0-8 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 62-95 23831084-3 2013 Nicotine activates the mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAchR). Nicotine 0-8 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 97-102 23836294-3 2013 Ghrelin and nicotine activates the mesolimbicocortical dopaminergic pathways via growth hormone secretagogue receptors (GHS-R1A) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAchR), respectively, resulting in the release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens, the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex. Nicotine 12-20 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 133-166 23836294-3 2013 Ghrelin and nicotine activates the mesolimbicocortical dopaminergic pathways via growth hormone secretagogue receptors (GHS-R1A) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAchR), respectively, resulting in the release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens, the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex. Nicotine 12-20 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 168-173 23474704-13 2013 The nicotine-induced spiking activity (large-amplitude population spikes) was suppressed by the nAChR antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine (0.3 mumol/L). Nicotine 4-12 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 96-101 23554501-6 2013 Accordingly, in vivo production of endogenous PPARalpha ligands, triggered by alpha7-nAChR activation, blocks in rats nicotine-induced increased firing activity of dopamine neurons and displays antidepressant-like properties. Nicotine 118-126 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 85-90 23373725-9 2013 Nicotine treatment led to declines in the striatal dopamine transporter, alpha6beta2* nAChRs and various components of alpha6beta2* and alpha4beta2* nAChR-mediated release. Nicotine 0-8 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 86-91 23261423-1 2013 Nicotine (NIC), the main psychostimulant compound of smoked tobacco, exerts its effects through activation of central nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), which become up-regulated after chronic administration. Nicotine 10-13 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 153-158 22962286-8 2013 Acute exposure to nicotine (1 muM added to culture media) produced an 80% reduction in nAChR antibody binding to the alpha7 subunit (P < 0.05, n = 9). Nicotine 18-26 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 87-92 22899752-1 2012 Chronic nicotine administration increases alpha4beta2 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) density in brain. Nicotine 8-16 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 97-102 22807215-3 2012 Exposure to nicotine predominantly induced mRNA expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) among the different neurotrophic factors examined in cultured astrocytes, in a manner sensitive to nAChR antagonists, nifedipine, and aCa(2+) chelator. Nicotine 12-20 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 212-217 22847530-6 2013 NNN-induced inhibition of nicotine-evoked alpha3beta4 nAChR activity was dose-dependent with an inhibitory constant (IC(50)) of 0.92 +- 0.05 mM. Nicotine 26-34 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 54-59 22899752-8 2012 We used a newly developed method involving radioligand binding to measure the concentrations and nAChR occupancy of saz-A, nicotine, and varenicline in brains from chronically treated rats. Nicotine 123-131 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 97-102 22899752-11 2012 These findings reinforce a model of nicotine addiction based on desensitization of up-regulated nAChRs and introduce a potential new strategy for smoking cessation therapy in which drugs such as saz-A can promote smoking cessation without maintaining nAChR up-regulation, thereby potentially increasing the rate of long-term abstinence from nicotine. Nicotine 36-44 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 96-101 22503967-2 2012 In animals, both nAChR antagonists and immunization against nicotine can reduce nAChR activation by nicotine and block a variety of addiction-relevant behaviors. Nicotine 60-68 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 80-85 22550286-6 2012 However, it acted as a partial agonist on alpha6beta2* and alpha4beta2* nAChR-mediated [(3)H]dopamine release with maximal efficacies of 49 and 24%, respectively, compared with nicotine. Nicotine 177-185 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 72-77 22550286-9 2012 Functionally, it potently stimulated both alpha6beta2* (EC(50) = 0.014 muM) and alpha4beta2* (EC(50) = 0.029 muM) nAChR-mediated [(3)H]dopamine release from monkey striatal synaptosomes, again acting as a partial agonist relative to nicotine at both subtypes. Nicotine 233-241 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 114-119 22956827-8 2012 mPFC infusion of a non-alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist mecamylamine blocked the excitatory effect of systemic nicotine on the VTA DA neurons with type-I response, but mPFC infusion of nicotine failed to excite these neurons. Nicotine 137-145 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 64-69 22956827-8 2012 mPFC infusion of a non-alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist mecamylamine blocked the excitatory effect of systemic nicotine on the VTA DA neurons with type-I response, but mPFC infusion of nicotine failed to excite these neurons. Nicotine 211-219 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 64-69 22956827-9 2012 These results suggest that nAChR activation in the mPFC is necessary, but not sufficient, for systemic nicotine-induced excitation of VTA neurons. Nicotine 103-111 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 27-32 22609758-6 2012 Target specificity was validated after blocking with potent alpha7 nAChR agonists ABBF, PNU282987 and nicotine. Nicotine 102-110 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 67-72 22503967-2 2012 In animals, both nAChR antagonists and immunization against nicotine can reduce nAChR activation by nicotine and block a variety of addiction-relevant behaviors. Nicotine 100-108 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 17-22 22503967-2 2012 In animals, both nAChR antagonists and immunization against nicotine can reduce nAChR activation by nicotine and block a variety of addiction-relevant behaviors. Nicotine 100-108 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 80-85 22357947-8 2012 Consistently, CST peptides blocked various stages of nAChR signal transduction, such as nicotine- or acetylcholine-evoked inward current, rise in intracellular Ca(2+) and catecholamine secretion in or from neuron-differentiated PC12 cells, in the same rank order. Nicotine 88-96 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 53-58 22308197-4 2012 Using receptor binding studies followed by immunoprecipitation of nAChR subunits, we showed that adolescent nicotine exposure, as compared with saline, caused an increase in mPFC nAChRs containing alpha4 or beta2 subunits (24 and 18%, respectively) 24 h after the last injection. Nicotine 108-116 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 66-71 22278092-8 2012 These results suggest that its inhibition of nicotine self-administration in rats is not directly due to a decrease in dopamine release from the NAc, and most likely involves an indirect pathway requiring alpha3beta4 nAChR. Nicotine 45-53 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 217-222 22278092-9 2012 In conclusion, our studies provide further evidence for the involvement of alpha3beta4 nAChR in nicotine self-administration. Nicotine 96-104 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 87-92 22127290-7 2012 In isolated CB cells the nAChR agonists nicotine, acetylcholine and cytisine all evoke inward currents with similar potencies. Nicotine 40-48 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 25-30 22323734-2 2012 Nicotine-induced upregulation is the long-lasting increase in nAChR radioligand binding sites in brain resulting from exposure. Nicotine 0-8 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 62-67 22323734-5 2012 Using live rat cortical neurons, we examined for the first time how exposure and withdrawal of nicotine shape the kinetics of native alpha4beta2-containing nAChR upregulation in real time. Nicotine 95-103 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 156-161 22039577-8 2011 Low-dose nicotine (0.02 mg) reached > 80% nAChR(OCC) while at higher doses (0.25 mg) > 90% nAChR(OCC) was measured. Nicotine 9-17 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 45-50 21884524-6 2011 Pre-treatment with selective alpha7nicotinic acetylcholine receptor(nAChR) antagonist (methyllycaconitine), but not the alpha4 nAChR antagonist (dihydro-beta-erythroidine), could prevent the neuroprotective effect of nicotine on AIF release/translocation, suggesting that nicotine inhibits the caspase-independent death pathway in a alpha7 nAChR-dependent fashion. Nicotine 217-225 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 68-73 21884524-6 2011 Pre-treatment with selective alpha7nicotinic acetylcholine receptor(nAChR) antagonist (methyllycaconitine), but not the alpha4 nAChR antagonist (dihydro-beta-erythroidine), could prevent the neuroprotective effect of nicotine on AIF release/translocation, suggesting that nicotine inhibits the caspase-independent death pathway in a alpha7 nAChR-dependent fashion. Nicotine 272-280 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 68-73 21884524-9 2011 These findings indicate that the alpha7 nAChR activation and PI3K/Akt transduction signaling contribute to the neuroprotective effects of nicotine against Abeta-induced cell death by modulating caspase-independent death pathways. Nicotine 138-146 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 40-45 21091651-4 2011 EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Depressor responses to nicotine microinjected into the NTS of Wistar-Kyoto rats were elicited in the absence and presence of an antagonist of alpha7 nAChR, the calcium chelator ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid, a calmodulin-specific inhibitor, nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) inhibitor, endothelial NOS (eNOS)-selective inhibitor or neuronal NOS (nNOS)-specific inhibitor. Nicotine 46-54 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 172-177 21091651-6 2011 This depressor effect of nicotine was attenuated after pretreatment with a nAChR antagonist or blockers of the calmodulin-eNOS pathway. Nicotine 25-33 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 75-80 23056257-7 2012 Both effects of nicotine were significantly prevented by the heteromeric alpha4beta2 nAChR subtype antagonists dihydro-beta-erythroidine and 4-(5-ethoxy-3-pyridinyl)-N-methyl-(3E)-3-buten-1-amine, but not by the homomeric alpha7 nAChR subtype antagonist methyllycaconitine, in murine progenitors. Nicotine 16-24 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 85-90 22792283-4 2012 Furthermore, memantine significantly inhibited nicotine-elicited inward currents in Xenopous oocytes expressing alpha3beta2-, alpha7- or alpha4beta2-nAChR, and nicotine-induced calcium influx in cultured rat SCG neurons. Nicotine 47-55 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 149-154 22039577-8 2011 Low-dose nicotine (0.02 mg) reached > 80% nAChR(OCC) while at higher doses (0.25 mg) > 90% nAChR(OCC) was measured. Nicotine 9-17 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 51-54 22039577-8 2011 Low-dose nicotine (0.02 mg) reached > 80% nAChR(OCC) while at higher doses (0.25 mg) > 90% nAChR(OCC) was measured. Nicotine 9-17 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 45-55 21330654-13 2011 NT, which did not result in either cell death or proliferation, induced beta1 nAchR, upregulated VEGF, and downregulated PEDF expression through nAChR in ARPE-19 cells. Nicotine 0-2 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 78-83 20924754-2 2011 Varenicline, a partial alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist, is effective in reducing nicotine craving and relapse in smokers, suggesting that alpha4beta2 nAChRs may play a key role in nicotine dependence. Nicotine 110-118 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 69-74 21232049-2 2011 Previous results show that the alpha6beta2* nAChR antagonist, N,N"-dodecane-1,12-diyl-bis-3-picolinium dibromide (bPiDDB) inhibits nicotine-evoked dopamine release from dorsal striatum and decreases nicotine self-administration in rats. Nicotine 131-139 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 44-49 21232049-2 2011 Previous results show that the alpha6beta2* nAChR antagonist, N,N"-dodecane-1,12-diyl-bis-3-picolinium dibromide (bPiDDB) inhibits nicotine-evoked dopamine release from dorsal striatum and decreases nicotine self-administration in rats. Nicotine 199-207 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 44-49 20664070-7 2010 In IH-treated rats, nAChR mRNAs were downregulated in AMC, which resulted in a markedly attenuated nicotine-evoked elevation in [Ca(2+)](i) and subsequent catecholamine secretion. Nicotine 99-107 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 20-25 20673759-2 2010 We have shown that nicotine ameliorated disruption of prepulse inhibition (PPI) via the alpha(7) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in Wistar rats. Nicotine 19-27 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 131-136 20211606-4 2010 Robust concentration-dependent increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation was triggered by structurally diverse alpha7 nAChR agonists such as nicotine, choline, GTS-21, SSR-180711A and PNU-282987 in the presence of the positive allosteric modulator (PAM) PNU-120596. Nicotine 134-142 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 111-116 20439469-1 2010 Long-term nicotine exposure changes neuronal acetylcholine nicotinic receptor (nAChR) subtype expression in the brains of smokers and experimental animals. Nicotine 10-18 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 36-77 20439469-1 2010 Long-term nicotine exposure changes neuronal acetylcholine nicotinic receptor (nAChR) subtype expression in the brains of smokers and experimental animals. Nicotine 10-18 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 79-84 20439469-2 2010 The aim of this study was to investigate nicotine-induced changes in nAChR expression in two models commonly used to describe the effects of nicotine in animals: operant (two-lever presses) intravenous self-administration (SA) and passive subcutaneous nicotine administration via an osmotic minipump (MP). Nicotine 41-49 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 69-74 20200117-10 2010 The decline in AIMs with combined nicotine and mecamylamine treatment was not additive, suggesting that nicotine exerts its effects via a nAChR interaction. Nicotine 34-42 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 138-143 20200117-10 2010 The decline in AIMs with combined nicotine and mecamylamine treatment was not additive, suggesting that nicotine exerts its effects via a nAChR interaction. Nicotine 104-112 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 138-143 20200117-11 2010 This latter finding, combined with data showing that mecamylamine reduced AIMs to a similar extent as nicotine, and that nicotine or mecamylamine treatment both decreased alpha6beta2* and increased alpha4beta2* nAChR expression, suggests that the nicotine-mediated improvement in L-DOPA-induced AIMs may involve a desensitization block. Nicotine 121-129 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 211-216 20200117-11 2010 This latter finding, combined with data showing that mecamylamine reduced AIMs to a similar extent as nicotine, and that nicotine or mecamylamine treatment both decreased alpha6beta2* and increased alpha4beta2* nAChR expression, suggests that the nicotine-mediated improvement in L-DOPA-induced AIMs may involve a desensitization block. Nicotine 121-129 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 211-216 19889792-6 2010 Furthermore, long-term 1-week administration of nicotine increased water content in hippocampal slices that could be attenuated with nicotine acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonists, suggesting nicotine increase edema during OGD via nAChRs. Nicotine 48-56 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 133-164 20004706-7 2010 The nicotine-induced theta activity was inhibited by non-selective nAChR antagonists and partially by an alpha7* nAChR antagonist. Nicotine 4-12 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 67-72 20004706-7 2010 The nicotine-induced theta activity was inhibited by non-selective nAChR antagonists and partially by an alpha7* nAChR antagonist. Nicotine 4-12 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 113-118 20004706-8 2010 The induction of theta frequency oscillations in CA3 by nicotine was mimicked alpha7* nAChR agonists but not by non-alpha7* nAChR agonists. Nicotine 56-64 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 86-91 19889792-6 2010 Furthermore, long-term 1-week administration of nicotine increased water content in hippocampal slices that could be attenuated with nicotine acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonists, suggesting nicotine increase edema during OGD via nAChRs. Nicotine 48-56 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 166-171 19889792-6 2010 Furthermore, long-term 1-week administration of nicotine increased water content in hippocampal slices that could be attenuated with nicotine acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonists, suggesting nicotine increase edema during OGD via nAChRs. Nicotine 133-141 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 166-171 19631612-6 2009 The current study determined if a recently discovered novel nAChR antagonist, N,N"-dodecane-1,12-diyl-bis-3-picolinium dibromide (bPiDDB), inhibits nicotine-evoked NE release from superfused rat hippocampal slices. Nicotine 148-156 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 60-65 19800911-4 2010 Nornicotine (N-desmethyl-nicotine) appears to activate different nAChR subtypes, has a better pharmacokinetic profile, and produces less toxicity than nicotine. Nicotine 3-11 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 65-70 19631612-10 2009 For comparison, the nonselective nAChR antagonist, mecamylamine, and the alpha7 antagonist, methyllycaconitine, also inhibited nicotine-evoked [(3)H]NE release (IC(50)=31 and 275 nM, respectively; I(max)=91% and 72%, respectively). Nicotine 127-135 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 33-38 19088301-1 2009 Previous research shows that nicotine increases dopamine (DA) clearance in rat prefrontal cortex (PFC) and striatum via a nicotinic receptor (nAChR)-mediated mechanism. Nicotine 29-37 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 142-147 19189985-7 2009 RESULTS: Nicotine-evoked NE release from rat hippocampal nerve terminals was nAChR- and Ca(2+)-dependent, involved both alpha7 and non-alpha7 subunit-containing nAChRs, and was partially dependent on voltage-gated Na(+) channel activation based on sensitivities to various antagonists. Nicotine 9-17 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 77-82 19088301-4 2009 nAChR mediation of the effect of nicotine on DAT function and trafficking in PFC was determined by pretreatment with mecamylamine, dihydro-beta-erythroidine, or methyllycaconitine. Nicotine 33-41 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 0-5 19164511-9 2009 In summary, nicotine elicits taste responses through peripheral TRPM5-dependent pathways, common to other bitter tastants, and nAChR-dependent and TRPM5-independent pathways, thus creating a unique sensory representation that contributes to the sensory experience of tobacco products. Nicotine 12-20 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 127-132 19047205-9 2009 Interestingly, each DAergic neuron predominantly expresses only one particularly functional nAChR subtype, which may have distinct but important roles in regulation of VTA DA neuronal function, DA transmission and nicotine dependence. Nicotine 214-222 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 92-97 18567834-6 2008 The subunit-nonselective nAChR antagonist hexamethonium (100 micromol/kg) and the selective alpha7-subunit antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA; 3 and 10 micromol/kg) decreased the nicotine-induced tachycardia by 100 and 40%, respectively (maximal effects), suggesting that nAChRs containing the alpha7-subunit account for 40% of the nicotine-induced tachycardia. Nicotine 179-187 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 25-30 18513920-6 2008 Treatment with nicotine (10 microM) or with the nicotinic receptor antagonists, mecamylamine (10 microM) or dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE) (5 microM) efficiently prevented the diazoxon-induced reduction in alpha4 and beta2 nAChR mRNA and protein in PC12 cells, but carbamaylcholine, a weak nAChR agonist, was ineffective. Nicotine 15-23 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 228-233 18536909-12 2008 CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine analogs with alpha4beta2 nAChR partial agonist and antagonist efficacies can inhibit self-administration and may be considered as prototypical smoking-cessation agents. Nicotine 13-21 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 47-52 18513920-6 2008 Treatment with nicotine (10 microM) or with the nicotinic receptor antagonists, mecamylamine (10 microM) or dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE) (5 microM) efficiently prevented the diazoxon-induced reduction in alpha4 and beta2 nAChR mRNA and protein in PC12 cells, but carbamaylcholine, a weak nAChR agonist, was ineffective. Nicotine 15-23 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 295-300 17235608-10 2007 CONCLUSIONS: These findings are consistent with the idea that production of acute behavioral tolerance by nicotine is related to its ability to induce nAChR desensitization at the cellular level. Nicotine 106-114 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 151-156 21783883-6 2008 Mecamylamine (10muM), dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE) (5muM) and nicotine (10muM) efficiently prevented the decrease of alpha(4) and beta(2) nAChR mRNA and protein in PC12 cells, but carbamaylcholine a weak agonist of nAChR was not efficient. Nicotine 69-77 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 145-150 21783883-6 2008 Mecamylamine (10muM), dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE) (5muM) and nicotine (10muM) efficiently prevented the decrease of alpha(4) and beta(2) nAChR mRNA and protein in PC12 cells, but carbamaylcholine a weak agonist of nAChR was not efficient. Nicotine 69-77 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 222-227 17727820-2 2007 One strategy is to develop subtype-selective nicotinic receptor (nAChR) antagonists that inhibit nicotine-evoked dopamine (DA) release, the primary neurotransmitter involved in nicotine reward. Nicotine 97-105 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 65-70 17727820-2 2007 One strategy is to develop subtype-selective nicotinic receptor (nAChR) antagonists that inhibit nicotine-evoked dopamine (DA) release, the primary neurotransmitter involved in nicotine reward. Nicotine 177-185 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 65-70 17727820-7 2007 TMPD completely inhibited (IC(50)=500 nM) nicotine-evoked DA release from superfused rat striatal slices, suggesting that TMPD acts as a nAChR antagonist at more than one subtype. Nicotine 42-50 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 137-142 17894865-5 2007 The effect of nicotine was mimicked by N-methyl-4-(3-pyridinyl)-3-butene-1-amine (RJR-2403, 100 microM), an alpha 4 beta 2-nAChR agonist, and was also mimicked by choline (10 mM), an alpha 7-nAChR agonist. Nicotine 14-22 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 123-128 17894865-5 2007 The effect of nicotine was mimicked by N-methyl-4-(3-pyridinyl)-3-butene-1-amine (RJR-2403, 100 microM), an alpha 4 beta 2-nAChR agonist, and was also mimicked by choline (10 mM), an alpha 7-nAChR agonist. Nicotine 14-22 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 191-196 17894865-6 2007 The effect of nicotine was completely blocked by the nAChR antagonist mecamylamine (5 microM). Nicotine 14-22 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 53-58 17443794-8 2007 Nicotine at all three doses significantly reduced body weight gain and increased mRNA expression of NPY, AgRP, and POMC effects, which were blocked by dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE), an alpha4beta2* nAChR antagonist, but CART expression was unaffected. Nicotine 0-8 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 204-209 17241745-2 2007 This study shows that acute intermittent nicotine treatment significantly enhances neuronal precursor cell proliferation in the SVZ of adult rat brain, but not in the SGZ of the hippocampus, and pre-treatment with mecamylamine, a nonselective nAChR antagonist, blocks the enhanced precursor proliferation by nicotine. Nicotine 41-49 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 243-248 16949560-2 2006 This study evaluated the disruptive effects of nicotine on response rates in the presence of bupropion and the nAChR antagonist, mecamylamine, as well as the ability of these drugs to alter nicotine-stimulated nAChR function in various brain areas. Nicotine 190-198 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 210-215 16950410-3 2006 However, it remains to be elucidated which subtypes of nAChR are involved in the antinociceptive effect of nicotine on nerve injury-induced allodynia and the underlying cascades of the nAChR-mediated antiallodynic effect. Nicotine 107-115 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 55-60 16950410-3 2006 However, it remains to be elucidated which subtypes of nAChR are involved in the antinociceptive effect of nicotine on nerve injury-induced allodynia and the underlying cascades of the nAChR-mediated antiallodynic effect. Nicotine 107-115 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 185-190 16950410-5 2006 It was found that the intrathecal injection of nicotine, RJR-2403, a selective alpha4beta2 nAChR agonist, and choline, a selective alpha7 nAChR agonist, produced an antinociceptive effect on the TNT-induced allodynia. Nicotine 47-55 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 91-96 16950410-5 2006 It was found that the intrathecal injection of nicotine, RJR-2403, a selective alpha4beta2 nAChR agonist, and choline, a selective alpha7 nAChR agonist, produced an antinociceptive effect on the TNT-induced allodynia. Nicotine 47-55 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 138-143 16950410-6 2006 The actions of nicotine were almost completely suppressed by pretreatment with mecamylamine, a non-selective nicotinic antagonist, or dihydro-beta-erythroidine, a selective alpha4beta2 nAChR antagonist, and partially reversed by pretreatment with methyllycaconitine, a selective alpha7 nAChR antagonist. Nicotine 15-23 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 185-190 16950410-6 2006 The actions of nicotine were almost completely suppressed by pretreatment with mecamylamine, a non-selective nicotinic antagonist, or dihydro-beta-erythroidine, a selective alpha4beta2 nAChR antagonist, and partially reversed by pretreatment with methyllycaconitine, a selective alpha7 nAChR antagonist. Nicotine 15-23 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 286-291 16010542-11 2006 CONCLUSION: These findings are consistent with the concept that the production of acute tolerance by nicotine in vivo correlates directly with its ability to induce nAChR desensitization at the cellular level. Nicotine 101-109 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 165-170 16626643-3 2006 To explore this further, this study examined the level of nAChR desensitization following acute and repeated nicotine administration in the male Lewis rat. Nicotine 109-117 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 58-63 16626643-7 2006 This decrease in nAChR functional status was also observed in rats treated with 1 day or 14 days of twice-daily nicotine administration. Nicotine 112-120 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 17-22 16553775-6 2006 (2) The nicotine-facilitated LTP was blocked by dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE), a non-alpha7 nAChR antagonist, whereas long-term depression (LTD) was produced by the combination of nicotine and methyllycaconitine, a alpha7-nAChR antagonist. Nicotine 8-16 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 98-103 16553775-6 2006 (2) The nicotine-facilitated LTP was blocked by dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE), a non-alpha7 nAChR antagonist, whereas long-term depression (LTD) was produced by the combination of nicotine and methyllycaconitine, a alpha7-nAChR antagonist. Nicotine 8-16 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 228-233 16553775-8 2006 This suggested that several nAChR subtypes were involved in the nicotine-facilitated synaptic plasticity. Nicotine 64-72 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 28-33 16214264-4 2006 The [(3)H]-NA release evoked by (-)-nicotine plus DHPG was totally abrogated by the nAChR antagonist mecamylamine. Nicotine 32-44 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 84-89 16153666-2 2006 Since chronic nicotine administration is known to result in desensitisation-induced upregulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), the present study investigated whether chronic pre-treatment could enhance the response to systemic nicotine and, if so, whether increases in specific nAChR subunit mRNA levels in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) may underlie this effect. Nicotine 14-22 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 135-140 16153666-5 2006 Eight days pre-treatment with nicotine also significantly elevated the levels of alpha6 (approximately 55%) and beta3 (approximately 43%) nAChR subunit mRNA in the SNc, suggesting that up-regulation of these nAChR subunit genes in the nigrostriatal tract may contribute to the enhanced nicotine-evoked striatal dopamine release. Nicotine 30-38 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 138-143 16153666-5 2006 Eight days pre-treatment with nicotine also significantly elevated the levels of alpha6 (approximately 55%) and beta3 (approximately 43%) nAChR subunit mRNA in the SNc, suggesting that up-regulation of these nAChR subunit genes in the nigrostriatal tract may contribute to the enhanced nicotine-evoked striatal dopamine release. Nicotine 30-38 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 208-213 16153666-5 2006 Eight days pre-treatment with nicotine also significantly elevated the levels of alpha6 (approximately 55%) and beta3 (approximately 43%) nAChR subunit mRNA in the SNc, suggesting that up-regulation of these nAChR subunit genes in the nigrostriatal tract may contribute to the enhanced nicotine-evoked striatal dopamine release. Nicotine 286-294 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 208-213 16005216-0 2005 The characterization of a novel rigid nicotine analog with alpha7-selective nAChR agonist activity and modulation of agonist properties by boron inclusion. Nicotine 38-46 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 76-81 16140176-2 2005 Owing to the relevance of cholinergic neurotransmission in the pathogenesis of Huntington"s disease (HD) this investigation was aimed to study the effect of nicotine, a nAChR agonist, on 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP)-induced neurodegeneration in female Wistar rats. Nicotine 157-165 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 169-174 16324106-11 2005 These results highlight the role of tonic nAChR activity in shaping excitatory inputs to hypoglossal motoneurons, and suggest that nAChR desensitization by ambient nicotine could contribute to disorders of tongue muscle movements. Nicotine 164-172 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 131-136 16005216-5 2005 Similar N-conjugation of S(-)nicotine with cyanoborane decreased efficacy for alpha3beta4 and alpha4beta2 receptors, as well as for alpha7 nAChR. Nicotine 29-37 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 139-144 15911141-6 2005 These results indicate that subjects deficient in nAChRs may be less sensitive to nAChR upregulation with nicotine than normal subjects and require higher doses or longer periods of exposure. Nicotine 106-114 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 50-55 15992581-5 2005 Other experiments revealed that in the absence of a depolarising stimulus, the nAChR agonists nicotine, epibatidine and anatoxin-a could evoke the release of [3H]D-aspartate in a Ca2+- and concentration-dependant manner. Nicotine 94-102 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 79-84 15483069-11 2005 Based on concentration response curves formed by nicotinic agonists [ACh, nicotine, dimethyl phenyl piperazinium (DMPP), cytisine] evidence emerged of two distinct nAChR differentially expressed in type 4 (alpha3beta4) and types 5 and 8 (alpha3beta4 alpha5). Nicotine 74-82 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 164-169 15934954-9 2005 The results show that chronic nicotine differentially affects the function of release-regulating nAChR subtypes. Nicotine 30-38 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 97-102 15165834-3 2004 The (-)-nicotine/NMDA combination elicited supraadditive release which was totally abolished by the nAChR blocker mecamylamine and partly prevented by selectively blocking NMDA receptors. Nicotine 4-16 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 100-105 15316087-2 2005 Previously, it was suggested that one of the nAChR subtypes located on striatal dopaminergic terminals may be an alpha3beta2 subtype, based on partial inhibition of nicotine-stimulated [(3)H]dopamine release by alpha-conotoxin MII, a potent inhibitor of heterologously expressed alpha3beta2 nAChRs. Nicotine 165-173 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 45-50 15652384-1 2005 Individual and strain variability in the effects of nicotine suggests the involvement of a genetic component in nicotinic cholinergic receptor (nAChR) function, which may help explain nicotine"s variable behavioral and pharmacological effects in different individuals. Nicotine 52-60 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 144-149 15652384-1 2005 Individual and strain variability in the effects of nicotine suggests the involvement of a genetic component in nicotinic cholinergic receptor (nAChR) function, which may help explain nicotine"s variable behavioral and pharmacological effects in different individuals. Nicotine 184-192 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 144-149 15178698-7 2004 Collectively, this electrophysiological, pharmacological, and molecular evidence indicates that nAChR alpha7 subunits and functional alpha7-nAChRs are expressed somatodendritically by midbrain DA neurons, where they may play important physiological roles and contribute to nicotine reinforcement and dependence. Nicotine 273-281 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 96-101 15135886-3 2004 Application of nicotine resulted in an abrupt increase in DAF-2T fluorescence in 65% of neuronal cell bodies that was fully sensitive to the general nAChR antagonist mecamylamine. Nicotine 15-23 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 149-154 14970833-7 2004 Adolescent nicotine exposure evoked robust nAChR upregulation and also suppressed cholinergic activity. Nicotine 11-19 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 43-48 14722323-2 2004 Nicotine interaction with the alpha7 nAChR inhibits Abeta (1-42) interaction with the same receptor, and the Abeta (1-42)-induced apoptosis is prevented through nicotine-induced activation of JAK2. Nicotine 0-8 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 37-42 14722323-1 2004 We have recently provided evidence for nicotine-induced complex formation between the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and the tyrosine-phosphorylated enzyme Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) that results in subsequent activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI-3-K) and Akt. Nicotine 39-47 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 127-132 14722323-2 2004 Nicotine interaction with the alpha7 nAChR inhibits Abeta (1-42) interaction with the same receptor, and the Abeta (1-42)-induced apoptosis is prevented through nicotine-induced activation of JAK2. Nicotine 161-169 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 37-42 14512281-6 2004 The nicotine-induced current was abolished by the neuronal nAChR antagonist mecamylamine. Nicotine 4-12 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 59-64 15164609-2 2004 Nicotine treatment activates neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) in peripheral and central nervous systems leading to depolarization and elevation of intracellular calcium levels, which are considered to cause stimulation of neurotransmitter release, synaptic transmission, intracellular signal transduction and gene expression. Nicotine 0-8 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 38-71 15164609-2 2004 Nicotine treatment activates neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) in peripheral and central nervous systems leading to depolarization and elevation of intracellular calcium levels, which are considered to cause stimulation of neurotransmitter release, synaptic transmission, intracellular signal transduction and gene expression. Nicotine 0-8 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 73-78 14512281-7 2004 The direction and magnitude of the shift in E(rev) of nicotine-induced current as a function of extracellular Na(+) concentration indicate that the nAChR channel is cation selective and follows that predicted by the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation assuming K(+)/Na(+) permeability ratio of 1.11. Nicotine 54-62 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 148-153 14512281-9 2004 Taken together, these results demonstrate that neuronal nAChR activation by cholinergic agonists evokes an inward current in CMECs carried primarily by Na(+), which may contribute to the plasma nicotine-induced changes in microvascular permeability and reactivity induced by elevations in plasma nicotine. Nicotine 194-202 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 56-61 14512281-9 2004 Taken together, these results demonstrate that neuronal nAChR activation by cholinergic agonists evokes an inward current in CMECs carried primarily by Na(+), which may contribute to the plasma nicotine-induced changes in microvascular permeability and reactivity induced by elevations in plasma nicotine. Nicotine 296-304 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 56-61 15366245-6 2004 Furthermore, nicotine (1.0 microM) exerted a greater increase in the firing frequency of VTA neurons relative to SNc neurons, suggesting that the differential effects on the two populations previously reported in vivo were due to a difference in the postsynaptic nAChR response and/or local synaptic circuits. Nicotine 13-21 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 263-268 14575899-2 2003 Vc responses to lingually applied pentanoic acid were significantly reduced following nicotine, and this was prevented when the nAChR antagonist mecamylamine was applied before or after nicotine. Nicotine 186-194 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 128-133 14575899-3 2003 A peripheral site of nicotine cross-desensitization is suggested via a nAChR-mediated reduction in acidic excitation of lingual nociceptors that project to Vc. Nicotine 21-29 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 71-76 12623221-5 2003 In the present study we evaluated whether chronic nicotine infusion could attenuate TBI-induced deficits in alpha 7* nAChr expression. Nicotine 50-58 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 117-122 14664825-1 2003 Activation of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) by nicotine has been suggested to protect neurons against a hypoxic insult. Nicotine 68-76 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 58-63 14664825-5 2003 This protective effect of nicotine was prevented by a 30-min pre-incubation with either 100 nM alpha-bungarotoxin or 1 microM dihydro-beta-erythroidine, but not 1 microM atropine, suggesting that activation of at least two subtypes of nAChR, alpha7 and beta2* nAChR, is involved in mediating nicotine neuroprotection. Nicotine 26-34 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 235-240 14664825-5 2003 This protective effect of nicotine was prevented by a 30-min pre-incubation with either 100 nM alpha-bungarotoxin or 1 microM dihydro-beta-erythroidine, but not 1 microM atropine, suggesting that activation of at least two subtypes of nAChR, alpha7 and beta2* nAChR, is involved in mediating nicotine neuroprotection. Nicotine 26-34 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 260-265 12748066-7 2003 Nicotine stimulation reduced forskolin-stimulated AC activity by 35%, and this inhibition was negated by either treatment with alpha-bungarotoxin, a specific antagonist of nAChR alpha 7, or cholesterol depletion from plasma membranes. Nicotine 0-8 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 172-177 14615005-12 2003 Further, long-term exposure to (-)-nicotine enhances calbindin-D(28k) expression in an alpha(7)* nAChR-dependent manner and antagonizes the effects of ethanol on calbindin-D(28k) expression. Nicotine 31-43 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 97-102 12890766-5 2003 Abeta1-42 appeared to inhibit presynaptic nAChR activation by nicotine. Nicotine 62-70 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 42-47 12852831-8 2003 Once nicotine was removed, nAChR recovered from desensitization gradually and the enhanced mAChR activity also subsided along with it. Nicotine 5-13 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 27-32 14568345-5 2003 NIC-induced [3H]-NE and [3H]-DA release responses were both calcium-dependent and attenuated by the sodium channel antagonist, tetrodotoxin (TTX) and by the nAChR antagonists mecamylamine (MEC) and dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE), but not by D-tubocurare (D-TC). Nicotine 0-3 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 157-162 14622152-4 2003 Using a previously validated model of in vitro superfusion, we show that the nAChR agonists nicotine (EC50 557 micro m), epibatidine (EC50 317 pm) and cytisine (EC50 4.83 nm) potentiated capsaicin-evoked iCGRP release in a concentration-dependent manner by 123, 70 and 76%, respectively. Nicotine 92-100 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 77-82 12766255-8 2003 Thus, the simplified N-n-alkylpyridinium analogs are potent, selective, and competitive antagonists of nAChRs mediating nicotine-evoked [3H]DA overflow, indicating that the N-methylpyrrolidino moiety is not a structural requirement for interaction with nAChR subtypes mediating nicotine-evoked DA release. Nicotine 120-128 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 103-108 12766255-8 2003 Thus, the simplified N-n-alkylpyridinium analogs are potent, selective, and competitive antagonists of nAChRs mediating nicotine-evoked [3H]DA overflow, indicating that the N-methylpyrrolidino moiety is not a structural requirement for interaction with nAChR subtypes mediating nicotine-evoked DA release. Nicotine 278-286 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 103-108 12753083-3 2003 The predominant nAChR labeled by agonists in the cerebral cortex is an alpha 4 beta 2 subtype, whereas the predominant nicotinic receptors in the adrenal gland, superior cervical ganglia and pineal gland contain an alpha 3 subunit, and they do not bind either [3H](-)nicotine or [3H]cytisine with high affinity. Nicotine 267-275 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 16-21 12623221-10 2003 TBI-induced deficits in alpha 7* nAChr density were reversed in four of the six hippocampal brain regions evaluated following chronic nicotine administration. Nicotine 134-142 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 33-38 12023541-11 2002 Linear Schild regression and slope not different from unity suggested that NONI competitively interacts with a single nAChR subtype to inhibit S(-)-nicotine-evoked [(3)H]DA release (K(i) value = 80.2 nM). Nicotine 144-156 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 118-123 12507696-6 2003 Miniature IPSC frequency could be enhanced by the nAChR agonists nicotine or cytisine. Nicotine 65-73 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 50-55 12507696-7 2003 Nicotine could still elicit large increases in mIPSC frequency in the presence of the alpha4beta2 nAChR antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine (5 microM) and the alpha7 nAChR-selective antagonist methyllycaconitine (40 nM). Nicotine 0-8 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 98-103 12507696-7 2003 Nicotine could still elicit large increases in mIPSC frequency in the presence of the alpha4beta2 nAChR antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine (5 microM) and the alpha7 nAChR-selective antagonist methyllycaconitine (40 nM). Nicotine 0-8 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 167-172 12384170-1 2002 The objective of this study was to compare nAChR-mediated neurotransmitter release from slices of rat striatum, frontal cortex and hippocampus following chronic (-)-nicotine (Nic) administration (tartrate salt, 2 mg/kg twice daily for 10 days). Nicotine 175-178 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 43-48 12126044-4 2002 The binding data revealed that the affinity of 5IA was the same as that of A-85380 and more than seven fold higher than that of (-)-nicotine, and that 5IA bound selectively to the alpha4beta2 nAChR subtype. Nicotine 128-140 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 192-197 12126044-7 2002 Administration of the nAChR agonists (-)-cytisine and (-)-nicotine reduced the uptake of [125I]5IA in all regions studied with most pronounced reduction in the thalamus, and resulted in similar levels of radioactivity throughout the brain. Nicotine 54-66 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 22-27 11712662-3 2001 (+/-)-Mecamylamine (Inversine), a classic nAChR antagonist, potently inhibits nicotine-induced seizures. Nicotine 78-86 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 42-47 11862357-1 2002 RATIONALE: Nicotine and agonists at subtypes of the nicotine acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) affect auditory gating, but the magnitude and direction of such effects appear highly variable. Nicotine 11-19 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 52-83 11862357-1 2002 RATIONALE: Nicotine and agonists at subtypes of the nicotine acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) affect auditory gating, but the magnitude and direction of such effects appear highly variable. Nicotine 11-19 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 85-90 11862357-7 2002 The effects of epibatidine, A-85380 and, to a lesser extent, nicotine were blocked by the non-selective nAChR antagonist mecamylamine. Nicotine 61-69 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 104-109 11041268-1 2000 Recently we have shown that the nicotinic receptor (nAChR) antagonist mecamylamine both when administered systemically and locally into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to chronically nicotine-treated rats reduces dopamine (DA) output in the nucleus accumbens (NAC) and elicits behavioral withdrawal signs. Nicotine 184-192 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 52-57 11251213-4 2001 Because a similar acceleration of DP was observed using the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-selective antagonist methyllcaconitine (MLA), the nicotine effect appeared to be at least partly mediated by nicotine-induced desensitization of alpha7 nAChRs. Nicotine 158-166 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 101-106 11251214-5 2001 The effect of nicotine was mimicked by the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist methyllycaconitine and blocked by the non-alpha7 nAChR antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine, suggesting that both nicotine-mediated desensitization of alpha7 nAChRs and activation of non-alpha7 nAChRs contribute to the nicotine effect. Nicotine 14-22 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 84-89 11251214-5 2001 The effect of nicotine was mimicked by the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist methyllycaconitine and blocked by the non-alpha7 nAChR antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine, suggesting that both nicotine-mediated desensitization of alpha7 nAChRs and activation of non-alpha7 nAChRs contribute to the nicotine effect. Nicotine 14-22 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 151-156 11044743-2 2000 However, the mechanisms by which nAChR function in developing and mature brain is affected by a smoker"s level of nicotine (50-500 nM) remain unclear. Nicotine 114-122 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 33-38 11044743-5 2000 Continuous exposure for 10-15 min of the neurons to nicotine (0.5-2.5 microM) inhibited alpha7 nAChR-mediated currents (IC(50)=640 nM) evoked by choline (10 mM). Nicotine 52-60 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 95-100 11044732-8 2000 We hypothesize that the difference in nicotine-induced DA release in the striatum of FSL and FRL rats depends on the difference in nAChR subunit expression in the striatum between the two lines. Nicotine 38-46 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 131-136 10665822-7 2000 In the presence of mecamylamine (a noncompetitive nAChR antagonist), the increase in DA content of striatal dialysate samples induced by either nicotine or lobeline was attenuated. Nicotine 144-152 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 50-55 10454762-7 1999 In contrast, methyllycaconitine inhibited the nicotine-induced response only at 21:00 h. Since alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have low affinity for nicotine in binding assays, we suggest that a mixed population composed of alpha3ss4 - plus alpha7-bearing nAChR subtypes is present at night. Nicotine 46-54 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 137-142 10481840-2 1999 The nAChR antagonist mecamylamine administered systemically in chronically nicotine-treated rats elicits a behavioral withdrawal syndrome concomitant with a reduced DA output in the nucleus accumbens (NAC). Nicotine 75-83 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 4-9 10454762-7 1999 In contrast, methyllycaconitine inhibited the nicotine-induced response only at 21:00 h. Since alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have low affinity for nicotine in binding assays, we suggest that a mixed population composed of alpha3ss4 - plus alpha7-bearing nAChR subtypes is present at night. Nicotine 167-175 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 137-142 10191306-7 1999 Low concentrations (500 nM) of nicotine desensitized fast and slow nAChR responses. Nicotine 31-39 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 67-72 9495846-3 1998 The activation of a putative alpha 3 beta 4-containing nAChR in PC12 by RJR-2429 reveals a potency intermediate between nicotine and epibatidine (EC50 of 20,000 nM for nicotine and 30 nM for epibatidine). Nicotine 120-128 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 55-60 9832142-8 1998 The effect of (-)-nicotine on the induction of FGF-2 was prevented by the nAChR antagonist mecamylamine. Nicotine 18-26 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 74-79 9495846-3 1998 The activation of a putative alpha 3 beta 4-containing nAChR in PC12 by RJR-2429 reveals a potency intermediate between nicotine and epibatidine (EC50 of 20,000 nM for nicotine and 30 nM for epibatidine). Nicotine 168-176 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 55-60 9495846-9 1998 A model for the structure-activity profile of RJR-2429, nicotine and epibatidine was derived by molecular forcefield and quantum mechanics calculations and may provide important clues for the development of ligands selective for nAChR subtypes as probes in the life sciences or as potential therapeutic tools. Nicotine 56-64 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 229-234 8996218-1 1997 Nicotine, the prototypical agonist for neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (NAChR), nonselectively activates NAChR limiting its use in elucidating the function of NAChR subtypes. Nicotine 0-8 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 48-81 9680263-1 1998 Exposure of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) to brief pulses of nicotine results in the stimulation of dopamine release, whereas prolonged treatment with low concentrations of nicotine (approximately 10 nM) produces a reversible blockade of a subsequent nicotine challenge as a result of nAChR desensitization. Nicotine 74-82 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 47-52 9680263-1 1998 Exposure of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) to brief pulses of nicotine results in the stimulation of dopamine release, whereas prolonged treatment with low concentrations of nicotine (approximately 10 nM) produces a reversible blockade of a subsequent nicotine challenge as a result of nAChR desensitization. Nicotine 186-194 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 47-52 9680263-1 1998 Exposure of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) to brief pulses of nicotine results in the stimulation of dopamine release, whereas prolonged treatment with low concentrations of nicotine (approximately 10 nM) produces a reversible blockade of a subsequent nicotine challenge as a result of nAChR desensitization. Nicotine 186-194 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 47-52 9680263-4 1998 Brief (12 s) exposure to 30 microM nicotine, or longer exposure (> or = 5 min) to 0.3 microM nicotine produced a long-lasting decrease in nAChR function with an apparent IC50 of 0.7 microM. Nicotine 35-43 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 141-146 9680263-4 1998 Brief (12 s) exposure to 30 microM nicotine, or longer exposure (> or = 5 min) to 0.3 microM nicotine produced a long-lasting decrease in nAChR function with an apparent IC50 of 0.7 microM. Nicotine 96-104 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 141-146 9680263-8 1998 These results indicate that high concentrations of nicotine can produce a long-lasting nAChR inactivation which can be distinguished from reversible nAChR desensitization. Nicotine 51-59 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 87-92 9680263-8 1998 These results indicate that high concentrations of nicotine can produce a long-lasting nAChR inactivation which can be distinguished from reversible nAChR desensitization. Nicotine 51-59 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 149-154 9366473-6 1997 RESULTS: Nicotine induced the rapidly decaying inward current at -60 mV, which exhibited the characteristics of the neuronal nAchR-mediated current. Nicotine 9-17 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 125-130 9023275-3 1997 The rank order of potency to increase stimulation-evoked release for the nAChR agonists (nicotine > DMPP >> cytisine) suggests that the beta4 subunit of nAChRs is not involved in the release. Nicotine 89-97 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 73-78 9315514-4 1997 Male but not female rats that received chronic nicotine had higher receptor densities than corresponding control groups; up-regulation of nAChR was not seen 20 days after withdrawal. Nicotine 47-55 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 138-143 9359598-5 1997 - 60 mV), ACh induced a hexamethonium-sensitive, inward current (IACh), mimicked by nicotine application, suggesting the presence of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). Nicotine 84-92 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 142-175 9359598-5 1997 - 60 mV), ACh induced a hexamethonium-sensitive, inward current (IACh), mimicked by nicotine application, suggesting the presence of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). Nicotine 84-92 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 177-182 10072915-1 1997 AIM: To analyze the kinetic properties of the effect of nicotine on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) in the cultured sympathetic neurons from neonatal rat superior cervical ganglia (SCG). Nicotine 56-64 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 68-101 10072915-1 1997 AIM: To analyze the kinetic properties of the effect of nicotine on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) in the cultured sympathetic neurons from neonatal rat superior cervical ganglia (SCG). Nicotine 56-64 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 103-108 10072915-4 1997 RESULTS: Hill coefficient (1.097) was determined by fitting the nicotine responses of neuronal nAChR with Clark equation. Nicotine 64-72 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 95-100 10072915-6 1997 CONCLUSIONS: Interaction of nicotine and nAChR in rat SCG fits a single binding site model. Nicotine 28-36 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 41-46 8996218-1 1997 Nicotine, the prototypical agonist for neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (NAChR), nonselectively activates NAChR limiting its use in elucidating the function of NAChR subtypes. Nicotine 0-8 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 83-88 8996218-1 1997 Nicotine, the prototypical agonist for neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (NAChR), nonselectively activates NAChR limiting its use in elucidating the function of NAChR subtypes. Nicotine 0-8 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 116-121 8996218-1 1997 Nicotine, the prototypical agonist for neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (NAChR), nonselectively activates NAChR limiting its use in elucidating the function of NAChR subtypes. Nicotine 0-8 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 116-121 8996218-2 1997 SIB-1765F is a subtype selective NAChR agonist that displaces [3H]-nicotine binding with an IC50 of 4.6 nM and [3H]-cytisine binding with an IC50 of 12.2 nM which is 2000- to 6000-fold lower than its displacement of [3H]-QNB or [125I]-alpha-bungarotoxin. Nicotine 67-75 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 33-38 7518514-9 1994 ABT 418 was also approximately 10-fold less potent (EC50 value = 380 nM) than (-)-nicotine (40 nM) in increasing [3H]-dopamine release from rat striatal slices, an effect that was blocked by the nAChR antagonist, dihydro-beta-erythroidine (10 microM).2+ In contrast, ABT 418 appeared equipotent with (-)-nicotine in enhancing 86Rb+ flux from mouse thalamic synaptosomes. Nicotine 78-90 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 195-200 8849326-9 1995 Similar results were observed following chronic nicotine exposure of cultured cortical cells from fetal rat brain or cells transfected with the alpha 4 beta 2 nAChR subtype. Nicotine 48-56 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 159-164 7624037-1 1995 Nicotine stimulates the release of several neurotransmitters from brain tissue by acting on presynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). Nicotine 0-8 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 104-137 7624037-1 1995 Nicotine stimulates the release of several neurotransmitters from brain tissue by acting on presynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). Nicotine 0-8 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 139-144 7791118-5 1995 The nAChR agonists, (-)-nicotine, (-)-cytisine and (+/-)-epibatidine, displayed a high affinity (Ki = 0.8 +/- 0.1, 0.2 +/- 0.1 and 0.05 +/- 0.01 nM, respectively) for [3H]ABT-418 binding sites, whereas among nAChR antagonists examined, only dihydro-beta-erythroidine competed with high affinity (Ki = 32 +/- 1.5 nM). Nicotine 20-32 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 4-9 7791118-5 1995 The nAChR agonists, (-)-nicotine, (-)-cytisine and (+/-)-epibatidine, displayed a high affinity (Ki = 0.8 +/- 0.1, 0.2 +/- 0.1 and 0.05 +/- 0.01 nM, respectively) for [3H]ABT-418 binding sites, whereas among nAChR antagonists examined, only dihydro-beta-erythroidine competed with high affinity (Ki = 32 +/- 1.5 nM). Nicotine 20-32 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 208-213 7886101-10 1994 The nAChR subtype involved in producing nicotine"s increase of PPI needs further investigation. Nicotine 40-48 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 4-9 7788641-10 1994 The second, both necessary and sufficient for nicotine-induced phosphorylation and release, is the neuronal nAChR itself. Nicotine 46-54 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 108-113 7788641-13 1994 This shows that diminished release is associated to decreased phosphorylation of the 80-kDa protein band, most likely as a consequence of nicotine-promoted nAChR desensitization. Nicotine 138-146 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 156-161 7518514-13 1994 ABT 418 represents the first neuronal nAChR ligand that differentiates the toxicities/liabilities and other negative aspects normally associated with liabilities and other negative aspects normally associated with (-)-nicotine from the potential pharmacological benefits of selective cholinergic channel activation. Nicotine 214-226 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 38-43 1869929-5 1991 nAChR channels were relatively nonselective for cations, had a unitary conductance of 35 pS, and were activated by several nicotinic agonists with the following rank order: cytisine greater than ACh greater than nicotine greater than dimethylphenylpiperazinium (DMPP). Nicotine 212-220 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 0-5 34564144-1 2021 The alpha4beta2 nAChR is implicated in a range of diseases and disorders including nicotine addiction, epilepsy and Parkinson"s and Alzheimer"s diseases. Nicotine 83-91 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 16-21 2222992-2 1990 Cortical nAChR concentration as determined by [3H]nicotine binding was unaffected by the nbm lesion. Nicotine 50-58 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 9-14 34924113-4 2022 A 100 muM of nicotine-induced increase in neurite numbers depended on the exposure time and was inhibited by treatment with the nAChR antagonist hexamethonium (Hex) and alpha7 nAChR antagonist alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-Bgtx). Nicotine 13-21 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 128-133 34193508-9 2021 Here, we show that chronic, episodic perinatal nicotine exposure alters nAChR function, XIIMN intrinsic properties, and respiratory-related tongue muscle function in vivo. Nicotine 47-55 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 72-77