PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 33278748-9 2021 Importantly, these mentioned effects of AZ (60 mg/kg) on CIA rats could be reversed by the combined use of lithium chloride (LiCl), an activator of Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. Lithium Chloride 107-123 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 152-164 34016181-11 2021 XAV-939, an inhibitor of beta-catenin, significantly promoted chondrogenesis, and SrR did not suppress this effect, while LiCl, an agonist of beta-catenin, strongly suppressed chondrogenesis, and SrR reversed this inhibitory effect. Lithium Chloride 122-126 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 142-154 33278748-9 2021 Importantly, these mentioned effects of AZ (60 mg/kg) on CIA rats could be reversed by the combined use of lithium chloride (LiCl), an activator of Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. Lithium Chloride 125-129 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 152-164 32952947-8 2020 When given the activator of Wnt/beta-catenin pathway (lithium chloride, LiCl) to BMSCs transducted with TGF-beta1, beta-catenin was increased, while phosphorylated beta-catenin was decreased. Lithium Chloride 54-70 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 32-44 32882667-15 2020 On the other hand, lithium chloride-and-CCl4-treated rats showed a significant increase in liver indices, TGF-beta1 expression, beta-catenin, l-hydroxyproline, and l-glutaminase activity with severe alpha-SMA reactivity and apoptosis in the liver tissue. Lithium Chloride 19-35 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 128-140 33116749-11 2020 As an activator of beta-catenin signaling, lithium chloride (an inhibitor of GSK-3beta) reversed the inhibitory effects of AQP1 siRNA on the cultured CIA FLS. Lithium Chloride 43-59 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 19-31 32952947-8 2020 When given the activator of Wnt/beta-catenin pathway (lithium chloride, LiCl) to BMSCs transducted with TGF-beta1, beta-catenin was increased, while phosphorylated beta-catenin was decreased. Lithium Chloride 54-70 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 115-127 32952947-8 2020 When given the activator of Wnt/beta-catenin pathway (lithium chloride, LiCl) to BMSCs transducted with TGF-beta1, beta-catenin was increased, while phosphorylated beta-catenin was decreased. Lithium Chloride 54-70 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 115-127 32952947-8 2020 When given the activator of Wnt/beta-catenin pathway (lithium chloride, LiCl) to BMSCs transducted with TGF-beta1, beta-catenin was increased, while phosphorylated beta-catenin was decreased. Lithium Chloride 72-76 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 32-44 32952947-8 2020 When given the activator of Wnt/beta-catenin pathway (lithium chloride, LiCl) to BMSCs transducted with TGF-beta1, beta-catenin was increased, while phosphorylated beta-catenin was decreased. Lithium Chloride 72-76 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 115-127 32952947-8 2020 When given the activator of Wnt/beta-catenin pathway (lithium chloride, LiCl) to BMSCs transducted with TGF-beta1, beta-catenin was increased, while phosphorylated beta-catenin was decreased. Lithium Chloride 72-76 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 115-127 31885611-12 2019 LiCl can activate the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway of NSCs, and ginsenoside Rg1 can antagonize the senescence of NSCs caused by activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway and delay brain aging. Lithium Chloride 0-4 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 26-38 31918279-8 2020 Licl was used as Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway activator in chondrocytes to determine the molecular mechanisms. Lithium Chloride 0-4 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 21-33 31918279-9 2020 Activation of Wnt signaling pathway by Licl up-regulated beta-catenin, CyclinD1, Axin2, Caspase-3, Caspase-9, MMP-3, MMP-13 and IL-1beta. Lithium Chloride 39-43 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 57-69 31867790-6 2020 Treatment with lithium chloride ameliorated sevoflurane-induced cognitive disorder in rats by inhibiting the GSK-3beta/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Lithium Chloride 15-31 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 119-131 31564892-10 2019 beta-Catenin activator LiCl could significantly eliminate the effect of si-SHIP2 on BC cells. Lithium Chloride 23-27 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-12 31212112-9 2019 In conclusion, S-PRG/LiCl cement is highly effective in promoting human dental pulp stem cells profiles and in enhancing reparative dentin formation in rat teeth through activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway. Lithium Chloride 21-25 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 192-204 31026457-10 2019 Moreover, treatment with LiCl, a special Wnt/beta-catenin pathway agonist significantly blocked Gastrodin-mediated down-regulation of iNOS, TNF-alpha, cyclin-D1, NO and the number of cells in the G2/M+S phase of cell cycle in LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglia. Lithium Chloride 25-29 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 45-57 29436118-9 2018 The inhibitory effects of CST on ALP activity, calcium deposition and beta-catenin protein were abolished by pretreatment with lithium chloride, a GSK3beta inhibitor. Lithium Chloride 127-143 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 70-82 30336136-6 2018 Our results showed lithium chloride inhibited glycogen synthase kinase-3beta activation, which on one hand, suppressed downstream CRMP-2/NR2B, thus diminishing the excitotoxic index level; and on the other, stabilized beta-catenin, thus modulating its downstream apoptosis-related factors such as NF-kappaB, Bcl-2 and Bax. Lithium Chloride 19-35 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 218-230 29705802-8 2018 Additionally, LiCl treatment increased SOA activity, GSH-Px levels, and GSK-3beta-Ser9 phosphorylation; decreased MDA accumulation in the striatum and GSK-3beta mRNA levels; as well as increased beta-catenin and cyclinD1 mRNA and protein levels in 6-OHDA-treated PC12 cells. Lithium Chloride 14-18 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 195-207 29961297-16 2018 (3) On PSD 14, the mRNA expressions of Wnt1 and beta-catenin of rats in lithium chloride group and alprostadil group were significantly higher than those in simple scald group (q=65.40, 19.16, 66.79, 18.41, P<0.05), and the mRNA expressions of Wnt1 and beta-catenin of rats in simple scald group was significantly higher than those in sham scald group (t=14.86, 4.46, P<0.05). Lithium Chloride 72-88 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 48-60 29961297-16 2018 (3) On PSD 14, the mRNA expressions of Wnt1 and beta-catenin of rats in lithium chloride group and alprostadil group were significantly higher than those in simple scald group (q=65.40, 19.16, 66.79, 18.41, P<0.05), and the mRNA expressions of Wnt1 and beta-catenin of rats in simple scald group was significantly higher than those in sham scald group (t=14.86, 4.46, P<0.05). Lithium Chloride 72-88 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 256-268 28624572-6 2017 Furthermore, downregulating beta-catenin expression in the NAc in shocked rats using sulindac (0.0178, 0.178mg/side) impaired extinction whereas upregulating the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway using LiCl (2microg/side) facilitated extinction. Lithium Chloride 193-197 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 28-40 29039516-9 2017 Finally, LiCl (a beta-catenin stabilizer) induced apoptosis of H9c2 cells by upregulating the expression of beta-catenin, which was significantly neutralized by the treatment with baicalin. Lithium Chloride 9-13 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 17-29 29039516-9 2017 Finally, LiCl (a beta-catenin stabilizer) induced apoptosis of H9c2 cells by upregulating the expression of beta-catenin, which was significantly neutralized by the treatment with baicalin. Lithium Chloride 9-13 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 108-120 28929374-7 2017 Lithium chloride (LiCl), which increases p-GSK-3beta level and active-beta-catenin level, reversed retinal degeneration induced by MNU treatment. Lithium Chloride 0-16 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 70-82 28929374-7 2017 Lithium chloride (LiCl), which increases p-GSK-3beta level and active-beta-catenin level, reversed retinal degeneration induced by MNU treatment. Lithium Chloride 18-22 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 70-82 28929374-8 2017 These results suggest that GSK-3beta activation is closely related to photoreceptor cell loss and that the application of the GSK-3beta inhibitor LiCl could activate Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway and reduce photoreceptor cell loss induced by MNU. Lithium Chloride 146-150 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 170-182 28386329-5 2017 Our data indicated that LiCl treatment could attenuates BSCB disruption and improved the recovery of functional locomotion in rats SCI model, reduced the structure damage and number loss of microvessels, increased the expressions of junction proteins, including p120, beta-catenin, occludin, and claudin-5, via reversed the upregulated ER stress associated proteins. Lithium Chloride 24-28 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 268-280 28107808-6 2017 beta-catenin expression was partially recovered by treatment with lithium chloride, a canonical Wnt pathway activator. Lithium Chloride 66-82 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-12 28593132-0 2017 Activation of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling by lithium chloride attenuates d-galactose-induced neurodegeneration in the auditory cortex of a rat model of aging. Lithium Chloride 44-60 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 18-30 28593132-6 2017 Activation of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling by Licl attenuated d-gal-induced auditory cortex apoptosis and neurodegeneration. Lithium Chloride 44-48 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 18-30 28338064-0 2017 Acceleration of bone regeneration by activating Wnt/beta-catenin signalling pathway via lithium released from lithium chloride/calcium phosphate cement in osteoporosis. Lithium Chloride 110-126 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 52-64 27377850-7 2016 Consistently, activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway by LiCl and DeltaN89beta-catenin rescued the inhibitory effect of miR-124 on the chemotactic migration of rMSCs toward HGF, while inhibition of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling by FH535 abrogated the enhanced chemotactic response achieved by the miR-124 inhibitor. Lithium Chloride 70-74 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 36-48 28286769-7 2017 Activation of beta-catenin with LiCl led to increased expression of Runx2 and Collagen I and reduction of C/EBPalpha and PPARgamma expression in BMSCs. Lithium Chloride 32-36 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 14-26 28194187-9 2017 Activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway by LiCl or BIO modified the effects of hypoxia on the differentiation and self-renewal of MMSCs. Lithium Chloride 46-50 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 22-34 26872974-4 2016 Furthermore, activation of the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin pathway in RBE4 cells via nuclear beta-catenin signaling with LiCl does not alter brain endothelialMct1mRNA but increases the amount of MCT1 transporter protein. Lithium Chloride 120-124 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 45-57 26872974-4 2016 Furthermore, activation of the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin pathway in RBE4 cells via nuclear beta-catenin signaling with LiCl does not alter brain endothelialMct1mRNA but increases the amount of MCT1 transporter protein. Lithium Chloride 120-124 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 92-104 23921644-6 2013 The effects of WIF1 on beta-catenin pathway could be reversed by LiCl regarding signaling pathways and effector and respondent molecules in H9c2 cells, consistent with the expression levels of c-myc, natriuretic peptide precursor type B and skeletal muscle actin alpha1. Lithium Chloride 65-69 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 23-35 26054493-2 2015 Our previous study shows that lithium chloride (LiCl) optimizes skeletal myoblast (SkM) for transplantation by mimicking the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling activities. Lithium Chloride 30-46 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 129-141 26054493-2 2015 Our previous study shows that lithium chloride (LiCl) optimizes skeletal myoblast (SkM) for transplantation by mimicking the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling activities. Lithium Chloride 48-52 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 129-141 26018040-9 2015 Exposure of co-cultured MSCs to a Wnt/beta-catenin signaling activator, lithium chloride (LiCl, 20 microM) increased phosphorylated GSK-3beta and beta-catenin and enhanced expression of AE1/AE3. Lithium Chloride 72-88 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 38-50 26018040-9 2015 Exposure of co-cultured MSCs to a Wnt/beta-catenin signaling activator, lithium chloride (LiCl, 20 microM) increased phosphorylated GSK-3beta and beta-catenin and enhanced expression of AE1/AE3. Lithium Chloride 72-88 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 146-158 26018040-9 2015 Exposure of co-cultured MSCs to a Wnt/beta-catenin signaling activator, lithium chloride (LiCl, 20 microM) increased phosphorylated GSK-3beta and beta-catenin and enhanced expression of AE1/AE3. Lithium Chloride 90-94 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 38-50 26018040-9 2015 Exposure of co-cultured MSCs to a Wnt/beta-catenin signaling activator, lithium chloride (LiCl, 20 microM) increased phosphorylated GSK-3beta and beta-catenin and enhanced expression of AE1/AE3. Lithium Chloride 90-94 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 146-158 26352537-0 2015 Lithium chloride attenuates the abnormal osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells obtained from rats with steroid-related osteonecrosis by activating the beta-catenin pathway. Lithium Chloride 0-16 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 197-209 26352537-8 2015 These effects of LiCl on the ONFH-BMMSCs were associated with an increased expression of beta-catenin and a decreased expression of phosphorylated GSK-3beta at Tyr-216, and these effects were abolished by treatment with quercetin, an antagonist of the beta-catenin pathway. Lithium Chloride 17-21 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 89-101 26352537-8 2015 These effects of LiCl on the ONFH-BMMSCs were associated with an increased expression of beta-catenin and a decreased expression of phosphorylated GSK-3beta at Tyr-216, and these effects were abolished by treatment with quercetin, an antagonist of the beta-catenin pathway. Lithium Chloride 17-21 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 252-264 26352537-10 2015 However, as demonstrated by our findings, LiCl reduces abnormal adipogenic activity and simultaneously increases the osteogenic differentiation of ONFH-BMMSCs by activating the beta-catenin pathway. Lithium Chloride 42-46 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 177-189 27045591-2 2016 Increasing evidence showed that Wnt/beta-catenin pathway and the orphan nuclear receptor Nurr1 play crucial roles in the survival and functional maintenance of DA neurons in the midbrain and GSK-3beta antagonists LiCl and SB216763 were used to activate Wnt/beta-catenin pathway experimentally. Lithium Chloride 213-217 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 36-48 26414021-5 2016 The Wnt activator WAY-262611 and beta-catenin activator lithium chloride (LiCl) were used to activate the pathway at distinct levels in HSCs. Lithium Chloride 56-72 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 33-45 26414021-5 2016 The Wnt activator WAY-262611 and beta-catenin activator lithium chloride (LiCl) were used to activate the pathway at distinct levels in HSCs. Lithium Chloride 74-78 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 33-45 25838072-8 2015 Moreover, DHT decreased the levels of total and nuclear beta-catenin, an important regulator of hair growth and proliferation, while lithium chloride, a glycogen synthase kinase-3beta inhibitor, attenuated the DHT-induced downregulation of the beta-catenin level. Lithium Chloride 133-149 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 244-256 26544628-10 2015 Lithium chloride (LiCl, a GSK-3beta inhibitor) reduced Dex-induced inhibition of the classical WNT/beta-catenin pathway in TSCs and of the differentiation of TSCs to adipocytes. Lithium Chloride 0-16 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 99-111 26544628-10 2015 Lithium chloride (LiCl, a GSK-3beta inhibitor) reduced Dex-induced inhibition of the classical WNT/beta-catenin pathway in TSCs and of the differentiation of TSCs to adipocytes. Lithium Chloride 18-22 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 99-111 24464479-11 2014 More importantly, blockage of GSK-3beta activity with the GSK-3beta inhibitor lithium chloride could attenuate Mn-induced downregulation of beta-catenin and survivin as well as neuronal apoptosis. Lithium Chloride 78-94 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 140-152 21755332-3 2012 Primary articular chondrocytes from eight week old rats were cultured and treated with LiCl for activation of beta-catenin. Lithium Chloride 87-91 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 110-122 23619006-8 2013 Interestingly the application of lithium chloride, a GSK-3beta inhibitor, reversed the suppressive effect of TCDD on beta-catenin in PC12 cells and primary cortical neurons restoring cell viability and protecting cells from apoptosis as compared to untreated controls. Lithium Chloride 33-49 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 117-129 21755332-11 2012 Finally, TUNEL staining revealed that LiCl-activated beta-catenin signalling led to increased cell apoptotic events in chondrocytes (p < 0.05). Lithium Chloride 38-42 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 53-65 22360497-8 2012 In vitro studies of the DFCs showed that LiCl stimulation caused beta-catenin, which was mainly located in the cell membrane and cytoplasm of DFCs, to be immediately transferred to the nucleus and led to the inhibition of proliferation at 12 and 24 hr. Lithium Chloride 41-45 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 65-77 22360497-9 2012 LiCl treatment also downregulated the levels of phosphorylated-beta-catenin, while upregulating the levels of total beta-catenin, nuclear beta-catenin, osteocalcin, runt-related transcription factor 2, and collagen type I. Lithium Chloride 0-4 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 63-75 22360497-9 2012 LiCl treatment also downregulated the levels of phosphorylated-beta-catenin, while upregulating the levels of total beta-catenin, nuclear beta-catenin, osteocalcin, runt-related transcription factor 2, and collagen type I. Lithium Chloride 0-4 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 116-128 22360497-9 2012 LiCl treatment also downregulated the levels of phosphorylated-beta-catenin, while upregulating the levels of total beta-catenin, nuclear beta-catenin, osteocalcin, runt-related transcription factor 2, and collagen type I. Lithium Chloride 0-4 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 116-128 22360497-10 2012 In addition, LiCl enhanced the beta-catenin/T-cell factor luciferase activity and alkaline phosphatase activity. Lithium Chloride 13-17 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 31-43 16943306-6 2006 Pharmacologic inhibition of GSK-3beta by recombinant Wnt5a or bromoindirubin-3"-oxime or LiCl increased Akt phosphorylation and beta-catenin translocation and abrogated high glucose-mediated proapoptotic activities. Lithium Chloride 89-93 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 128-140 20533544-4 2010 RESULTS: We found that beta-catenin mRNA and protein were expressed in discs in vivo and that rat NP cells exhibited increased beta-catenin mRNA and protein upon stimulation with lithium chloride, a known activator of WNT signaling. Lithium Chloride 179-195 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 23-35 20533544-4 2010 RESULTS: We found that beta-catenin mRNA and protein were expressed in discs in vivo and that rat NP cells exhibited increased beta-catenin mRNA and protein upon stimulation with lithium chloride, a known activator of WNT signaling. Lithium Chloride 179-195 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 127-139 19879238-7 2009 Lithium chloride transiently activated beta-catenin expression and subsequently decreased beta-catenin level and at last inhibited MSCs to differentiate into airway epithelium. Lithium Chloride 0-16 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 39-51 19879238-7 2009 Lithium chloride transiently activated beta-catenin expression and subsequently decreased beta-catenin level and at last inhibited MSCs to differentiate into airway epithelium. Lithium Chloride 0-16 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 90-102 22693536-0 2012 Astragaloside IV Downregulates beta-Catenin in Rat Keratinocytes to Counter LiCl-Induced Inhibition of Proliferation and Migration. Lithium Chloride 76-80 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 31-43 20549453-6 2010 demonstrated in an aortic constriction-induced acute hypertrophy model using 6-week-old Wister rats that if GSK-3b is inhibited by LiCl up-regulated beta-catenin expression and additional hypertrophy were observed. Lithium Chloride 131-135 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 149-161 16940239-5 2006 Wnt/betacatenin agonists (LiCl or SB415268) maintained Shh/Wnt/betacatenin signaling, blocking spontaneous up-regulation of the PTHrP pathway, whereas PTHrP or cAMP down-regulated Shh/Wnt/betacatenin signaling and stimulated PTHrP signaling for fibroblast and type II cell differentiation. Lithium Chloride 26-30 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 4-15 16940239-5 2006 Wnt/betacatenin agonists (LiCl or SB415268) maintained Shh/Wnt/betacatenin signaling, blocking spontaneous up-regulation of the PTHrP pathway, whereas PTHrP or cAMP down-regulated Shh/Wnt/betacatenin signaling and stimulated PTHrP signaling for fibroblast and type II cell differentiation. Lithium Chloride 26-30 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 63-74 16940239-5 2006 Wnt/betacatenin agonists (LiCl or SB415268) maintained Shh/Wnt/betacatenin signaling, blocking spontaneous up-regulation of the PTHrP pathway, whereas PTHrP or cAMP down-regulated Shh/Wnt/betacatenin signaling and stimulated PTHrP signaling for fibroblast and type II cell differentiation. Lithium Chloride 26-30 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 63-74 16053526-9 2005 In the first approach, treatment with LiCl, which is known to activate beta-catenin, caused a several fold increase in alkaline phosphatase activity. Lithium Chloride 38-42 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 71-83 34649212-14 2021 Furthermore, through activating Wnt/beta-catenin pathway with LiCl, the inhibitory effects of CKI on HCC were diminished. Lithium Chloride 62-66 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 36-48 16014628-4 2005 Here, we demonstrate that the inhibition of GSK3 by LiCl induced the nuclear translocation of beta-catenin in Chinese hamster ovary cells and rat cultured neurons, in which a decrease in tau phosphorylation was observed. Lithium Chloride 52-56 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 94-106 12610652-4 2003 Lithium chloride, which mimics Wnt signaling by inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase-3beta promoted the survival of post-mitotic neurons against Abeta neurotoxicity and recovered cytosolic beta-catenin to control levels. Lithium Chloride 0-16 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 188-200 34953627-1 2022 OBJECTIVE: Surface pre-reacted glass fillers (S-PRG) can release different types of ions and in our previous study, we modified these fillers with lithium chloride (S-PRG/Li-100 mM) to induce reparative dentin formation by activating the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Lithium Chloride 147-163 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 242-254 35434452-11 2022 The strong stimulation of osteopontin was blocked by lithium chloride, indicating involvement of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. Lithium Chloride 53-69 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 101-113