PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 27351941-12 2016 CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that treatment with high dose of atorvastatin, independent of glycemia, improves endothelial function in aortas from diabetic rats by reducing the constrictor prostanoids derived from COX-2 and by reducing the oxidative stress by NADPH oxidase, as well as a possible increasing of nitric oxide participation. Prostaglandins 192-203 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 217-222 31622656-4 2020 Using immunohistochemistry, the distribution of the vasoactive prostaglandin-synthesizing enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), perivascular immunoglobulins G (IgG), aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and the morphology of glial cell were subsequently assessed in brains of the same animals. Prostaglandins 63-76 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 97-113 31417487-2 2019 The inflammatory response includes prostanoid synthesis by the inducible enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Prostaglandins 35-45 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 80-96 31417487-2 2019 The inflammatory response includes prostanoid synthesis by the inducible enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Prostaglandins 35-45 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 98-103 29306822-1 2018 The cyclooxygenase-2/prostanoid pathway (COX-2) serves as a potential therapeutic target in various pathological conditions. Prostaglandins 21-31 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 4-20 28556994-6 2017 We found sex differences in oxidative stress and cyclooxygenase-2-derived prostanoid production that might underlie the vascular dysfunction. Prostaglandins 74-84 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 49-65 28556994-20 2017 In contrast, the peripheral artery dysfunction associated with increased cyclooxygenase-2-derived production of vasoconstrictor prostanoids could underlie the increased blood pressure in male O-DR. Prostaglandins 128-139 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 73-89 27815021-2 2017 Since it was reported that a highly selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, NS398, completely inhibited IL-1beta-induced sleep in rats, IL-1beta-induced sleep had been believed to be mediated by prostanoids, most probably PGD2. Prostaglandins 201-212 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 46-62 27815021-2 2017 Since it was reported that a highly selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, NS398, completely inhibited IL-1beta-induced sleep in rats, IL-1beta-induced sleep had been believed to be mediated by prostanoids, most probably PGD2. Prostaglandins 201-212 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 64-69 31161614-2 2019 Prostaglandins and nitric oxide have been a focus for inflammation research particularly since the discovery of their inducible isoforms nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Prostaglandins 0-14 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 170-186 31161614-2 2019 Prostaglandins and nitric oxide have been a focus for inflammation research particularly since the discovery of their inducible isoforms nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Prostaglandins 0-14 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 188-193 30528878-1 2019 Synergistic expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) by interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and bradykinin (BK) in peri-sensory neurons results in the production of prostanoids, which affects sensory neuronal activity and responsiveness and causes hyperalgesia. Prostaglandins 156-167 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 26-42 30528878-1 2019 Synergistic expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) by interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and bradykinin (BK) in peri-sensory neurons results in the production of prostanoids, which affects sensory neuronal activity and responsiveness and causes hyperalgesia. Prostaglandins 156-167 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 44-49 29425800-2 2018 Based on the role of COX-2-derived prostanoids in the regulation of cardiovascular health, the aim of the current study was to test the hypothesis that blood pressure (BP) in female SHR is more sensitive to COX-2 inhibition than in males. Prostaglandins 35-46 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 21-26 29425800-8 2018 COX-2 derived PG can also induce oxidative stress. Prostaglandins 14-16 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-5 29201221-2 2017 The involvement of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and its downstream vasomotor products prostaglandin (PG) and thromboxane (TX)A2 in the mechanisms of action of leptin have remained elusive. Prostaglandins 82-95 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 19-35 29201221-2 2017 The involvement of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and its downstream vasomotor products prostaglandin (PG) and thromboxane (TX)A2 in the mechanisms of action of leptin have remained elusive. Prostaglandins 82-95 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 37-42 29201221-2 2017 The involvement of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and its downstream vasomotor products prostaglandin (PG) and thromboxane (TX)A2 in the mechanisms of action of leptin have remained elusive. Prostaglandins 97-99 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 37-42 27834752-0 2016 Cyclooxygenase-2-Derived Prostaglandins Mediate Cerebral Microcirculation in a Juvenile Ischemic Rat Model. Prostaglandins 25-39 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-16 24647712-2 2014 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) is recently identified as an endogenous inhibitor of COX-2, limiting the production of COX-2-derived prostanoids in several pathological conditions. Prostaglandins 149-160 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 101-106 27803479-1 2016 Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression is induced by interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) stimulation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), resulting in the production of nitric oxide and prostaglandins such as PGI2. Prostaglandins 223-237 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 61-66 25388440-3 2014 Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) is the rate-limiting enzyme of PGs, and thus it is necessary to characterize of the expression patterns of COX2 and its downstream products at the same time in a cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model. Prostaglandins 55-58 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-16 25388440-3 2014 Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) is the rate-limiting enzyme of PGs, and thus it is necessary to characterize of the expression patterns of COX2 and its downstream products at the same time in a cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model. Prostaglandins 55-58 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 18-22 25388440-3 2014 Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) is the rate-limiting enzyme of PGs, and thus it is necessary to characterize of the expression patterns of COX2 and its downstream products at the same time in a cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model. Prostaglandins 55-58 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 131-135 26685759-0 2016 Low-salt diet increases NO bioavailability and COX-2 vasoconstrictor prostanoid production in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Prostaglandins 69-79 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 47-52 26935999-8 2016 The latter leads to an increase in cyclooxygenase-2-dependent prostaglandin synthesis through the mechanisms associated with substance P activity. Prostaglandins 62-75 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 35-51 26335727-4 2015 Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an inducible enzyme that plays a crucial role in early pregnancy, and is also a key modulator in the crosstalk between endocannabinoids and prostaglandins. Prostaglandins 168-182 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-16 26335727-4 2015 Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an inducible enzyme that plays a crucial role in early pregnancy, and is also a key modulator in the crosstalk between endocannabinoids and prostaglandins. Prostaglandins 168-182 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 18-23 24647712-2 2014 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) is recently identified as an endogenous inhibitor of COX-2, limiting the production of COX-2-derived prostanoids in several pathological conditions. Prostaglandins 149-160 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 135-140 22572003-4 2013 This study investigated whether LCWE directly stimulates glial cells, resulting in the induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), which is required for prostaglandin synthesis and fever development. Prostaglandins 147-160 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 100-116 23661609-3 2013 Many reports have demonstrated that the overexpression of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a key enzyme in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins and other prostanoids, is correlated with inflammatory processes. Prostaglandins 142-156 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 62-78 23661609-3 2013 Many reports have demonstrated that the overexpression of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a key enzyme in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins and other prostanoids, is correlated with inflammatory processes. Prostaglandins 142-156 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 80-85 23661609-3 2013 Many reports have demonstrated that the overexpression of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a key enzyme in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins and other prostanoids, is correlated with inflammatory processes. Prostaglandins 167-178 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 62-78 23661609-3 2013 Many reports have demonstrated that the overexpression of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a key enzyme in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins and other prostanoids, is correlated with inflammatory processes. Prostaglandins 167-178 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 80-85 22572003-4 2013 This study investigated whether LCWE directly stimulates glial cells, resulting in the induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), which is required for prostaglandin synthesis and fever development. Prostaglandins 147-160 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 118-122 23874545-0 2013 COX-2-derived prostanoids and oxidative stress additionally reduce endothelium-mediated relaxation in old type 2 diabetic rats. Prostaglandins 14-25 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-5 23790320-9 2013 Also, cyclooxygenase-2 derived prostaglandins mediated LPA-stimulatory action on NOS activity. Prostaglandins 31-45 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 6-22 22975359-1 2013 We have previously demonstrated that inhibition of vasodilator prostanoids, PGI2 and PGE2, and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis by a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, NS-398, restores blood pressure as a result of increased systemic and renal levels of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) in endotoxemic rats. Prostaglandins 63-74 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 138-154 23624225-2 2013 Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the upstream enzyme responsible for prostaglandin production is upregulated following hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Prostaglandins 62-75 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-16 23624225-2 2013 Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the upstream enzyme responsible for prostaglandin production is upregulated following hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Prostaglandins 62-75 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 18-23 23624225-11 2013 The COX-2 inhibitor SC58125 completely abrogates the post-ischemic increase in prostaglandins and cyclopentenone prostaglandins. Prostaglandins 79-93 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 4-9 23624225-11 2013 The COX-2 inhibitor SC58125 completely abrogates the post-ischemic increase in prostaglandins and cyclopentenone prostaglandins. Prostaglandins 113-127 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 4-9 23624225-12 2013 CONCLUSIONS: Prostaglandins, including cyclopentenone prostaglandins, are increased in ischemic brain, peak at 24h and can be attenuated by the COX-2 inhibitor SC58125. Prostaglandins 13-27 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 144-149 23184385-1 2013 During renin-angiotensin system activation, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-derived prostaglandins attenuate the pressor and antinatriuretic effects of angiotensin II (AngII) in the renal medulla. Prostaglandins 77-91 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 44-60 22975359-9 2013 These data suggest that COX-2-derived vasodilator prostanoids, PGI2 and PGE2, produced during endotoxemia increase iNOS protein expression and activity as well as peroxynitrite formation resulting in decreased CYP4A1 protein expression and 20-HETE synthesis. Prostaglandins 50-61 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 24-29 23184385-1 2013 During renin-angiotensin system activation, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-derived prostaglandins attenuate the pressor and antinatriuretic effects of angiotensin II (AngII) in the renal medulla. Prostaglandins 77-91 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 62-67 23276664-0 2013 COX-2-derived prostaglandins do not contribute to coronary flow regulation in diabetic rats: distinct secretion patterns of PGI2 and PGE2. Prostaglandins 14-28 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-5 23276664-1 2013 The role of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in restoring the functions of impaired endothelium is attracting considerable attention, notably the function of COX-2-derived vasodilatory prostaglandins is disputed in the context of the regulation function in the impaired vascular beds. Prostaglandins 177-191 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 150-155 23276664-2 2013 We have examined the hypothesis that COX-2 activity contributes more to vasodilation in hyperglycemic animals than in healthy counterparts, and that COX-2 derived vasodilatory prostaglandins (PGI(2) and PGE(2)) are responsible for this effect. Prostaglandins 176-190 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 149-154 22131058-1 2012 It has been suggested that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-mediated prostaglandin synthesis is associated with liver inflammation and carcinogenesis. Prostaglandins 61-74 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 27-43 22578329-13 2012 INNOVATION AND CONCLUSION: The data presented here point to an autocatalytic nitration of PGHS-2 by NO(2)(-), catalyzed by the enzyme"s endogenous peroxidase activity and indicate a potential involvement of this mechanism in the termination of prostanoid formation under inflammatory conditions. Prostaglandins 244-254 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 90-96 22971439-16 2012 CONCLUSION: B1R, which is induced in inflammatory diseases, could contribute to hyperthermia through a vagal sensory mechanism involving prostaglandins (via COX-2) and nitric oxide. Prostaglandins 137-151 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 157-162 22554772-0 2012 Cyclooxygenase-2 prostaglandins mediate anandamide-inhibitory action on nitric oxide synthase activity in the receptive rat uterus. Prostaglandins 17-31 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-16 22554772-1 2012 Anandamide, an endocannabinoid, prostaglandins derived from cyclooxygenase-2 and nitric oxide synthesized by nitric oxide synthase (NOS), are relevant mediators of embryo implantation. Prostaglandins 32-46 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 60-76 22554772-11 2012 reverted anandamide inhibition on NOS, suggesting that prostaglandins are derived from cyclooxygenase-2 mediated anandamide effect. Prostaglandins 55-69 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 87-103 22131058-1 2012 It has been suggested that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-mediated prostaglandin synthesis is associated with liver inflammation and carcinogenesis. Prostaglandins 61-74 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 45-50 22004922-6 2011 Importantly, this response was accompanied by decreased mRNA expression of the rate limiting enzyme in prostaglandin synthesis, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), known for its critical role in fever induction pathways. Prostaglandins 103-116 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 128-144 22004922-6 2011 Importantly, this response was accompanied by decreased mRNA expression of the rate limiting enzyme in prostaglandin synthesis, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), known for its critical role in fever induction pathways. Prostaglandins 103-116 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 146-150 21885043-2 2011 In the current study, we sought to understand what factors control the COX2 gene in response to IL-1beta and how prostaglandins downstream of COX2 impact pro-inflammatory gene transcription in pancreatic beta-cells. Prostaglandins 113-127 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 142-146 21873648-3 2011 The action of SO(2) on elevating COX-2 ultimately appeared to be dependent on the increased production of arachidonic acid-derived prostaglandins, mainly prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), and functioning of its EP2/4 receptors. Prostaglandins 131-145 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 33-38 21527272-3 2011 Activation of inducible cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in blood-brain-barrier endothelial cells and subsequent release of prostaglandins (e.g., prostaglandin E2, PGE2) may be involved. Prostaglandins 116-130 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 24-40 21527272-3 2011 Activation of inducible cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in blood-brain-barrier endothelial cells and subsequent release of prostaglandins (e.g., prostaglandin E2, PGE2) may be involved. Prostaglandins 116-130 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 42-47 21527272-6 2011 These data indicate that COX-2-mediated prostaglandin synthesis is necessary for LPS anorexia and much of the initial LPS-induced neural activation. Prostaglandins 40-53 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 25-30 21734275-7 2011 Blockade of prostanoid synthesis by inhibiting COX-2 (indomethacin, NS-398), expressed by ~40% of pyramidal cells but not by astrocytes, impaired the CBF response (-50%). Prostaglandins 12-22 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 47-52 20956003-10 2010 Whereas AA is mainly metabolised to vasoconstrictor prostanoids via COX-1 in coronary arteries from healthy animals, endothelial COX-2 is up-regulated to produce vasodilator prostaglandins thus protecting coronary arteries in insulin resistant obese rats. Prostaglandins 174-188 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 129-134 21885043-0 2011 The gene encoding cyclooxygenase-2 is regulated by IL-1beta and prostaglandins in 832/13 rat insulinoma cells. Prostaglandins 64-78 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 18-34 22174936-2 2011 We now report that transcription of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the rate limiting enzyme in prostaglandin biosynthesis, was inhibited by TTF-1. Prostaglandins 90-103 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 36-52 22174936-2 2011 We now report that transcription of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the rate limiting enzyme in prostaglandin biosynthesis, was inhibited by TTF-1. Prostaglandins 90-103 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 54-59 20600289-3 2010 The objective of this study was to determine the effects of the nerve agent soman on expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the initial enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of the proinflammatory prostaglandins and a factor that has been implicated in seizure initiation and propagation. Prostaglandins 195-209 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 99-115 20600289-3 2010 The objective of this study was to determine the effects of the nerve agent soman on expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the initial enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of the proinflammatory prostaglandins and a factor that has been implicated in seizure initiation and propagation. Prostaglandins 195-209 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 117-122 20600289-12 2010 COX-2-mediated production of prostaglandins is a consequence of the seizure-induced neuronal damage, even after survival of the initial cholinergic crisis is assured. Prostaglandins 29-43 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-5 19884440-2 2009 Cyclooxygenase-2 is the rate-limiting enzyme involved in the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins. Prostaglandins 97-111 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-16 20688085-11 2010 SIGNIFICANCE: Our data demonstrate an association between increased blood pressure and products of COX-2 in obese rats, suggesting a role for prostaglandins in the hypertensive and inflammatory aspects of MSG-induced obesity. Prostaglandins 142-156 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 99-104 20353773-1 2010 The enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which catalyzes the production of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins, is induced in the brain after various insults, thus contributing to brain inflammatory processes involved in the long-term consequences of such insults. Prostaglandins 88-102 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 11-27 20353773-1 2010 The enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which catalyzes the production of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins, is induced in the brain after various insults, thus contributing to brain inflammatory processes involved in the long-term consequences of such insults. Prostaglandins 88-102 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 29-34 20534845-6 2010 In addition, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which is a prostaglandin biosynthetic enzyme and is normally undetectable in most peripheral tissue, was constitutively expressed in the liver. Prostaglandins 50-63 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 13-29 20534845-6 2010 In addition, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which is a prostaglandin biosynthetic enzyme and is normally undetectable in most peripheral tissue, was constitutively expressed in the liver. Prostaglandins 50-63 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 31-36 20534845-8 2010 Thus, postnatal LPS reprograms the neuroimmune axis by priming peripheral tissues to create a novel, prostaglandin-mediated activation of the HPA axis brought about by increased constitutive expression of TLR4 and COX-2. Prostaglandins 101-114 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 214-219 20032084-11 2010 Acute COX2 inhibition (NS398) significantly reduced AMR in HF arteries from obese rats only, suggesting production of vasodilator prostanoid(s). Prostaglandins 130-140 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 6-10 19789943-1 2010 BACKGROUND: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs act by inhibiting the rate-limiting enzymes cyclooxygenase-1 (Cox-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), which are important in prostanoid formation. Prostaglandins 171-181 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 122-138 20228412-2 2010 The aim of this work was to investigate if mercury exposure alters contractile prostanoids production from cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and its contribution to phenylephrine responses. Prostaglandins 79-90 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 107-123 20228412-2 2010 The aim of this work was to investigate if mercury exposure alters contractile prostanoids production from cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and its contribution to phenylephrine responses. Prostaglandins 79-90 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 125-130 20228412-11 2010 These results suggest that treatment with low doses of mercury increases the release of COX-2-derived vasoconstrictor prostanoids and its participation in phenylephrine responses. Prostaglandins 118-129 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 88-93 21423385-2 2010 It is also associated with the induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), which produces vasoactive prostanoids. Prostaglandins 95-106 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 44-60 21423385-2 2010 It is also associated with the induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), which produces vasoactive prostanoids. Prostaglandins 95-106 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 62-66 21423385-5 2010 We hypothesized that COX2 derived prostanoids may affect endothelium function in metabolic syndrome associated with aging. Prostaglandins 34-45 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 21-25 19660237-2 2010 Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors have been suggested to be neuroprotective by reducing prostanoid and free radical synthesis, or by directing arachidonic acid metabolism through alternate pathways. Prostaglandins 90-100 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-16 19660237-2 2010 Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors have been suggested to be neuroprotective by reducing prostanoid and free radical synthesis, or by directing arachidonic acid metabolism through alternate pathways. Prostaglandins 90-100 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 18-23 19337130-12 2009 This appears to involve a vascular mechanism, related to a reduced vasodilator influence of nitric oxide and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor and increased production of vasoconstrictor prostanoids by COX-2. Prostaglandins 196-207 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 211-216 19293335-9 2009 Second, glucocorticoid-GR signaling promoted gene expression of the enzymes involved in the prostaglandin biosynthesis, including cyclooxygenase-2 and phospholipase A2 in cardiomyocytes. Prostaglandins 92-105 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 130-146 18522674-2 2009 COX-2 is constitutively expressed in the testis, where it is responsible for prostaglandin production, so inhibition of this enzyme should have effects on testicular function. Prostaglandins 77-90 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-5 19380610-0 2009 Atorvastatin prevents endothelial dysfunction in mesenteric arteries from spontaneously hypertensive rats: role of cyclooxygenase 2-derived contracting prostanoids. Prostaglandins 152-163 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 115-131 18216147-3 2008 Because renal prostaglandins are derived largely from cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), we hypothesized that treatment of NDI with a COX-2 inhibitor may relieve polyuria through increased expression of Na-K-2Cl cotransporter type 2 (NKCC2) in the thick ascending limb and aquaporin-2 (AQP2) in the collecting duct. Prostaglandins 14-28 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 54-70 18298459-2 2008 Daily application of melatonin (20 mg/kg) or l-tryptophan (100 mg/kg) accelerates ulcer healing by affecting the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-prostaglandin (PG) system with excessive production of protective PG, especially in later period of ulcer healing. Prostaglandins 138-151 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 113-129 18298459-2 2008 Daily application of melatonin (20 mg/kg) or l-tryptophan (100 mg/kg) accelerates ulcer healing by affecting the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-prostaglandin (PG) system with excessive production of protective PG, especially in later period of ulcer healing. Prostaglandins 138-151 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 131-136 18298459-2 2008 Daily application of melatonin (20 mg/kg) or l-tryptophan (100 mg/kg) accelerates ulcer healing by affecting the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-prostaglandin (PG) system with excessive production of protective PG, especially in later period of ulcer healing. Prostaglandins 153-155 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 113-129 18298459-2 2008 Daily application of melatonin (20 mg/kg) or l-tryptophan (100 mg/kg) accelerates ulcer healing by affecting the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-prostaglandin (PG) system with excessive production of protective PG, especially in later period of ulcer healing. Prostaglandins 153-155 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 131-136 18298459-2 2008 Daily application of melatonin (20 mg/kg) or l-tryptophan (100 mg/kg) accelerates ulcer healing by affecting the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-prostaglandin (PG) system with excessive production of protective PG, especially in later period of ulcer healing. Prostaglandins 204-206 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 131-136 18310519-0 2008 Estrogen potentiates constrictor prostanoid function in female rat aorta by upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 and thromboxane pathway expression. Prostaglandins 33-43 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 92-108 18086146-2 2008 Previous studies have shown that melatonin inhibits gastric acid secretion, enhances the release of gastrin, augments gastric blood flow (GBF), increases the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-prostaglandin (PG) system and scavenges free radicals, resulting in the prevention of stress-induced gastric lesions. Prostaglandins 183-196 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 158-174 18086146-2 2008 Previous studies have shown that melatonin inhibits gastric acid secretion, enhances the release of gastrin, augments gastric blood flow (GBF), increases the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-prostaglandin (PG) system and scavenges free radicals, resulting in the prevention of stress-induced gastric lesions. Prostaglandins 183-196 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 176-181 18086146-2 2008 Previous studies have shown that melatonin inhibits gastric acid secretion, enhances the release of gastrin, augments gastric blood flow (GBF), increases the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-prostaglandin (PG) system and scavenges free radicals, resulting in the prevention of stress-induced gastric lesions. Prostaglandins 198-200 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 158-174 18086146-2 2008 Previous studies have shown that melatonin inhibits gastric acid secretion, enhances the release of gastrin, augments gastric blood flow (GBF), increases the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-prostaglandin (PG) system and scavenges free radicals, resulting in the prevention of stress-induced gastric lesions. Prostaglandins 198-200 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 176-181 19007904-1 2009 Inhibitors against cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an inducible enzyme that catalyzes prostaglandin synthesis, are widely used in clinical. Prostaglandins 80-93 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 19-35 19007904-1 2009 Inhibitors against cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an inducible enzyme that catalyzes prostaglandin synthesis, are widely used in clinical. Prostaglandins 80-93 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 37-42 19194550-1 2009 The selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitors might inhibit prostaglandin synthesis and reduce proteinuria. Prostaglandins 89-102 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 14-30 19194550-1 2009 The selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitors might inhibit prostaglandin synthesis and reduce proteinuria. Prostaglandins 89-102 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 32-37 19180200-1 2008 As an important member of the cyclooxygenase isoenzymes, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mainly catalyzes the first two steps in prostanoid synthesis. Prostaglandins 122-132 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 57-73 19180200-1 2008 As an important member of the cyclooxygenase isoenzymes, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mainly catalyzes the first two steps in prostanoid synthesis. Prostaglandins 122-132 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 75-80 18554636-1 2008 PURPOSE: Cyclooxygenase-2 is a key enzyme in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, which are important mediators of inflammation and pain. Prostaglandins 83-97 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 9-25 18216147-3 2008 Because renal prostaglandins are derived largely from cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), we hypothesized that treatment of NDI with a COX-2 inhibitor may relieve polyuria through increased expression of Na-K-2Cl cotransporter type 2 (NKCC2) in the thick ascending limb and aquaporin-2 (AQP2) in the collecting duct. Prostaglandins 14-28 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 72-77 18216147-3 2008 Because renal prostaglandins are derived largely from cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), we hypothesized that treatment of NDI with a COX-2 inhibitor may relieve polyuria through increased expression of Na-K-2Cl cotransporter type 2 (NKCC2) in the thick ascending limb and aquaporin-2 (AQP2) in the collecting duct. Prostaglandins 14-28 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 125-130 17316899-4 2007 Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors only partially inhibited enzyme activity and prostaglandin production. Prostaglandins 73-86 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-16 17977909-10 2008 The data also indicate that the renal vasodilator effects of COX-2-derived prostanoids in hypertensive Cyp1a1-Ren2 rats are not dependent on nNOS activity. Prostaglandins 75-86 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 61-66 17943250-1 2007 The inflamed mucosa in ulcerative colitis produces high amount of prostaglandin (PG) and nitric oxide (NO) through inducible enzymes: cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), respectively, implicating them as potential anti-inflammatory drug targets. Prostaglandins 66-79 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 134-150 17943250-1 2007 The inflamed mucosa in ulcerative colitis produces high amount of prostaglandin (PG) and nitric oxide (NO) through inducible enzymes: cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), respectively, implicating them as potential anti-inflammatory drug targets. Prostaglandins 66-79 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 152-157 17943250-1 2007 The inflamed mucosa in ulcerative colitis produces high amount of prostaglandin (PG) and nitric oxide (NO) through inducible enzymes: cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), respectively, implicating them as potential anti-inflammatory drug targets. Prostaglandins 81-83 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 134-150 17943250-1 2007 The inflamed mucosa in ulcerative colitis produces high amount of prostaglandin (PG) and nitric oxide (NO) through inducible enzymes: cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), respectively, implicating them as potential anti-inflammatory drug targets. Prostaglandins 81-83 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 152-157 17537981-0 2007 Selective COX-2 inhibition markedly slows disease progression and attenuates altered prostanoid production in Han:SPRD-cy rats with inherited kidney disease. Prostaglandins 85-95 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 10-15 17537981-8 2007 In summary, COX-2 inhibition attenuated renal injury, reduced the elevated renal COX-2 activity, and ameliorated disease-related alterations in prostanoid production in this rat model of chronic renal disease. Prostaglandins 144-154 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 12-17 18297109-13 2008 COX-2 could act as an enzymatic switch by converting 2-AG from an antinociceptive mediator to a pro-nociceptive prostanoid. Prostaglandins 112-122 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-5 18088065-3 2008 Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) was selected because the transgene for its prostaglandin products that promote angiogenesis, bone formation and bone resorption, are all required for fracture healing. Prostaglandins 68-81 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-16 18088065-3 2008 Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) was selected because the transgene for its prostaglandin products that promote angiogenesis, bone formation and bone resorption, are all required for fracture healing. Prostaglandins 68-81 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 18-23 17008468-1 2006 Treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, either non-selective or selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors, consistently impairs ovulation, indicating the essential role of COX-2/prostaglandins in the ovulatory process. Prostaglandins 196-210 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 88-104 17008468-1 2006 Treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, either non-selective or selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors, consistently impairs ovulation, indicating the essential role of COX-2/prostaglandins in the ovulatory process. Prostaglandins 196-210 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 106-111 17008468-9 2006 These data indicate that the characteristic alterations of follicle rupture induced by indomethacin, are also induced by selective COX-2 inhibitors, strengthening the contention that prostaglandins play a crucial role in the spatial targeting of follicle rupture at the apex. Prostaglandins 183-197 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 131-136 16616432-6 2006 Indomethacin, the prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, efficiently blocked lipopolysaccharide-induced enhancement of spike-wave discharge genesis suggesting that the spike-wave discharge facilitating effect of lipopolysaccharides involves induction of cyclooxygenase 2 and subsequent synthesis and actions of prostaglandin E2. Prostaglandins 18-31 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 250-266 16293664-8 2006 In addition, the immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2, a PG-synthesizing enzyme, in the brain under stress conditions was much enhanced by ADX, and this was counteracted by corticosterone treatment. Prostaglandins 57-59 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 37-53 16420518-1 2006 BACKGROUND/AIM: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an inducible enzyme that catalyzes prostaglandin synthesis, has been implicated in a number of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) functions. Prostaglandins 77-90 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 16-32 16420518-1 2006 BACKGROUND/AIM: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an inducible enzyme that catalyzes prostaglandin synthesis, has been implicated in a number of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) functions. Prostaglandins 77-90 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 34-39 16006544-10 2005 Production of PGE2, a principal COX-2-derived prostaglandin end product, was also greatest in cerebral vessels isolated from ORXT rats. Prostaglandins 46-59 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 32-37 16274925-1 2005 Cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox-2), an enzyme involved in prostaglandin production, is a key player in the development of pathologic changes, such as colorectal cancer, arteriosclerosis and thrombosis. Prostaglandins 48-61 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-16 16274925-1 2005 Cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox-2), an enzyme involved in prostaglandin production, is a key player in the development of pathologic changes, such as colorectal cancer, arteriosclerosis and thrombosis. Prostaglandins 48-61 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 18-23 16008526-0 2005 Cyclo-oxygenase-2 contributes to constitutive prostanoid production in rat kidney and brain. Prostaglandins 46-56 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-17 16221213-10 2005 CONCLUSION: These studies suggest that blockade of specific PGE(2) receptors may be a novel strategy to modulate the pathologic effects of COX-2-derived prostaglandins without simultaneously affecting protective vasodilatory mechanisms. Prostaglandins 153-167 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 139-144 16140209-1 2005 Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the rate-limiting enzyme in prostaglandin synthesis, is induced in many cells by numerous inflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide (NO). Prostaglandins 54-67 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-16 16140209-1 2005 Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the rate-limiting enzyme in prostaglandin synthesis, is induced in many cells by numerous inflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide (NO). Prostaglandins 54-67 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 18-23 15616132-1 2005 Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a rate-limiting enzyme for prostanoid synthesis that is present in cortical pyramidal neurons and highly implicated in control of cerebral blood flow during neural activity. Prostaglandins 55-65 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-16 16221213-9 2005 Strikingly, COX-2 inhibition as well as blockade of the type 1 PGE(2) receptor (EP1) prevented Ang II-induced mesangial cell hypertrophy suggesting that COX-2-derived prostaglandins, and specifically PGE(2), importantly contribute to the growth promoting effects of Ang II. Prostaglandins 167-181 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 12-17 16221213-9 2005 Strikingly, COX-2 inhibition as well as blockade of the type 1 PGE(2) receptor (EP1) prevented Ang II-induced mesangial cell hypertrophy suggesting that COX-2-derived prostaglandins, and specifically PGE(2), importantly contribute to the growth promoting effects of Ang II. Prostaglandins 167-181 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 153-158 15616132-1 2005 Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a rate-limiting enzyme for prostanoid synthesis that is present in cortical pyramidal neurons and highly implicated in control of cerebral blood flow during neural activity. Prostaglandins 55-65 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 18-23 15616132-7 2005 The perivascular COX-2 labeled terminals were among those that also formed axo-dendritic synapses, suggesting that the release of prostanoids and/or excitatory transmitters from a single terminal may simultaneously affect neuronal activity and cerebral blood flow. Prostaglandins 130-141 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 17-22 15616132-8 2005 Thus, COX-2 has a compartmental distribution in somatosensory cortical neurons consistent with the local neuronal synthesis of prostanoids that are involved in neurovascular coupling and whose actions are modulated by nitric oxide. Prostaglandins 127-138 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 6-11 15979590-2 2005 COX-2 activity produces oxidative stress and results in the production of prostaglandins that have many injurious effects. Prostaglandins 74-88 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-5 15758944-1 2005 Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) induces cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) expression in many of its cellular targets resulting in production and release of prostaglandins. Prostaglandins 144-158 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 37-53 15758944-1 2005 Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) induces cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) expression in many of its cellular targets resulting in production and release of prostaglandins. Prostaglandins 144-158 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 55-60 15775781-0 2005 Hypertension increases the participation of vasoconstrictor prostanoids from cyclooxygenase-2 in phenylephrine responses. Prostaglandins 60-71 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 77-93 15718388-3 2005 In renal medulla, prostaglandins derived from cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) stimulate sodium and water excretion, and renal medullary COX-2 expression increases after mineralocorticoid administration. Prostaglandins 18-32 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 46-62 15718388-3 2005 In renal medulla, prostaglandins derived from cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) stimulate sodium and water excretion, and renal medullary COX-2 expression increases after mineralocorticoid administration. Prostaglandins 18-32 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 64-69 15723445-1 2005 Prostaglandins are hepatoprotective molecules generated in liver regeneration by the rapid induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Prostaglandins 0-14 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 104-120 15723445-1 2005 Prostaglandins are hepatoprotective molecules generated in liver regeneration by the rapid induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Prostaglandins 0-14 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 122-127 15717837-9 2005 They also suggest that systemic COX-2-derived prostaglandins do not act as vasodilatory counterregulatory agents in TGR in which an exaggerated vascular responsiveness to angiotensin II is assumed as the pathophysiological mechanism in the development of hypertension. Prostaglandins 46-60 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 32-37 16259714-1 2005 Cyclooxygenase-2 may play a role in resolution of carrageenan-induced pleurisy in rats by generating anti-inflammatory prostanoids. Prostaglandins 119-130 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-16 15525691-8 2005 Furthermore, the cell death was prevented by PGE2 treatment, suggesting that 2,2",4,6,6"-PeCB-induced apoptosis is restricted by prostaglandin upregulation by COX-2. Prostaglandins 129-142 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 159-164 15521009-2 2004 Prostaglandins are the downstream bioactive lipid mediators produced by the COX-2 enzyme. Prostaglandins 0-14 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 76-81 15538275-12 2004 CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that COX-2 mediated prostaglandin has an important role in the down-regulation of AQP-2 water channel level in the medullary collecting duct cells after ureteral obstruction. Prostaglandins 56-69 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 41-46 14511336-9 2003 Additionally, it highlights the involvement of prostaglandins generated by spinal cyclooxygenase-2 activity in the genesis of opioid tolerance. Prostaglandins 47-61 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 82-98 15331912-5 2004 The results of the present study suggest that COX-2 enzyme and prostaglandins derived from COX-2 might play a defensive role in protecting ulceration of the colon akin to that seen in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Prostaglandins 63-77 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 91-96 15044444-1 2004 Peripheral inflammation involves an increase in cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-mediated prostaglandin (PG) synthesis in the central nervous system (CNS), which contributes to allodynia and hyperalgesia. Prostaglandins 82-95 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 48-64 15044444-1 2004 Peripheral inflammation involves an increase in cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-mediated prostaglandin (PG) synthesis in the central nervous system (CNS), which contributes to allodynia and hyperalgesia. Prostaglandins 82-95 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 66-71 15044444-1 2004 Peripheral inflammation involves an increase in cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-mediated prostaglandin (PG) synthesis in the central nervous system (CNS), which contributes to allodynia and hyperalgesia. Prostaglandins 97-99 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 48-64 15044444-1 2004 Peripheral inflammation involves an increase in cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-mediated prostaglandin (PG) synthesis in the central nervous system (CNS), which contributes to allodynia and hyperalgesia. Prostaglandins 97-99 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 66-71 14988416-1 2004 The integrity of gastric mucosa during endotoxemia is maintained by the balance of inflammatory mediators, such as prostanoids originated from cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nitric oxide (NO) from inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS). Prostaglandins 115-126 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 143-159 14988416-1 2004 The integrity of gastric mucosa during endotoxemia is maintained by the balance of inflammatory mediators, such as prostanoids originated from cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nitric oxide (NO) from inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS). Prostaglandins 115-126 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 161-166 14732220-2 2004 Because cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays a key role in prostaglandins (PGs) synthesis, which is elevated in inflammation, we examined whether the anti-inflammatory mechanism of berberine is mediated through COX-2 regulation. Prostaglandins 53-67 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 8-24 14732220-2 2004 Because cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays a key role in prostaglandins (PGs) synthesis, which is elevated in inflammation, we examined whether the anti-inflammatory mechanism of berberine is mediated through COX-2 regulation. Prostaglandins 53-67 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 26-31 14732220-2 2004 Because cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays a key role in prostaglandins (PGs) synthesis, which is elevated in inflammation, we examined whether the anti-inflammatory mechanism of berberine is mediated through COX-2 regulation. Prostaglandins 69-72 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 8-24 14732220-2 2004 Because cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays a key role in prostaglandins (PGs) synthesis, which is elevated in inflammation, we examined whether the anti-inflammatory mechanism of berberine is mediated through COX-2 regulation. Prostaglandins 69-72 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 26-31 15035779-10 2004 These findings suggest that inducible COX-2 derived PGs are involved in central nociceptive processing, which resulted in hyperalgesic behavior following LPS administration and inhibition of COX-2 or its expression attenuated LPS-induced hyperalgesia. Prostaglandins 52-55 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 38-43 15035779-10 2004 These findings suggest that inducible COX-2 derived PGs are involved in central nociceptive processing, which resulted in hyperalgesic behavior following LPS administration and inhibition of COX-2 or its expression attenuated LPS-induced hyperalgesia. Prostaglandins 52-55 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 191-196 14668567-9 2004 Altogether these data strongly support a role for hypoestrogenism rather than LH/FSH enhancement, associated with the removal of ovaries, in the increase of vasoconstrictor prostaglandins, possibly by a mechanism involving PGHS-2 overexpression. Prostaglandins 173-187 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 223-229 15106811-2 2004 Prostaglandins might be one of the mediators of macula densa function, because the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), one of the rate-limiting enzymes of the prostaglandin pathway, is upregulated in 2K1C renovascular hypertensive rats. Prostaglandins 0-14 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 83-99 15106811-2 2004 Prostaglandins might be one of the mediators of macula densa function, because the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), one of the rate-limiting enzymes of the prostaglandin pathway, is upregulated in 2K1C renovascular hypertensive rats. Prostaglandins 0-14 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 101-106 15106811-2 2004 Prostaglandins might be one of the mediators of macula densa function, because the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), one of the rate-limiting enzymes of the prostaglandin pathway, is upregulated in 2K1C renovascular hypertensive rats. Prostaglandins 149-162 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 83-99 15106811-2 2004 Prostaglandins might be one of the mediators of macula densa function, because the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), one of the rate-limiting enzymes of the prostaglandin pathway, is upregulated in 2K1C renovascular hypertensive rats. Prostaglandins 149-162 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 101-106 15273422-10 2004 This first study on the role of renal COX-2 in TGR also demonstrates that COX-2-derived vasodilatory prostanoids do not act as renal compensatory vasodilator and natriuretic substances in this model of hypertension. Prostaglandins 101-112 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 74-79 15044365-10 2004 Our results indicate that aldosterone directly induces COX-2 expression in cardiomyocytes and suggest that the subsequent increase in prostaglandin secretion may act in an autocrine and/or paracrine manner inducing in turn COX-2 and IL-6 expression. Prostaglandins 134-147 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 223-228 15064324-6 2004 The selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor (SC-236) was used to differentiate between COX-1 and -2-derived prostaglandins. Prostaglandins 113-127 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 14-30 15064324-6 2004 The selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor (SC-236) was used to differentiate between COX-1 and -2-derived prostaglandins. Prostaglandins 113-127 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 32-37 15024756-2 2004 However, despite the fact that IL-1 beta induces the prostaglandin-synthesizing enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in brain vascular cells, no study has established the presence of IL-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1) protein in these cells. Prostaglandins 53-66 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 87-103 15024756-2 2004 However, despite the fact that IL-1 beta induces the prostaglandin-synthesizing enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in brain vascular cells, no study has established the presence of IL-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1) protein in these cells. Prostaglandins 53-66 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 105-110 15115339-14 2004 However, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition impaired nitric oxide-dependent gastroprotection, indicating that cyclooxygenase-2 derived prostaglandins may be involved in the gastric mucosal defence. Prostaglandins 128-142 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 9-25 15115339-14 2004 However, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition impaired nitric oxide-dependent gastroprotection, indicating that cyclooxygenase-2 derived prostaglandins may be involved in the gastric mucosal defence. Prostaglandins 128-142 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 103-119 14576556-2 2003 Spinal cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression is upregulated after peripheral inflammation, associated with spinal prostaglandin production leading to central sensitization, but the role of COX isoenzymes in sensitization after nerve injury is less well characterized. Prostaglandins 112-125 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 7-23 14576556-2 2003 Spinal cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression is upregulated after peripheral inflammation, associated with spinal prostaglandin production leading to central sensitization, but the role of COX isoenzymes in sensitization after nerve injury is less well characterized. Prostaglandins 112-125 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 25-30 12735864-1 2003 Cyclooxygenase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the production of prostaglandins, exists in two isoforms, the constitutive cyclooxygenase 1 (Cox-1) and the inducible cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox-2). Prostaglandins 62-76 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 162-178 12846004-4 2003 The aim of this study was to investigate whether a selective COX-2 inhibitor alters prostaglandin production and attenuates systemic disease sequelae in severe acute pancreatitis in rats. Prostaglandins 84-97 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 61-66 12707354-0 2003 Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 is a major terminal synthase that is selectively up-regulated during cyclooxygenase-2-dependent prostaglandin E2 production in the rat adjuvant-induced arthritis model. Prostaglandins 11-24 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 107-123 12649265-1 2003 Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in delayed prostaglandin biosynthesis. Prostaglandins 69-82 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-16 12649265-1 2003 Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in delayed prostaglandin biosynthesis. Prostaglandins 69-82 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 18-23 12900348-0 2003 Role of cyclooxygenase-2 in the generation of vasoactive prostanoids in the rat pulmonary and systemic vascular beds. Prostaglandins 57-68 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 8-24 12562859-7 2003 EPA and DHA also abolished proinflammatory prostaglandin PGE2 production by inhibiting the IL1 beta-induced production of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA. Prostaglandins 43-56 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 122-138 12562859-7 2003 EPA and DHA also abolished proinflammatory prostaglandin PGE2 production by inhibiting the IL1 beta-induced production of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA. Prostaglandins 43-56 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 140-145 12604095-2 2003 Evidence has shown that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an enzyme that converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, is expressed in postsynaptic dendritic spines and is regulated by synaptic activity. Prostaglandins 94-108 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 24-40 12604095-2 2003 Evidence has shown that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an enzyme that converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, is expressed in postsynaptic dendritic spines and is regulated by synaptic activity. Prostaglandins 94-108 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 42-47 12490607-2 2003 The purpose of the present study was to pharmacologically inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) to 1) explore the prostaglandin contribution to blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier permeability alterations and 2) elucidate the in vivo concentration relationship between prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and NO during experimental meningitis. Prostaglandins 142-155 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 66-82 12490538-1 2003 Cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) regulate the formation of physiologically active prostaglandins, the production of which is known to be elevated in several renal disorders. Prostaglandins 140-154 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 66-82 12490607-2 2003 The purpose of the present study was to pharmacologically inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) to 1) explore the prostaglandin contribution to blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier permeability alterations and 2) elucidate the in vivo concentration relationship between prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and NO during experimental meningitis. Prostaglandins 142-155 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 84-89 12468584-1 2002 The present study aimed to determine the relevance of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-derived prostanoids for the adverse effects of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) on cardiovascular function. Prostaglandins 87-98 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 54-70 12629275-1 2003 BACKGROUND: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the inducible isoform of the cyclooxygenases, is upregulated in various inflammatory renal diseases and responsible for prostaglandin formation. Prostaglandins 158-171 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 12-28 12629275-1 2003 BACKGROUND: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the inducible isoform of the cyclooxygenases, is upregulated in various inflammatory renal diseases and responsible for prostaglandin formation. Prostaglandins 158-171 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 30-35 12629275-8 2003 CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that COX-2-derived prostaglandins suppress the expression of alpha(v) integrins. Prostaglandins 48-62 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 34-39 12468584-1 2002 The present study aimed to determine the relevance of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-derived prostanoids for the adverse effects of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) on cardiovascular function. Prostaglandins 87-98 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 72-77 12183639-1 2002 Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) is the major prostaglandin produced both centrally and in the periphery in models of acute and chronic inflammation, and its formation in both locations is blocked by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors such as celecoxib. Prostaglandins 41-54 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 195-211 12468584-8 2002 Taken together, our data suggest that COX-2-derived prostanoids are major mediators for the detrimental effects of LPS on cardiovascular and organ function. Prostaglandins 52-63 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 38-43 12434137-1 2002 COX-2-derived prostaglandins (PG) have been suggested to be important modulators of renin release and expression. Prostaglandins 14-28 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-5 12434137-1 2002 COX-2-derived prostaglandins (PG) have been suggested to be important modulators of renin release and expression. Prostaglandins 30-32 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-5 12434137-3 2002 In the present studies we explored the role of COX-2-derived PG on basal and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI)-stimulated plasma and renal renin concentrations (PRC and RRC, RIA), and mRNA expression (RmRNA, RNAse protection assay) in experimental diabetes (DM). Prostaglandins 61-63 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 47-52 12138126-1 2002 Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), an inducible form of the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the synthesis of prostanoids, has been shown to be overexpressed in a wide range of tumors and possesses proangiogenic and antiapoptotic properties. Prostaglandins 108-119 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-16 12138126-1 2002 Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), an inducible form of the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the synthesis of prostanoids, has been shown to be overexpressed in a wide range of tumors and possesses proangiogenic and antiapoptotic properties. Prostaglandins 108-119 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 18-23 12489814-16 2002 Prostaglandins produced by cyclooxygenase-2 could coordinate with BK to elicit hyperalgesia during inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide. Prostaglandins 0-14 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 27-43 12183639-5 2002 We quantitated mRNA levels for enzymes involved in the prostaglandin biosynthetic pathways and found that both COX-2 and PGE synthase (PGEs) mRNA levels were increased in the brain; no changes were found for expression of COX-1 or PGD synthase mRNA. Prostaglandins 55-68 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 111-116 12036946-9 2002 PPARgamma appears to modulate differentiation and signal growth inhibition, whereas PPARdelta is up-regulated by oncogenic Ras and activated by cyclooxygenase-2-derived prostaglandins. Prostaglandins 169-183 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 144-160 12428691-6 2002 Partial inhibition of misoprostol-induced increase in the level of COX-2 protein by indomethacin or SC-58236 may indicate the modulatory roles of endogenous prostaglandins (PGs, especially, PGE2) on the COX-2 expression. Prostaglandins 157-171 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 67-72 12065615-9 2002 As several lines of evidence suggest that prostaglandins may be potentially neuroprotective, our findings support the hypothesis that free radicals, rather than prostaglandins, mediate the toxicity associated to COX-2 activity. Prostaglandins 42-56 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 212-217 12028436-1 2002 BACKGROUND: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a key enzyme in the synthesis of prostaglandins, is induced in mesangial cells in response to proinflammatory cytokines. Prostaglandins 71-85 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 12-28 12028436-1 2002 BACKGROUND: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a key enzyme in the synthesis of prostaglandins, is induced in mesangial cells in response to proinflammatory cytokines. Prostaglandins 71-85 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 30-35 11967022-7 2002 Prostaglandin production was inhibited by COX-2-specific non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compounds (NS-398 and celecoxib) but, as shown for many non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), an increase in COX-2 protein accompanied this inhibition. Prostaglandins 0-13 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 42-47 11967022-7 2002 Prostaglandin production was inhibited by COX-2-specific non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compounds (NS-398 and celecoxib) but, as shown for many non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), an increase in COX-2 protein accompanied this inhibition. Prostaglandins 0-13 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 208-213 11967022-10 2002 Where hyaluronan is increased, p38 MAP-kinase-dependent provision of prostaglandin substrate, via activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2, and a concomitant increase in cyclooxygenase-2 protein would raise renal prostaglandin levels. Prostaglandins 213-226 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 170-186 11880319-9 2002 We suggest that in kidney failure, the increase in angiotensin II concentration regulates COX-2 expression, thereby increasing prostaglandin synthesis, which contributes to the development of kidney failure. Prostaglandins 127-140 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 90-95 11966528-1 2002 BACKGROUND: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is one of the rate-limiting enzymes for prostaglandin synthesis from arachidonic acid. Prostaglandins 77-90 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 12-28 11966528-1 2002 BACKGROUND: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is one of the rate-limiting enzymes for prostaglandin synthesis from arachidonic acid. Prostaglandins 77-90 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 30-35 11918320-7 2002 These results suggest that prostaglandins and thromboxane, which are produced by COX-2 in inflammatory cells, appear to be related to the inflammatory process produced by application of nucleus pulposus to the nerve root. Prostaglandins 27-41 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 81-86 11862035-4 2002 COX-2 is an inducible enzyme that is expressed primarily in response to inflammatory stimuli and mediates the production of prostaglandins that support the inflammatory process. Prostaglandins 124-138 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-5 14588302-0 2001 Selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibition lowers spinal cord prostaglandin concentrations after injury. Prostaglandins 57-70 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 10-26 11834525-0 2002 Prostacyclin synthase gene transfer modulates cyclooxygenase-2-derived prostanoid synthesis and inhibits neointimal formation in rat balloon-injured arteries. Prostaglandins 71-81 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 46-62 11930903-15 2002 In addition to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, damage resulted in an increase of cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression. Prostaglandins 29-42 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 88-104 14588302-3 2001 PURPOSE: We sought to characterize the effects of COX-2 inhibition on prostaglandin concentrations in the spinal cord after injury. Prostaglandins 70-83 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 50-55 11820457-1 2001 In inflammatory bowel disease, increased production of prostaglandins by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) contributes to bowel dysfunction, inflammatory edema, and hyperemia suggesting that inhibitors of COX-2 may have beneficial effect in gut inflammation. Prostaglandins 55-69 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 73-89 11820457-1 2001 In inflammatory bowel disease, increased production of prostaglandins by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) contributes to bowel dysfunction, inflammatory edema, and hyperemia suggesting that inhibitors of COX-2 may have beneficial effect in gut inflammation. Prostaglandins 55-69 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 91-96 11820457-1 2001 In inflammatory bowel disease, increased production of prostaglandins by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) contributes to bowel dysfunction, inflammatory edema, and hyperemia suggesting that inhibitors of COX-2 may have beneficial effect in gut inflammation. Prostaglandins 55-69 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 196-201 11680616-0 2001 Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 attenuates urinary prostanoid excretion without affecting renal renin expression. Prostaglandins 50-60 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 14-30 11680616-5 2001 The selective COX-2 inhibitor rofecoxib (10 mg/kg per day) markedly lowered basal urinary prostanoid excretion and blunted the stimulation of prostanoid excretion during treatment with low salt plus ramipril. Prostaglandins 90-100 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 14-19 11680616-5 2001 The selective COX-2 inhibitor rofecoxib (10 mg/kg per day) markedly lowered basal urinary prostanoid excretion and blunted the stimulation of prostanoid excretion during treatment with low salt plus ramipril. Prostaglandins 142-152 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 14-19 11680616-9 2001 These findings suggest that stimulation of COX-2 in the renal cortex leads to the increased formation of all major prostanoids. Prostaglandins 115-126 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 43-48 11680616-10 2001 COX-2-derived prostanoids may play a role in the regulation of renin secretion but not in renin gene expression during the intake of a low-salt diet. Prostaglandins 14-25 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-5 11291770-10 2001 These results show that COX-2 is a highly induced enzyme that can be up-regulated in specific cell populations in kidney and adrenal gland in response to inflammation, leading to the elevated levels of prostaglandins seen during fever. Prostaglandins 202-216 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 24-29 11316844-1 2001 This study aimed to assess the role of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-derived prostanoids for the macula densa control of renal afferent arteriolar resistance and for renin secretion. Prostaglandins 72-83 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 39-55 11316844-1 2001 This study aimed to assess the role of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-derived prostanoids for the macula densa control of renal afferent arteriolar resistance and for renin secretion. Prostaglandins 72-83 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 57-62 11283850-1 2001 Treatment of primary cultures of fetal hepatocytes with proinflammatory cytokines, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and hepatocyte growth factor promoted the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and the synthesis of high amounts of prostaglandins (PGs). Prostaglandins 227-241 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 165-181 11283850-1 2001 Treatment of primary cultures of fetal hepatocytes with proinflammatory cytokines, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and hepatocyte growth factor promoted the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and the synthesis of high amounts of prostaglandins (PGs). Prostaglandins 227-241 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 183-188 11283850-1 2001 Treatment of primary cultures of fetal hepatocytes with proinflammatory cytokines, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and hepatocyte growth factor promoted the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and the synthesis of high amounts of prostaglandins (PGs). Prostaglandins 243-246 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 165-181 11283850-1 2001 Treatment of primary cultures of fetal hepatocytes with proinflammatory cytokines, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and hepatocyte growth factor promoted the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and the synthesis of high amounts of prostaglandins (PGs). Prostaglandins 243-246 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 183-188 11283850-3 2001 This process was inhibited when the synthesis of PGs was suppressed pharmacologically with COX-2 inhibitors. Prostaglandins 49-52 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 91-96 11518732-3 2001 This expression of COX-2 limits doxorubicin-induced cardiac cell injury, raising the possibility that the administration of a prostaglandin may protect the heart during the in vivo administration of doxorubicin. Prostaglandins 126-139 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 19-24 11356914-0 2001 Cholera toxin induces prostaglandin synthesis via post-transcriptional activation of cyclooxygenase-2 in the rat jejunum. Prostaglandins 22-35 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 85-101 11368948-1 2001 Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an inducible isoform of cyclooxygenase, which catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins and thromboxane. Prostaglandins 122-136 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-16 11368948-1 2001 Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an inducible isoform of cyclooxygenase, which catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins and thromboxane. Prostaglandins 122-136 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 18-23 11316844-7 2001 These findings suggest that in states of increased renocortical expression of COX-2, overall renal vascular resistance and the macula densa control of renin secretion become dependent on COX-2-derived prostanoids. Prostaglandins 201-212 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 78-83 11316844-7 2001 These findings suggest that in states of increased renocortical expression of COX-2, overall renal vascular resistance and the macula densa control of renin secretion become dependent on COX-2-derived prostanoids. Prostaglandins 201-212 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 187-192 11317684-3 2001 Increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) during HS contributes to prostaglandin production. Prostaglandins 74-87 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 24-40 11042196-2 2001 It has previously been shown that expression of oncogenic forms of Ras in these cells is associated with elevated expression of cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), resulting in high constitutive levels of prostaglandin production. Prostaglandins 238-251 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 171-187 11042196-2 2001 It has previously been shown that expression of oncogenic forms of Ras in these cells is associated with elevated expression of cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), resulting in high constitutive levels of prostaglandin production. Prostaglandins 238-251 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 189-194 11317684-3 2001 Increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) during HS contributes to prostaglandin production. Prostaglandins 74-87 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 42-47 11317684-6 2001 The upregulation of iNOS and COX-2 during ischemia are two important early response genes that promote the inflammatory response and may contribute to organ damage through the rapid and exaggerated production of nitric oxide and prostaglandins. Prostaglandins 229-243 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 29-34 11122354-5 2000 These responses were compared with induction of the prostaglandin-producing enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 and the transcription factor Stat3 that translocates after binding of IL-6. Prostaglandins 52-65 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 83-99 11093953-3 2000 In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that cyclooxygenase-2-derived prostaglandins modulate gastric acid secretion. Prostaglandins 77-91 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 52-68 11118808-1 2000 Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an essential enzyme for prostaglandin synthesis from arachidonic acid, during which considerable amounts of superoxide are produced. Prostaglandins 52-65 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-16 11118808-1 2000 Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an essential enzyme for prostaglandin synthesis from arachidonic acid, during which considerable amounts of superoxide are produced. Prostaglandins 52-65 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 18-23 11029637-3 2000 The inducible enzyme for prostaglandin synthesis cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is known to be upregulated after spinal injury, cerebral ischemia and to stimulate angiogenesis. Prostaglandins 25-38 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 49-65 11029637-3 2000 The inducible enzyme for prostaglandin synthesis cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is known to be upregulated after spinal injury, cerebral ischemia and to stimulate angiogenesis. Prostaglandins 25-38 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 67-72 10568519-1 1999 Cyclooxygenase-2, a key enzyme in prostanoid synthesis, is induced by inflammatory stimuli and it is associated with cell death after cerebral ischemia. Prostaglandins 34-44 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-16 10873624-1 2000 Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an enzyme responsible for catalyzing the committed step in prostanoid biosynthesis, is the product of an immediate early gene capable of being upregulated by diverse stimuli. Prostaglandins 85-95 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-16 10873624-1 2000 Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an enzyme responsible for catalyzing the committed step in prostanoid biosynthesis, is the product of an immediate early gene capable of being upregulated by diverse stimuli. Prostaglandins 85-95 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 18-23 10898767-1 2000 The ability of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors to exacerbate inflammatory bowel disease suggests that prostaglandins are important anti-inflammatory mediators in this context. Prostaglandins 139-153 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 56-72 11022247-7 2000 It is assumed that prostaglandins synthesized by cyclooxygenase-2 diffuse into the brain parenchyma and cause anorexia by activating target nerve structures. Prostaglandins 19-33 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 49-65 10766843-1 2000 Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), an enzyme responsible for catalyzing the committed step in prostanoid biosynthesis, is the product of an immediate early gene capable of being up-regulated by diverse stimuli. Prostaglandins 85-95 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-16 10766843-1 2000 Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), an enzyme responsible for catalyzing the committed step in prostanoid biosynthesis, is the product of an immediate early gene capable of being up-regulated by diverse stimuli. Prostaglandins 85-95 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 18-23 10766843-8 2000 This study demonstrates that Cox-2-derived prostaglandins exert cytoprotective effects in trophic factor withdrawal apoptosis and provides evidence that this is, at least in part, due to suppression of caspase-3 activity. Prostaglandins 43-57 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 29-34 10594344-8 1999 We conclude that prostaglandins generated by both cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 contribute to the healing of gastric lesions induced by ischemia-reperfusion. Prostaglandins 17-31 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 71-87 10972245-1 2000 Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) is a primary inflammatory mediator that converts arachidonic acid into precursors of vasoactive prostaglandins, producing reactive oxygen species in the process. Prostaglandins 120-134 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-16 10972245-1 2000 Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) is a primary inflammatory mediator that converts arachidonic acid into precursors of vasoactive prostaglandins, producing reactive oxygen species in the process. Prostaglandins 120-134 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 18-22 10873679-1 2000 Induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in ischemic myocardium is thought to increase the production of proinflammatory prostanoids and contribute significantly to the ischemic inflammation. Prostaglandins 118-129 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 13-29 10873679-1 2000 Induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in ischemic myocardium is thought to increase the production of proinflammatory prostanoids and contribute significantly to the ischemic inflammation. Prostaglandins 118-129 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 31-36 10807015-9 2000 These lines of evidence suggest that COX-2-derived PGs provide protection against HS-induced liver and bowel injury. Prostaglandins 51-54 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 37-42 10754263-1 2000 Increased oxidative stress resulting in the activation of NF-kappaB is thought to play a crucial role in the expression of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which is the key enzyme in proinflammatory prostanoid synthesis. Prostaglandins 196-206 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 127-143 10754263-1 2000 Increased oxidative stress resulting in the activation of NF-kappaB is thought to play a crucial role in the expression of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which is the key enzyme in proinflammatory prostanoid synthesis. Prostaglandins 196-206 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 145-150 10807499-0 2000 JTE-522 selectively inhibits cyclooxygenase-2-derived prostaglandin production in inflammatory tissues. Prostaglandins 54-67 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 29-45 10688636-8 2000 Consistent with the reported constitutive expression of COX-2, prostanoid release from kidney and brain was reduced by 20 to 30%. Prostaglandins 63-73 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 56-61 10642277-2 2000 Recently, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) emerged as a new key regulator for PG synthesis. Prostaglandins 70-72 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 10-26 10642277-2 2000 Recently, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) emerged as a new key regulator for PG synthesis. Prostaglandins 70-72 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 28-33 10611376-1 1999 Production of prostaglandins involved in renal salt and water homeostasis is modulated by regulated expression of the inducible form of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) at restricted sites in the rat renal cortex. Prostaglandins 14-28 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 136-152 10611376-1 1999 Production of prostaglandins involved in renal salt and water homeostasis is modulated by regulated expression of the inducible form of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) at restricted sites in the rat renal cortex. Prostaglandins 14-28 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 154-159 10560661-1 1999 To clarify the role played by prostaglandins in acute brain inflammation we studied the expression of the key enzyme in their formation, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), following microinjection of bacterial endotoxin (LPS), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), in the rat dorsal hippocampus. Prostaglandins 30-44 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 137-153 10560661-1 1999 To clarify the role played by prostaglandins in acute brain inflammation we studied the expression of the key enzyme in their formation, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), following microinjection of bacterial endotoxin (LPS), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), in the rat dorsal hippocampus. Prostaglandins 30-44 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 155-160 10556918-12 1999 In carrageenan-induced paw oedema, prostanoid production have been linked through the expression of the COX-2 gene which suggest the presence of a positive feedback loop mechanism. Prostaglandins 35-45 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 104-109 10670691-2 1999 In contrast, 25 microM NS-398, a selective inhibitor of prostaglandin H synthase-2 (PGHS-2), inhibited the synthesis of these three prostaglandins by homogenates of the same tissue by only 37-60%. Prostaglandins 132-146 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 56-82 10670691-2 1999 In contrast, 25 microM NS-398, a selective inhibitor of prostaglandin H synthase-2 (PGHS-2), inhibited the synthesis of these three prostaglandins by homogenates of the same tissue by only 37-60%. Prostaglandins 132-146 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 84-90 10502281-3 1999 The purpose of this study is to examine the expression of the key enzymes in prostaglandin synthesis: cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1, constitutive) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2, inducible), during phagocytosis of ROS by RPE cells. Prostaglandins 77-90 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 145-161 10489401-10 1999 Because macula densa-derived prostaglandins are considered stimulators of renin secretion and renin synthesis, inhibition of macula densa COX-2 by angiotensin II could form a novel indirect negative feedback control of the renin system. Prostaglandins 29-43 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 138-143 10220509-0 1999 Selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase 2 spares renal function and prostaglandin synthesis in cirrhotic rats with ascites. Prostaglandins 67-80 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 24-40 10433499-5 1999 As shown by mRNA analysis induction of cyclo-oxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase by activin A gave rise to the enhanced release of prostanoids and NO. Prostaglandins 143-154 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 39-56 11775825-4 1999 Selective COX-2 inhibitor Meloxicam alleviated histopathologic damage in the lung, inhibited production of PGs and attenuated PaO2 decline. Prostaglandins 107-110 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 10-15 11775825-5 1999 CONCLUSIONS: COX-2 is a main isoform responsible for enhancing PGs production during ALI. Prostaglandins 63-66 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 13-18 10328330-8 1999 Our data thus indicate that meconium aspiration induces pulmonary expression of cyclooxygenase-2, suggesting an important role for prostaglandins in the meconium aspiration-induced inflammation in neonatal lungs. Prostaglandins 131-145 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 80-96 10205009-2 1999 Cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) is expressed at sites of inflammation and is believed to be the major source of inflammation-associated prostaglandin synthesis. Prostaglandins 130-143 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-17 9863662-1 1998 Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is involved in the biosynthesis of prostanoids in the course of inflammatory reactions. Prostaglandins 60-71 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-16 10426495-1 1999 The expression of cyclooxygenase-2, a key enzyme in prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis in inflammation, was studied immunohistochemically in in vivo models of acute and chronic inflammatory responses in rat central nervous system. Prostaglandins 52-65 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 18-34 9863662-1 1998 Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is involved in the biosynthesis of prostanoids in the course of inflammatory reactions. Prostaglandins 60-71 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 18-23 9748570-1 1998 Inducible cyclooxygenase 2 (COX 2) converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, which are thought to mediate various peripheral lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced central effects, including generation of fever and activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Prostaglandins 64-78 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 10-26 9786861-1 1998 The inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) induces cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) expression with a concomitant release of prostaglandins from glomerular mesangial cells. Prostaglandins 129-143 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 81-86 9732393-0 1998 Vasoregulatory prostanoid generation proceeds via cyclooxygenase-2 in noninflamed rat lungs. Prostaglandins 15-25 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 50-66 9748570-1 1998 Inducible cyclooxygenase 2 (COX 2) converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, which are thought to mediate various peripheral lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced central effects, including generation of fever and activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Prostaglandins 64-78 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 28-33 9748570-13 1998 These results suggest that peripheral LPS induces a rapid increase in COX 2 production throughout the vasculatures of the brain, which could affect the neuronal activity of widespread brain regions by elevating the levels of prostaglandins. Prostaglandins 225-239 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 70-75 9535006-6 1998 Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by traditional NSAIDs such as indomethacin and diclofenac which non-selectively inhibit both PGHS-1 and PGHS-2, causes gastric and intestinal ulceration and delays gastric ulcer healing in chronic models. Prostaglandins 14-27 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 142-148 9698320-1 1998 Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, is induced in brain blood vessels by pyrogens, and its essential role in fever has been hypothesized. Prostaglandins 62-76 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-16 9698320-1 1998 Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, is induced in brain blood vessels by pyrogens, and its essential role in fever has been hypothesized. Prostaglandins 62-76 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 18-23 9665655-9 1998 Our results suggest that PGs mediating nociception in the formalin test of the rat are most likely produced via the COX-1 as well as COX-2 pathways. Prostaglandins 25-28 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 133-138 9612278-8 1998 The study provides evidence that prostaglandins derived from a constitutive cyclooxygenase-2 contribute to mucosal defense in the presence of ulcerogens and thus participate in homeostatic functions of the stomach. Prostaglandins 33-47 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 76-92 9602052-1 1998 Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an inducible type of enzyme that is involved in prostaglandin biosynthesis. Prostaglandins 76-89 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-16 9602052-1 1998 Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an inducible type of enzyme that is involved in prostaglandin biosynthesis. Prostaglandins 76-89 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 18-23 9602052-17 1998 These results suggest that the brain blood vessels are the major sites where TNF-alpha enhances PG biosynthesis after peripheral as well as after central injection, and provides further evidence supporting the hypothesis that COX-2 induced in the brain blood vessels is involved in fever. Prostaglandins 96-98 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 226-231 9034831-2 1997 We have previously shown that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible NO synthase (iNOS), the two key enzymes in prostaglandin and NO synthesis, respectively, are rapidly co-induced in rat neonatal microglial cultures activated by bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) and that COX-2 expression appears to be under the negative control of endogenous as well as exogenous NO. Prostaglandins 112-125 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 30-46 9376536-1 1997 Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is considered to play a major role in inflammation processes by catalyzing the production of prostaglandins (PGs). Prostaglandins 118-132 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-16 9376536-1 1997 Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is considered to play a major role in inflammation processes by catalyzing the production of prostaglandins (PGs). Prostaglandins 118-132 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 18-23 9376536-1 1997 Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is considered to play a major role in inflammation processes by catalyzing the production of prostaglandins (PGs). Prostaglandins 134-137 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-16 9376536-1 1997 Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is considered to play a major role in inflammation processes by catalyzing the production of prostaglandins (PGs). Prostaglandins 134-137 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 18-23 9376536-4 1997 The results suggest that COX-2 expressed in non-neuronal cells contributes to PG production in and around the spinal cord under peripheral inflammatory processes. Prostaglandins 78-80 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 25-30 9182946-1 1997 Cyclooxygenase-2, the inducible isoform of cyclooxygenase, is highly expressed in microglial cells activated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide and is a major regulatory factor in the synthesis of prostanoids, such as prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxanes. Prostaglandins 194-205 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-16 9182946-1 1997 Cyclooxygenase-2, the inducible isoform of cyclooxygenase, is highly expressed in microglial cells activated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide and is a major regulatory factor in the synthesis of prostanoids, such as prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxanes. Prostaglandins 215-229 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-16 9034831-2 1997 We have previously shown that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible NO synthase (iNOS), the two key enzymes in prostaglandin and NO synthesis, respectively, are rapidly co-induced in rat neonatal microglial cultures activated by bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) and that COX-2 expression appears to be under the negative control of endogenous as well as exogenous NO. Prostaglandins 112-125 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 48-53 9034831-2 1997 We have previously shown that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible NO synthase (iNOS), the two key enzymes in prostaglandin and NO synthesis, respectively, are rapidly co-induced in rat neonatal microglial cultures activated by bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) and that COX-2 expression appears to be under the negative control of endogenous as well as exogenous NO. Prostaglandins 112-125 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 286-291 9020023-0 1997 Concordant induction of prostaglandin E2 synthase with cyclooxygenase-2 leads to preferred production of prostaglandin E2 over thromboxane and prostaglandin D2 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated rat peritoneal macrophages. Prostaglandins 24-37 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 55-71 9479635-11 1997 The results also suggest that cox-2 is involved in de novo synthesis of prostaglandins and cell proliferation in gastric epithelium. Prostaglandins 72-86 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 30-35 9071487-1 1997 Cyclooxygenase or prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthase-2 (PGHS-2) is the first enzyme in the prostanoid biosynthetic pathways and, in brain, it is regulated as an immediate-early gene (IEG). Prostaglandins 94-104 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 18-57 9071487-1 1997 Cyclooxygenase or prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthase-2 (PGHS-2) is the first enzyme in the prostanoid biosynthetic pathways and, in brain, it is regulated as an immediate-early gene (IEG). Prostaglandins 94-104 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 59-65 9182946-5 1997 The observations that the lipopolysaccharide-induced prostanoid production was specifically increased by 11-deoxy-16,16-dm PGE2, a selective agonist at the PGE2 receptor EP2 coupled to the activation of adenylyl cyclase, and that the enhancing effect of PGE2 was partially prevented by specific inhibitors of adenylyl cyclase and protein kinase A, suggest that the up-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 expression by PGE2 is mediated by cAMP, through a putative microglial EP2 receptor. Prostaglandins 53-63 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 382-398 9182946-6 1997 Unexpectedly, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as indomethacin and 6-methoxy naphthalene acetic acidic, which inhibit cyclooxygenase enzymatic activity and abrogate prostanoid synthesis, caused a moderate but consistent up-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 expression. Prostaglandins 175-185 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 247-263 8891309-0 1996 Endothelial cells of the rat brain vasculature express cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA in response to systemic interleukin-1 beta: a possible site of prostaglandin synthesis responsible for fever. Prostaglandins 140-153 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 55-71 9042393-2 1997 However, the quantitative expression state of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a protein which induces cytoprotective prostaglandins during inflammation, is still unknown in acute gastric injury induced by I-R. Prostaglandins 111-125 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 46-62 9042393-2 1997 However, the quantitative expression state of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a protein which induces cytoprotective prostaglandins during inflammation, is still unknown in acute gastric injury induced by I-R. Prostaglandins 111-125 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 64-69 8780024-0 1996 Interferon-gamma and nitric oxide down-regulate lipopolysaccharide-induced prostanoid production in cultured rat microglial cells by inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 expression. Prostaglandins 75-85 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 144-160 8903327-3 1996 Selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 have been suggested to spare gastrointestinal prostaglandin synthesis, and therefore lack the ulcerogenic effects associated with standard nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Prostaglandins 87-100 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 24-40 8903327-8 1996 The prostaglandins produced during colitis were largely derived from cyclooxygenase-2. Prostaglandins 4-18 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 69-85 8987571-8 1996 This increase of PGE2 production was consistent with a 3.3- to 9.5-fold elevation of inducible prostaglandin G/H synthase-2 (PGHS-2) mRNA, quantitated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Prostaglandins 95-108 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 125-131 8521479-1 1995 Prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2, also referred to as cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), is a key enzyme in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins and other eicosanoids. Prostaglandins 142-156 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-37 8521479-1 1995 Prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2, also referred to as cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), is a key enzyme in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins and other eicosanoids. Prostaglandins 142-156 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 59-75 8521479-1 1995 Prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2, also referred to as cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), is a key enzyme in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins and other eicosanoids. Prostaglandins 142-156 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 77-82 8159730-3 1994 The time course of the induction of COX-2 mRNA and protein coincided with the production of PGs in the pouch tissue and cellular infiltrate. Prostaglandins 92-95 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 36-41 8132578-12 1994 The findings suggest that the prostanoid responses after vascular injury are, in part, mediated by acute increases in cox2 mRNA and cyclooxygenase-2 protein. Prostaglandins 30-40 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 132-148 35172004-10 2022 Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the key enzyme in catalyzing the biosynthesis of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid, was highly expressed in the esophagus of irradiated rats. Prostaglandins 75-89 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-16 35172004-10 2022 Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the key enzyme in catalyzing the biosynthesis of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid, was highly expressed in the esophagus of irradiated rats. Prostaglandins 75-89 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 18-23 34920958-2 2022 Cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) and its metabolite prostaglandins are known to promote the inflammatory resolution of ARDS. Prostaglandins 43-57 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-16