PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 28427087-1 2017 BACKGROUND: We investigated the predictive value of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) phenotype, measured as pretreatment serum uracil and dihydrouracil concentrations, for severe as well as fatal fluoropyrimidine-associated toxicity in 550 patients treated previously with fluoropyrimidines during a prospective multicenter study. Uracil 132-138 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 52-83 27179185-1 2016 Quantification of the endogenous dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) substrate uracil (U) and the reaction product dihydrouracil (UH2) in plasma might be suitable for identification of patients at risk of fluoropyrimidine-induced toxicity as a result of DPD deficiency. Uracil 81-87 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 33-64 28481884-7 2017 DPD phenotype was assessed by pre-treatment plasma uracil (U) and dihydrouracil (UH2) measurement. Uracil 51-57 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-3 27179185-1 2016 Quantification of the endogenous dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) substrate uracil (U) and the reaction product dihydrouracil (UH2) in plasma might be suitable for identification of patients at risk of fluoropyrimidine-induced toxicity as a result of DPD deficiency. Uracil 81-87 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 66-69 26804652-1 2016 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the initial and rate-limiting enzyme in the catabolism of the pyrimidine bases uracil, thymine and the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil. Uracil 120-126 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 33-36 26804652-5 2016 DPD activity was significantly associated with the plasma concentrations of uracil, the presence of a specific DPYD mutation (c.1905+1G>A) and the combined presence of three risk variants in DPYD (c.1905+1G>A, c.1129-5923C>G, c.2846A>T), but not with an altered uracil/dihydrouracil (U/UH2) ratio. Uracil 76-82 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-3 26804652-5 2016 DPD activity was significantly associated with the plasma concentrations of uracil, the presence of a specific DPYD mutation (c.1905+1G>A) and the combined presence of three risk variants in DPYD (c.1905+1G>A, c.1129-5923C>G, c.2846A>T), but not with an altered uracil/dihydrouracil (U/UH2) ratio. Uracil 274-280 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-3 26804652-5 2016 DPD activity was significantly associated with the plasma concentrations of uracil, the presence of a specific DPYD mutation (c.1905+1G>A) and the combined presence of three risk variants in DPYD (c.1905+1G>A, c.1129-5923C>G, c.2846A>T), but not with an altered uracil/dihydrouracil (U/UH2) ratio. Uracil 274-280 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 194-198 26804652-10 2016 Our studies showed that the endogenous levels of uracil and the U/UH2 ratio are poor predictors of an impaired DPD activity. Uracil 49-55 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 111-114 26265035-0 2016 Genotyping of a family with a novel deleterious DPYD mutation supports the pretherapeutic screening of DPD deficiency with dihydrouracil/uracil ratio. Uracil 130-136 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 48-52 26551538-2 2016 Uracil (U) can be used as a probe to determine systemic DPD activity. Uracil 0-6 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 56-59 26265035-2 2016 We report here the genetic and phenotypic analyses of DPD in a family related to a patient who died after a first cycle of 5-fluorouracil and in 15 additional retrospective patients having a partial DPD deficiency (as measured by plasma dihydrouracil/uracil ratio). Uracil 131-137 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 54-57 25940841-1 2015 OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to develop and validate a high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the measurement of plasma concentrations of uracil and dihydrouracil after administration of an oral loading dose of uracil in the context of evaluation of DPD enzyme activity. Uracil 159-165 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 271-274 25940841-11 2015 This assay might be suitable to investigate the eventual correlation between concentrations of uracil and dihydrouracil in plasma after an oral loading dose and DPD enzyme activity, with potential contribution to therapeutic drug monitoring. Uracil 95-101 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 161-164 25957957-0 2015 Influence of metastatic disease on the usefulness of uracil pharmacokinetics as a screening tool for DPD activity in colorectal cancer patients. Uracil 53-59 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 101-104 25957957-9 2015 Therefore, the uracil test dose could be used as a DPD phenotype test in both adjuvantly treated and metastatic CRC patients using similar cutoff criteria to identify patients with DPD deficiency. Uracil 15-21 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 51-54 25410891-0 2014 Predicting 5-fluorouracil toxicity: DPD genotype and 5,6-dihydrouracil:uracil ratio. Uracil 19-25 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 36-39 25102934-1 2014 PURPOSE: 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) competes with uracil (Ura) as a substrate for dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD). Uracil 17-23 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 77-108 25102934-1 2014 PURPOSE: 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) competes with uracil (Ura) as a substrate for dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD). Uracil 17-23 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 110-113 25102934-1 2014 PURPOSE: 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) competes with uracil (Ura) as a substrate for dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD). Uracil 53-56 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 77-108 25102934-1 2014 PURPOSE: 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) competes with uracil (Ura) as a substrate for dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD). Uracil 53-56 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 110-113 25102934-2 2014 Low DPD activity impairs breakdown of Ura to dihydrouracil (UH2) and is associated with toxicity during 5-FU-based chemotherapy. Uracil 38-41 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 4-7 25410891-2 2014 Here, we evaluated the baseline (pretherapeutic) plasma 5,6-dihydrouracil:uracil (UH2:U) ratio as a marker of DPD activity in the context of DPYD genotypes. Uracil 67-73 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 110-113 22454320-3 2013 DPD converts endogenous uracil (U) into 5,6-dihydrouracil (UH(2) ), and analogously, 5-FU into 5-fluoro-5,6-dihydrouracil (5-FUH(2) ). Uracil 24-30 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-3 24452393-8 2014 A significant increase in uracil Cmax was observed at administered doses of 150 mg or higher of TAS-114, suggesting that significant inhibition of DPD occurred at these doses. Uracil 26-32 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 147-150 24401318-1 2014 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD, encoded by DPYD) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the uracil catabolic pathway and has a pivotal role in the pharmacokinetics of the commonly prescribed anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Uracil 90-96 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-31 24401318-1 2014 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD, encoded by DPYD) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the uracil catabolic pathway and has a pivotal role in the pharmacokinetics of the commonly prescribed anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Uracil 90-96 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 33-36 24401318-1 2014 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD, encoded by DPYD) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the uracil catabolic pathway and has a pivotal role in the pharmacokinetics of the commonly prescribed anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Uracil 90-96 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 49-53 24648345-1 2014 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the initial and rate-limiting enzyme of the uracil catabolic pathway, being critically important for inactivation of the commonly prescribed anti-cancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Uracil 85-91 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-31 24648345-1 2014 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the initial and rate-limiting enzyme of the uracil catabolic pathway, being critically important for inactivation of the commonly prescribed anti-cancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Uracil 85-91 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 33-36 22020693-2 2012 5-FU competes with the natural occurring pyrimidine uracil (Ura) as a substrate for dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD; enzyme commission number 1.3.1.2). Uracil 60-63 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 84-115 22020693-2 2012 5-FU competes with the natural occurring pyrimidine uracil (Ura) as a substrate for dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD; enzyme commission number 1.3.1.2). Uracil 60-63 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 117-120 18172246-5 2008 Interestingly, addition of a dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) inhibitor, such as uracil, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine, or eniluracil, to the fluoropyrimidine treatment regimen significantly diminishes the incidence of HFS. Uracil 86-92 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 29-60 21590448-4 2011 METHODS: Five hundred milligrams of uracil per metre square was administered orally to 11 subjects with normal DPD status and to 10 subjects with reduced DPD activity. Uracil 36-42 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 111-114 21590448-4 2011 METHODS: Five hundred milligrams of uracil per metre square was administered orally to 11 subjects with normal DPD status and to 10 subjects with reduced DPD activity. Uracil 36-42 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 154-157 21590448-6 2011 RESULTS: In subjects with normal DPD status, 500 mg/m(2) uracil resulted in uracil C (max) levels of 14.4 +- 4.7 mg/L at T (max) = 30.0 +- 11.6 min, and in DPD-deficient subjects, 20.0 +- 4.5 mg/L at 31.5 +- 1.1 min. Uracil 57-63 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 33-36 21590448-7 2011 The uracil AUC(0>180) was 31.2 +- 5.1 mg L/h in DPD-deficient subjects, which was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in the subjects with normal DPD status (13.8 +- 3.9 mg L/h). Uracil 4-10 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 51-54 21590448-9 2011 CONCLUSION: The pharmacokinetics of uracil differs significantly between subjects with a normal DPD activity and those with a deficient DPD status. Uracil 36-42 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 96-99 21590448-10 2011 The AUC and C (max) of uracil can be useful as a diagnostic tool to differentiate patients with regard to DPD status. Uracil 23-29 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 106-109 19381049-0 2009 [Significance of urinary uracil measurement following administration of DPD inhibitory fluoropyrimidine(DIF)products]. Uracil 25-31 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 72-75 19381049-2 2009 Because urinary uracil is a reflection of DPD activity, it is measured to predict and prevent the occurrence of side effects caused by pyrimidine-type chemotherapeutic agents. Uracil 16-22 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 42-45 18633222-3 2008 Therefore the urinary uracil value, which could simply be predicted in the DPD activity at the time of a recurrence after having administered S-1 for a long-term, was measured. Uracil 22-28 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 75-78 18633222-8 2008 The urinary uracil value reflecting DPD activity of the whole body could be used as an index of recurrence at the time of long-term dosage of S-1. Uracil 12-18 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 36-39 17637782-1 2008 Uracil-Ftorafur (UFT) combines the 5-fluorouracil (FU) prodrug tegafur with uracil (at a 1:4 molar ratio), which is a competitive inhibitor of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), the limiting enzyme of FU catabolism. Uracil 43-49 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 143-174 18172246-5 2008 Interestingly, addition of a dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) inhibitor, such as uracil, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine, or eniluracil, to the fluoropyrimidine treatment regimen significantly diminishes the incidence of HFS. Uracil 86-92 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 62-65 17308379-1 2007 BACKGROUND: This study was designed to measure the dihydrouracil (UH(2))/uracil (U) ratio in plasma as a surrogate marker for dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) activity and to investigate the relationships of the UH(2)/U ratios in plasma with the toxicities of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based adjuvant chemotherapy and 5-FU plasma concentrations in colorectal cancer patients. Uracil 58-64 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 126-157 17603216-2 2007 UFT is a combination preparation of tegafur with uracil, which also inhibits DPD, though less potently; UFT has a higher content of tegafur than that in TS-1. Uracil 49-55 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 77-80 17603216-4 2007 METHODS: We developed a model incorporating the inhibition of DPD by gimeracil and uracil, and fitted the model to the observed kinetics of tegafur and 5-FU after the administration of TS-1 and UFT. Uracil 83-89 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 62-65 17582309-7 2007 Different techniques for the detection of DPD deficiency before treatment have been reported: phenotypic, such as the plasma ratio of dihydrouracil/uracil, or genotypic, such as the detection of DPD gene variants, deleterious for enzyme activity. Uracil 141-147 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 42-45 16556484-6 2007 DPYD encodes dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), which is the first and rate-limiting enzyme in a three-step metabolic pathway involved in degradation of the pyrimidine bases uracil and thymine. Uracil 178-184 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-4 16556484-6 2007 DPYD encodes dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), which is the first and rate-limiting enzyme in a three-step metabolic pathway involved in degradation of the pyrimidine bases uracil and thymine. Uracil 178-184 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 13-44 16556484-6 2007 DPYD encodes dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), which is the first and rate-limiting enzyme in a three-step metabolic pathway involved in degradation of the pyrimidine bases uracil and thymine. Uracil 178-184 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 46-49 17952005-0 2007 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity during long-term adjuvant treatment with oral uracil and tegafur for colorectal cancer. Uracil 87-93 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-31 17952005-3 2007 This study was conducted to examine changes in DPD activity in peripheral mononuclear cells (PMNC) during long-term treatment with oral uracil and tegafur (UFT) for colorectal cancer. Uracil 136-142 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 47-50 17308379-1 2007 BACKGROUND: This study was designed to measure the dihydrouracil (UH(2))/uracil (U) ratio in plasma as a surrogate marker for dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) activity and to investigate the relationships of the UH(2)/U ratios in plasma with the toxicities of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based adjuvant chemotherapy and 5-FU plasma concentrations in colorectal cancer patients. Uracil 58-64 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 159-162 16912518-1 2006 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD, EC 1.3.1.2) is the initial and rate-limiting enzyme in the catabolism of the pyrimidine bases, uracil and thymine, and is also known to be the key enzyme catalyzing the metabolic degradation of the anti-cancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Uracil 133-139 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-31 17143493-0 2007 Cyclophosphamide augments the anti-tumor efficacy of uracil and tegafur by inhibiting dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase. Uracil 53-59 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 86-117 16912518-1 2006 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD, EC 1.3.1.2) is the initial and rate-limiting enzyme in the catabolism of the pyrimidine bases, uracil and thymine, and is also known to be the key enzyme catalyzing the metabolic degradation of the anti-cancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Uracil 133-139 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 33-36 17065072-1 2006 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) constitutes the first step of the pyrimidine degradation pathway in which the pyrimidine bases uracil and thymine are catabolised to beta-alanine and beta-aminoisobutyric acid (beta-AIB), respectively. Uracil 133-139 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-31 17065072-1 2006 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) constitutes the first step of the pyrimidine degradation pathway in which the pyrimidine bases uracil and thymine are catabolised to beta-alanine and beta-aminoisobutyric acid (beta-AIB), respectively. Uracil 133-139 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 33-36 16151913-2 2005 DPD is the enzyme that catalyses the first and the rate-limiting step in the catabolism of uracil, thymine and the analogue 5-fluorouracil. Uracil 91-97 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-3 15899693-1 2005 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the initial and rate-limiting enzyme in the catabolism of the pyrimidine bases uracil and thymine, as well as of the widely used chemotherapeutic drug 5-fluorouracil (5FU). Uracil 120-126 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-31 15899693-1 2005 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the initial and rate-limiting enzyme in the catabolism of the pyrimidine bases uracil and thymine, as well as of the widely used chemotherapeutic drug 5-fluorouracil (5FU). Uracil 120-126 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 33-36 14744810-0 2004 Circadian rhythm of dihydrouracil/uracil ratios in biological fluids: a potential biomarker for dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase levels. Uracil 27-33 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 96-127 15271097-4 2004 OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to develop a rapid and simple high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for estimating uracil/dihydrouracil (U/UH2) ratio in plasma, as an index of DPD status, and for assaying 5-FU as part of drug level monitoring. Uracil 136-142 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 197-200 14705962-1 2004 DPD (dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase) constitutes the first step of the pyrimidine degradation pathway, in which the pyrimidine bases uracil and thymine are catabolized to beta-alanine and the R-enantiomer of beta-AIB (beta-aminoisobutyric acid) respectively. Uracil 134-140 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-36 14744810-4 2004 In this study, we identified the dihydrouracil/uracil (UH2/Ura) ratio in plasma or urine as a potential biomarker reflecting the activity of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), the rate-limiting enzyme in 5-FUra metabolism. Uracil 40-46 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 141-172 14744810-4 2004 In this study, we identified the dihydrouracil/uracil (UH2/Ura) ratio in plasma or urine as a potential biomarker reflecting the activity of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), the rate-limiting enzyme in 5-FUra metabolism. Uracil 40-46 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 174-177 14744810-4 2004 In this study, we identified the dihydrouracil/uracil (UH2/Ura) ratio in plasma or urine as a potential biomarker reflecting the activity of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), the rate-limiting enzyme in 5-FUra metabolism. Uracil 59-62 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 141-172 14744810-4 2004 In this study, we identified the dihydrouracil/uracil (UH2/Ura) ratio in plasma or urine as a potential biomarker reflecting the activity of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), the rate-limiting enzyme in 5-FUra metabolism. Uracil 59-62 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 174-177 14744810-11 2004 Significant linear correlations with liver DPD levels were demonstrated for plasma UH2/Ura ratios (r=0.883, P<0.01), urine UH2/Ura ratios (r=0.832, P<0.01) and PBMC DPD levels (r=0.859, P<0.01). Uracil 87-90 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 43-46 14744810-11 2004 Significant linear correlations with liver DPD levels were demonstrated for plasma UH2/Ura ratios (r=0.883, P<0.01), urine UH2/Ura ratios (r=0.832, P<0.01) and PBMC DPD levels (r=0.859, P<0.01). Uracil 130-133 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 43-46 14712769-7 2003 Under present circumstances where understanding of genome diagnosis and establishment of informed consent are rather difficult, this approach of predicting DPD activities through the determination of urinary uracil levels seems to be of help for deciding a therapeutic regimen based on the patient"s constitutional features when a cancer chemotherapy with TS-1 is performed. Uracil 208-214 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 156-159 14712769-0 2003 [Support of TS-1, 5-FU preparation containing potent DPD inhibitor by determination of urinary uracil/serum 5-FU clearance]. Uracil 95-101 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 53-56 14712769-2 2003 In recent years, it has become possible to predict the metabolism of FU-derived anticancer agents by DPD activity through the determination of urinary uracil levels. Uracil 151-157 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 101-104 14551502-2 2003 DPD-inhibiting oral fluoropyrimidines showing promise in early clinical studies included UFT (the 5-FU prodrug, tegafur, plus the DPD substrate, uracil), eniluracil (an irreversible DPD inhibitor that improves the oral bioavailability of 5-FU) and S-1 (tegafur plus a reversible DPD inhibitor, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine, and oxonic acid). Uracil 145-151 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-3 12006517-1 2002 PURPOSE: This study determined the effect of different weekly dosing schedules of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/leucovorin (LV)/eniluracil on dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) activity and plasma uracil levels. Uracil 90-96 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 134-165 12751387-1 2003 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the pathway of uracil and thymine catabolism. Uracil 84-90 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-31 12751387-1 2003 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the pathway of uracil and thymine catabolism. Uracil 84-90 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 33-36 12557710-2 2003 Though DPD activity is usually determined in the liver or blood, a more simplified estimation of DPD activity has been recently attempted using urine uracil levels. Uracil 150-156 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 97-100 12355409-0 2002 Predictive value of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase expression in tumor tissue, regarding the efficacy of postoperatively administered UFT (Tegafur + Uracil) in patients with p-stage I nonsmall-cell lung cancer. Uracil 150-156 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 20-51 12076692-2 2002 Both 5-FU and uracil (U) are catabolised by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) to form dihydrofluorouracil (FUH(2)) and dihydrouracil (UH(2)), respectively. Uracil 14-20 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 44-75 12076692-2 2002 Both 5-FU and uracil (U) are catabolised by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) to form dihydrofluorouracil (FUH(2)) and dihydrouracil (UH(2)), respectively. Uracil 14-20 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 77-80 12739060-5 2003 Uracil levels, indicative of DPD inhibition, also increased dose-dependently from basal levels of 0.03-0.25 microM to 3.6-9.4 microM after 2-4 h, and 0.09-0.9 microM was still present after 24 h. The pharmacokinetics of CDHP and uracil were linear over the dose range. Uracil 0-6 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 29-32 12074825-1 2002 OBJECTIVE: Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) catalyzes the degradation of thymine, uracil, and the chemotherapeutic drug 5-Fluorouracil. Uracil 87-93 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 44-47 12006517-11 2002 Although baseline uracil values did not predict DPD activity accurately, plasma uracil levels >0.95 microM were associated with significantly lower DPD activity (median, 18.4 versus 287.6 pmol/min/mg). Uracil 80-86 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 151-154 11668512-3 2001 Thymidine phosphorylase (TP) anabolises formation of pyrimidine nucleosides available for DNA synthesis, whereas dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) catabolises the degradation of pyrimidine bases, thereby reducing levels of uracil and thymine available for DNA synthesis. Uracil 227-233 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 113-144 11984087-2 2002 UFT containing uracil (U) and Tegafur is the first reported DPD-inhibitory fluoropyrimidine. Uracil 15-21 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 60-63 11896120-7 2002 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) activity was determined by measuring plasma uracil, urinary alpha-fluoro-beta-alanine, and peripheral-blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) DPD activity. Uracil 82-88 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-31 11896120-7 2002 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) activity was determined by measuring plasma uracil, urinary alpha-fluoro-beta-alanine, and peripheral-blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) DPD activity. Uracil 82-88 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 33-36 11668512-3 2001 Thymidine phosphorylase (TP) anabolises formation of pyrimidine nucleosides available for DNA synthesis, whereas dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) catabolises the degradation of pyrimidine bases, thereby reducing levels of uracil and thymine available for DNA synthesis. Uracil 227-233 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 146-149 10595802-4 1999 Recently, investigators have identified at least five compounds -capecitabine, UFT (tegafur plus uracil), eniluracil, S-1, and BOF-A2-that inhibit, destroy, inactivate, or bypass DPD"s activity. Uracil 97-103 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 179-182 11241325-4 2001 UFT (uracil:tegafur) plus oral leucovorin (Orzel) is the first oral DPD-inhibitory fluoropyrimidine. Uracil 5-11 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 68-71 11290431-1 2001 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the pathway of uracil and thymine catabolism. Uracil 84-90 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-31 11290431-1 2001 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the pathway of uracil and thymine catabolism. Uracil 84-90 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 33-36 11060767-6 2000 Eniluracil (ethynyluracil, GlaxoWellcome, USA), a uracil analogue, which irreversibly inhibits DPD, increases the oral bioavailability of 5-FU to 100%, facilitating uniform absorption and predictable toxicity. Uracil 4-10 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 95-98 10620566-1 2000 BACKGROUND: Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) catalyzes the degradation of thymine, uracil, and the chemotherapeutic drug 5-fluorouracil. Uracil 88-94 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 12-43 10620566-1 2000 BACKGROUND: Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) catalyzes the degradation of thymine, uracil, and the chemotherapeutic drug 5-fluorouracil. Uracil 88-94 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 45-48 9704742-5 1998 RESULTS: The uracil in UFT slows degradation of 5-FU by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), which results in sustained concentrations of 5-FU in blood and tumor tissues. Uracil 13-19 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 56-87 10071185-7 1999 An altered beta-alanine, uracil and thymine homeostasis might underlie the various clinical abnormalities encountered in patients with DPD deficiency. Uracil 25-31 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 135-138 10499634-1 1999 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is responsible for degradation of the pyrimidines uracil and thymine and the inactivation of the chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil. Uracil 88-94 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-31 10499634-1 1999 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is responsible for degradation of the pyrimidines uracil and thymine and the inactivation of the chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil. Uracil 88-94 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 33-36 9704742-5 1998 RESULTS: The uracil in UFT slows degradation of 5-FU by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), which results in sustained concentrations of 5-FU in blood and tumor tissues. Uracil 13-19 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 89-92 9679586-3 1998 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity is usually measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, but this time it was estimated from the analysis of uracil, dihydrouracil, thymine, and dihydrothymine in the urine. Uracil 152-158 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-31 21528302-0 1997 Enhancing 5-fluorouracil cytotoxicity by inhibiting dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity with uracil in human tumor cells. Uracil 18-24 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 52-83 9636062-1 1998 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the degradation of pyrimidines in mammals, the reduction of uracil or thymine to their 5,6-dihydro derivatives. Uracil 128-134 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-31 21528302-4 1997 Uracil inhibited both DPD activity and cell growth in a concentration-dependent manner, and exhibited maximum effect at molar ratios to 5-FU of more than 10 (DPD activity, almost complete inhibition; growth-inhibitory effect, about a 30% increase). Uracil 0-6 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 22-25 21528302-4 1997 Uracil inhibited both DPD activity and cell growth in a concentration-dependent manner, and exhibited maximum effect at molar ratios to 5-FU of more than 10 (DPD activity, almost complete inhibition; growth-inhibitory effect, about a 30% increase). Uracil 0-6 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 158-161 21528302-5 1997 In addition, the cytosolic DPD activity of OCC-1 human head and neck tumors, collected following the oral administration of ss mg/kg of uracil to tumor-bearing nude mice, decreased to about 50% of that of OCC-1 tumors not treated with uracil. Uracil 136-142 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 27-30 21528302-5 1997 In addition, the cytosolic DPD activity of OCC-1 human head and neck tumors, collected following the oral administration of ss mg/kg of uracil to tumor-bearing nude mice, decreased to about 50% of that of OCC-1 tumors not treated with uracil. Uracil 235-241 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 27-30 21528302-6 1997 These findings suggested that combined fluoropyrimidine and uracil treatment of tumors with high basal DPD, elicits a greater antitumor effect than fluoropyrimidines alone, since uracil could inhibit the degradation of 5-FU in the tumor. Uracil 60-66 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 103-106 21528302-6 1997 These findings suggested that combined fluoropyrimidine and uracil treatment of tumors with high basal DPD, elicits a greater antitumor effect than fluoropyrimidines alone, since uracil could inhibit the degradation of 5-FU in the tumor. Uracil 179-185 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 103-106 9254861-1 1997 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step in the breakdown of thymine, uracil, and the widely used antineoplastic drug, 5-fluorouracil. Uracil 104-110 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-31 9323539-2 1997 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) catalyzes the reduction of the naturally occurring pyrimidines, uracil and thymine, and the fluoropyrimidine anticancer drug, 5-fluorouracil (FUra) to 5,6-dihydropyrimidines. Uracil 102-108 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-31 9323539-2 1997 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) catalyzes the reduction of the naturally occurring pyrimidines, uracil and thymine, and the fluoropyrimidine anticancer drug, 5-fluorouracil (FUra) to 5,6-dihydropyrimidines. Uracil 102-108 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 33-36 7929074-1 1994 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPDase) catalyzed the debromination of 5-bromo-5,6-dihydrouracil (BrUH2) to uracil at pH 7.7 and 37 degrees C. The debrominating activity of DPDase was increased 5-fold by treatment with H2O2, whereas the dehydrogenating activity was inhibited by this treatment. Uracil 91-97 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-31 9164418-9 1997 The elevated uracil concentrations produced by inhibition of DPD activity fell rapidly after cessation of sorivudine administration and also were temporally associated with elimination of BVU from the circulation. Uracil 13-19 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 61-64 8083224-3 1994 DPD could be expressed in significant quantities only when uracil was added to the bacterial growth medium. Uracil 59-65 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-3 7929074-1 1994 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPDase) catalyzed the debromination of 5-bromo-5,6-dihydrouracil (BrUH2) to uracil at pH 7.7 and 37 degrees C. The debrominating activity of DPDase was increased 5-fold by treatment with H2O2, whereas the dehydrogenating activity was inhibited by this treatment. Uracil 91-97 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 33-39 7929074-1 1994 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPDase) catalyzed the debromination of 5-bromo-5,6-dihydrouracil (BrUH2) to uracil at pH 7.7 and 37 degrees C. The debrominating activity of DPDase was increased 5-fold by treatment with H2O2, whereas the dehydrogenating activity was inhibited by this treatment. Uracil 91-97 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 174-180 1544906-1 1992 Uracil analogues with appropriate substituents at the 5-position inactivated dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DHPDHase). Uracil 0-6 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 77-108 1544906-1 1992 Uracil analogues with appropriate substituents at the 5-position inactivated dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DHPDHase). Uracil 0-6 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 110-118 32595208-4 2020 The extent to which defective allelic variants of DPYD predict DPD activity as estimated by the plasma concentrations of uracil [U] and its product dihydrouracil [UH2] was evaluated. Uracil 121-127 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 50-54 34951129-6 2022 Plasma concentrations of TAS-114 from 185 subjects and those of the endogenous DPD substrate uracil from 24 subjects were used. Uracil 93-99 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 79-82 34717904-1 2021 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) catalyzes the two-electron reduction of pyrimidine bases uracil and thymine as the first step in pyrimidine catabolism. Uracil 95-101 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-31 34717904-1 2021 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) catalyzes the two-electron reduction of pyrimidine bases uracil and thymine as the first step in pyrimidine catabolism. Uracil 95-101 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 33-36 34863048-5 2022 DPD is also responsible for the conversion of endogenous uracil (U) into dihydrouracil (DHU). Uracil 57-63 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-3 2528450-1 1989 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD; EC 1.3.1.2) catalyzes the rate-limiting reaction in the catabolism of endogenous uracil and thymine and exogenous fluoropyrimidines. Uracil 119-125 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-31 2528450-1 1989 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD; EC 1.3.1.2) catalyzes the rate-limiting reaction in the catabolism of endogenous uracil and thymine and exogenous fluoropyrimidines. Uracil 119-125 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 33-36 34032117-1 2021 The native function of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is to reduce the 5,6-vinylic bond of pyrimidines uracil and thymine with electrons obtained from NADPH. Uracil 110-116 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 23-54 34032117-1 2021 The native function of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is to reduce the 5,6-vinylic bond of pyrimidines uracil and thymine with electrons obtained from NADPH. Uracil 110-116 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 56-59 33895696-8 2021 By assessing uracil concentration in plasma, indirect phenotyping of DPD is then measured. Uracil 13-19 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 69-72 33755421-1 2021 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is a complex enzyme that reduces the 5,6-vinylic bond of pyrimidines, uracil, and thymine. Uracil 108-114 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-31 33755421-1 2021 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is a complex enzyme that reduces the 5,6-vinylic bond of pyrimidines, uracil, and thymine. Uracil 108-114 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 33-36 32649488-13 2020 DPD also metabolizes uracil (U) into 5,6-dihydrouracil (UH2). Uracil 21-27 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-3 32649488-13 2020 DPD also metabolizes uracil (U) into 5,6-dihydrouracil (UH2). Uracil 29-30 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-3 32899374-11 2020 Measuring the plasmatic 5-FU clearance and/or dihydrouracil/uracil (UH2/U) ratio could improve the predictive potential of DPYD-PGx. Uracil 53-59 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 123-127 34442436-2 2021 This study aimed to characterize the DPYD exon sequence, mRNA expression and in vivo DPD activity by plasma uracil concentration. Uracil 108-114 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 37-41 35397172-0 2022 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase phenotyping using pretreatment uracil: a note of caution based on a large prospective clinical study. Uracil 63-69 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-31 35397172-4 2022 While the evidence for genotype-directed dosing of fluoropyrimidines is substantial, the level of evidence supporting plasma uracil levels to predict DPD activity in clinical practice is limited. Uracil 125-131 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 150-153 33544210-6 2021 In this article, we describe the application of upfront DPD screening in Finnish patients, as a part of daily clinical practice, which was based on a comprehensive DPYD gene analysis, measurements of enzyme activity and plasma uracil concentrations. Uracil 227-233 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 56-59 33544210-8 2021 The DPD deficiency in these patients was further confirmed via analysis of the DPD activity and plasma uracil levels. Uracil 103-109 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 4-7 32516529-1 2020 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) catalyzes the initial step in the catabolism of the pyrimidines uracil and thymine. Uracil 102-108 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-31 32516529-1 2020 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) catalyzes the initial step in the catabolism of the pyrimidines uracil and thymine. Uracil 102-108 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 33-36 32088324-1 2020 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) catalyzes the reduction of uracil and thymine bases with electrons derived from NADPH. Uracil 65-71 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-31 32058656-2 2020 Monitoring physiological plasma uracil and/or plasma uracil-to-dihydrouracil metabolic ratio is a common surrogate frequently used to determine DPD phenotype without direct measurement of the enzymatic activity. Uracil 53-59 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 144-147 32088324-1 2020 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) catalyzes the reduction of uracil and thymine bases with electrons derived from NADPH. Uracil 65-71 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 33-36 31486738-6 2019 DPD phenotyping (i.e., uracil plasma levels >250 ng/ml, dihydrouracil/uracil ratio <0.5) confirmed that this patient was profoundly DPD deficient. Uracil 23-29 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-3 31486738-6 2019 DPD phenotyping (i.e., uracil plasma levels >250 ng/ml, dihydrouracil/uracil ratio <0.5) confirmed that this patient was profoundly DPD deficient. Uracil 66-72 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-3 29769267-2 2018 DPD catalyzes the reduction of uracil, thymine, and 5-FU. Uracil 31-37 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-3 30807536-1 2019 BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to develop and validate a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay for the measurement of uracil (U) and dihydrouracil (UH2) concentrations in dried saliva spots (DSSs), for the evaluation of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) enzyme activity. Uracil 151-157 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 253-284 30807536-1 2019 BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to develop and validate a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay for the measurement of uracil (U) and dihydrouracil (UH2) concentrations in dried saliva spots (DSSs), for the evaluation of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) enzyme activity. Uracil 151-157 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 286-289 29430582-1 2018 PURPOSE: The dihydrouracil (DHU):uracil (U) plasma ratio is a promising marker for identification of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD)-deficient patients. Uracil 20-26 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 101-132 29372689-2 2017 DPYD gene mutations interfere with the breakdown of uracil and thymine. Uracil 52-58 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-4 28501750-1 2017 The plasma 5,6-dihydrouracil/uracil (UH2/U) ratio is a possible phenotypic marker of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) activity, hence an index of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) response and toxicity. Uracil 22-28 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 85-116 28501750-1 2017 The plasma 5,6-dihydrouracil/uracil (UH2/U) ratio is a possible phenotypic marker of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) activity, hence an index of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) response and toxicity. Uracil 22-28 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 118-121