PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 24920531-11 2014 Similar to UNG, SMUG1 is an uracil glycosylase which can remove the uracil base. Uracil 28-34 uracil DNA glycosylase Mus musculus 11-14 28775312-0 2017 Uracil Accumulation and Mutagenesis Dominated by Cytosine Deamination in CpG Dinucleotides in Mice Lacking UNG and SMUG1. Uracil 0-6 uracil DNA glycosylase Mus musculus 107-110 28775312-1 2017 Both a DNA lesion and an intermediate for antibody maturation, uracil is primarily processed by base excision repair (BER), either initiated by uracil-DNA glycosylase (UNG) or by single-strand selective monofunctional uracil DNA glycosylase (SMUG1). Uracil 63-69 uracil DNA glycosylase Mus musculus 144-166 28775312-1 2017 Both a DNA lesion and an intermediate for antibody maturation, uracil is primarily processed by base excision repair (BER), either initiated by uracil-DNA glycosylase (UNG) or by single-strand selective monofunctional uracil DNA glycosylase (SMUG1). Uracil 63-69 uracil DNA glycosylase Mus musculus 168-171 28775312-6 2017 Smug1 -/- mice did not accumulate uracil in their genome and Ung -/- mice showed slightly elevated uracil levels. Uracil 99-105 uracil DNA glycosylase Mus musculus 61-64 28775312-7 2017 Contrastingly, Ung -/- Smug1 -/- mice showed a synergistic increase in uracil levels with up to 25-fold higher uracil levels than wild type. Uracil 71-77 uracil DNA glycosylase Mus musculus 15-18 28775312-7 2017 Contrastingly, Ung -/- Smug1 -/- mice showed a synergistic increase in uracil levels with up to 25-fold higher uracil levels than wild type. Uracil 111-117 uracil DNA glycosylase Mus musculus 15-18 28283534-4 2017 One model proposed that UNG could cooperate with MMR by excising a second uracil in the vicinity of the U:G mismatch, but it failed to explain the low impact of UNG inactivation on A-T mutagenesis. Uracil 74-80 uracil DNA glycosylase Mus musculus 24-27 28283534-5 2017 In this study, we show that uracils generated in the G1 phase in B cells can generate equal proportions of A-T and G-C mutations, which suggests that UNG and MMR can operate within the same time frame during SHM. Uracil 28-35 uracil DNA glycosylase Mus musculus 150-153 26385350-2 2016 Resulting uracil-guanine mismatches are processed by uracil DNA glycosylase (UNG)-mediated base-excision repair and MSH2-mediated mismatch repair (MMR) to yield mutations and DNA strand lesions. Uracil 10-16 uracil DNA glycosylase Mus musculus 53-75 26385350-2 2016 Resulting uracil-guanine mismatches are processed by uracil DNA glycosylase (UNG)-mediated base-excision repair and MSH2-mediated mismatch repair (MMR) to yield mutations and DNA strand lesions. Uracil 10-16 uracil DNA glycosylase Mus musculus 77-80 25572391-1 2015 Uracil in the genome can result from misincorporation of dUTP instead of dTTP during DNA synthesis, and is primarily removed by uracil DNA glycosylase (UNG) during base excision repair. Uracil 0-6 uracil DNA glycosylase Mus musculus 128-150 25572391-1 2015 Uracil in the genome can result from misincorporation of dUTP instead of dTTP during DNA synthesis, and is primarily removed by uracil DNA glycosylase (UNG) during base excision repair. Uracil 0-6 uracil DNA glycosylase Mus musculus 152-155 25572391-4 2015 In primary mouse hematopoietic cells, uracil was detectable at telomeres, and UNG deficiency further increased uracil loads and led to abnormal telomere lengthening. Uracil 111-117 uracil DNA glycosylase Mus musculus 78-81 25572391-6 2015 Thus, accumulation of uracil and/or UNG deficiency interferes with telomere maintenance, thereby underscoring the necessity of UNG-initiated base excision repair for the preservation of telomere integrity. Uracil 22-28 uracil DNA glycosylase Mus musculus 127-130 21354441-1 2011 We have generated an inducible transgenic mouse model, which expresses a mutated version of UNG1 (mutUNG1) that removes thymine, in addition to uracil from mitochondrial DNA. Uracil 144-150 uracil DNA glycosylase Mus musculus 92-96 24927551-2 2014 During accurate repair in nonmutating cells, uracil is excised by uracil DNA glycosylase (UNG), leaving abasic sites that are incised by AP endonuclease (APE) to create single-strand breaks, and the correct nucleotide is reinserted by DNA polymerase beta. Uracil 45-51 uracil DNA glycosylase Mus musculus 66-88 24927551-2 2014 During accurate repair in nonmutating cells, uracil is excised by uracil DNA glycosylase (UNG), leaving abasic sites that are incised by AP endonuclease (APE) to create single-strand breaks, and the correct nucleotide is reinserted by DNA polymerase beta. Uracil 45-51 uracil DNA glycosylase Mus musculus 90-93 22447450-4 2012 Inactivation of Smug1 when combined with inactivation of the Ung uracil-DNA glycosylase gene leads to a loss of nearly all detectable uracil excision activity. Uracil 65-71 uracil DNA glycosylase Mus musculus 61-64 11554311-9 2001 Thus, knockout mice deficient in Ung activity (Ung-/- mice) have only small increases in GC-->AT transition mutations, but Ung-/- cells are deficient in removal of misincorporated dUMP and accumulate approximately 2000 uracil residues per cell. Uracil 222-228 uracil DNA glycosylase Mus musculus 33-36 12934097-1 2003 Mice deficient in the Ung uracil-DNA glycosylase have an increased level of uracil in their genome, consistent with a major role of Ung counteracting U:A base pairs arising by misincorporation of dUMP during DNA replication. Uracil 26-32 uracil DNA glycosylase Mus musculus 22-25 12934097-1 2003 Mice deficient in the Ung uracil-DNA glycosylase have an increased level of uracil in their genome, consistent with a major role of Ung counteracting U:A base pairs arising by misincorporation of dUMP during DNA replication. Uracil 26-32 uracil DNA glycosylase Mus musculus 132-135 17681497-3 2007 Major evidence supports at least one mechanism whereby the uracil glycosylase Ung removes AID-generated uracils creating abasic sites which may be used either as uninformative templates for DNA synthesis, or processed to nicks and gaps that prime error-prone DNA synthesis. Uracil 104-111 uracil DNA glycosylase Mus musculus 78-81 15564287-3 2005 The results show that the levels of uracil in the DNA of Ung(-/-) cells strongly depend on proliferation, indicating that the uracil residues originate predominantly from misincorporation during replication. Uracil 36-42 uracil DNA glycosylase Mus musculus 57-60 15564287-3 2005 The results show that the levels of uracil in the DNA of Ung(-/-) cells strongly depend on proliferation, indicating that the uracil residues originate predominantly from misincorporation during replication. Uracil 126-132 uracil DNA glycosylase Mus musculus 57-60 15564287-4 2005 Treatment with 5-fluoro-2"-deoxyuridine (5-FdUrd) or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) gives rise to a dose-dependent increase of uracil in Ung(-/-) MEFs (up to 1.5-fold) but not in wild-type cells. Uracil 61-67 uracil DNA glycosylase Mus musculus 128-131 15564287-5 2005 Interestingly, Ung(-/-) MEFs accumulate AP-sites as well as uracil in response to 5-FdUrd but not to 5-FU. Uracil 60-66 uracil DNA glycosylase Mus musculus 15-18 15564287-7 2005 However, other cytotoxic effects of these fluoropyrimidines are comparable in both wild-type and Ung-deficient cells, demonstrating that excision of uracil from DNA by the Ung uracil-DNA glycosylase is not a prerequisite for obtaining cytotoxicity. Uracil 149-155 uracil DNA glycosylase Mus musculus 97-100 15564287-7 2005 However, other cytotoxic effects of these fluoropyrimidines are comparable in both wild-type and Ung-deficient cells, demonstrating that excision of uracil from DNA by the Ung uracil-DNA glycosylase is not a prerequisite for obtaining cytotoxicity. Uracil 149-155 uracil DNA glycosylase Mus musculus 172-175 15297456-7 2004 Whereas UNG expression is significantly higher in proliferating as compared with nonproliferating cells, such as neurons, the levels of UNG mRNA were increased in brains of cystathionine beta-synthase knockout mice, a model for hyperhomocysteinemia, suggesting that one-carbon metabolism impairment and uracil misincorporation can induce the up-regulation of UNG expression. Uracil 303-309 uracil DNA glycosylase Mus musculus 136-139 15297456-7 2004 Whereas UNG expression is significantly higher in proliferating as compared with nonproliferating cells, such as neurons, the levels of UNG mRNA were increased in brains of cystathionine beta-synthase knockout mice, a model for hyperhomocysteinemia, suggesting that one-carbon metabolism impairment and uracil misincorporation can induce the up-regulation of UNG expression. Uracil 303-309 uracil DNA glycosylase Mus musculus 136-139 15199406-1 2004 Uracil-DNA glycosylase (UNG) is involved in base excision repair of aberrant uracil residues in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Uracil 77-83 uracil DNA glycosylase Mus musculus 0-22 15199406-1 2004 Uracil-DNA glycosylase (UNG) is involved in base excision repair of aberrant uracil residues in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Uracil 77-83 uracil DNA glycosylase Mus musculus 24-27 12820976-3 2003 In bacteria, uracil is excised by uracil-DNA glycosylases (UDG) related to E. coli UNG, and UNG homologs are found in mammals and viruses. Uracil 13-19 uracil DNA glycosylase Mus musculus 59-62 12820976-3 2003 In bacteria, uracil is excised by uracil-DNA glycosylases (UDG) related to E. coli UNG, and UNG homologs are found in mammals and viruses. Uracil 13-19 uracil DNA glycosylase Mus musculus 83-86 12820976-3 2003 In bacteria, uracil is excised by uracil-DNA glycosylases (UDG) related to E. coli UNG, and UNG homologs are found in mammals and viruses. Uracil 13-19 uracil DNA glycosylase Mus musculus 92-95 12820976-4 2003 Ung knockout mice display no increase in mutation frequency due to a second UDG activity, SMUG1, which is specialized for antimutational uracil excision in mammalian cells. Uracil 137-143 uracil DNA glycosylase Mus musculus 0-3 12820976-4 2003 Ung knockout mice display no increase in mutation frequency due to a second UDG activity, SMUG1, which is specialized for antimutational uracil excision in mammalian cells. Uracil 137-143 uracil DNA glycosylase Mus musculus 76-79 10912000-3 2000 However, there is only slow removal of uracil from misincorporated dUMP in isolated ung-/- nuclei and an elevated steady-state level of uracil in DNA in dividing ung-/- cells. Uracil 39-45 uracil DNA glycosylase Mus musculus 84-87 10912000-3 2000 However, there is only slow removal of uracil from misincorporated dUMP in isolated ung-/- nuclei and an elevated steady-state level of uracil in DNA in dividing ung-/- cells. Uracil 136-142 uracil DNA glycosylase Mus musculus 162-165 10912000-4 2000 A backup uracil-excising activity in tissue extracts from ung null mice, with properties indistinguishable from the mammalian SMUG1 DNA glycosylase, may account for the repair of premutagenic U:G mispairs resulting from cytosine deamination in vivo. Uracil 9-15 uracil DNA glycosylase Mus musculus 58-61 34468176-4 2021 Whether UNG removes uracils found in retroviral DNA after APOBEC3-mediated mutation is not clear, and whether this occurs in vivo has not been demonstrated. Uracil 20-27 uracil DNA glycosylase Mus musculus 8-11 34468176-8 2021 Deep sequencing of the proviruses showed that there were significantly higher levels of G-to-A mutations in proviral DNA from A3G transgenic UNG-/-APO-/- than A3G transgenic APO-/- mice, suggesting that UNG plays a role in the repair of uracil-containing proviruses. Uracil 237-243 uracil DNA glycosylase Mus musculus 203-206 34468176-11 2021 Thus, UNG also functions in the nucleus prior to integration by nicking uracil-containing viral DNA, thereby blocking integration. Uracil 72-78 uracil DNA glycosylase Mus musculus 6-9 9168124-1 1997 Uracil-DNA glycosylase (UDG) is the enzyme responsible for the first step in the base-excision repair pathway that specifically removes uracil from DNA. Uracil 136-142 uracil DNA glycosylase Mus musculus 0-22 9168124-1 1997 Uracil-DNA glycosylase (UDG) is the enzyme responsible for the first step in the base-excision repair pathway that specifically removes uracil from DNA. Uracil 136-142 uracil DNA glycosylase Mus musculus 24-27 397940-4 1979 light (254nm) irradiation of the cells with BUdR-substituted DNA produced not only single-strand breaks but also "internal" uracil residues that were recognized as substrate sites by uracil-DNA glycosylase. Uracil 124-130 uracil DNA glycosylase Mus musculus 183-205