PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 10938281-1 2000 Human thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) was discovered as an enzyme that can initiate base excision repair at sites of 5-methylcytosine- or cytosine deamination in DNA by its ability to release thymine or uracil from G.T and G.U mismatches. Thymine 6-13 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 31-34 12711670-1 2003 Human thymine-DNA glycosylase (TDG) is well known to excise thymine and uracil from G.T and G.U mismatches, respectively, and was therefore proposed to play a central role in the cellular defense against genetic mutation through spontaneous deamination of 5-methylcytosine and cytosine. Thymine 6-13 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 31-34 12119040-3 2002 The parental (A1235) extract, when supplemented with ATP and human thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG), acted proficiently on all three substrates, incising immediately 5" to the mismatched thymine or uracil residue. Thymine 67-74 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 92-95 11864601-2 2002 Thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) initiates repair of G/T and G/U mismatches, commonly associated with CpG islands, by removing thymine and uracil moieties. Thymine 124-131 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 0-23 11864601-2 2002 Thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) initiates repair of G/T and G/U mismatches, commonly associated with CpG islands, by removing thymine and uracil moieties. Thymine 124-131 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 25-28 12954776-1 2003 The repair enzymes thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) and methyl-CpG-binding protein 4 (MBD4) remove thymines from T:G mismatches resulting from deamination of 5-methylcytosine. Thymine 96-104 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 19-42 12954776-1 2003 The repair enzymes thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) and methyl-CpG-binding protein 4 (MBD4) remove thymines from T:G mismatches resulting from deamination of 5-methylcytosine. Thymine 96-104 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 44-47 12493755-18 2003 However, these results showing that thymine-DNA glycosylase has a strong sequence preference for CpG sites in the excision of both thymine and ethenocytosine suggest that the main role of thymine-DNA glycosylase in vivo is the removal of thymine produced by deamination of 5-methylcytosine at CpG sites. Thymine 36-43 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 188-211 12493755-18 2003 However, these results showing that thymine-DNA glycosylase has a strong sequence preference for CpG sites in the excision of both thymine and ethenocytosine suggest that the main role of thymine-DNA glycosylase in vivo is the removal of thymine produced by deamination of 5-methylcytosine at CpG sites. Thymine 131-138 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 36-59 12493755-18 2003 However, these results showing that thymine-DNA glycosylase has a strong sequence preference for CpG sites in the excision of both thymine and ethenocytosine suggest that the main role of thymine-DNA glycosylase in vivo is the removal of thymine produced by deamination of 5-methylcytosine at CpG sites. Thymine 131-138 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 188-211 11506820-2 2001 The enzymatic activity responsible for the repair of the epsilon C residues in human cells is the hTDG protein, the human thymine-DNA-glycosylase that removes thymine in a T/G base pair [Proc. Thymine 122-129 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 98-102 11554300-6 2001 Human TDG was discovered as an enzyme that has the potential to specifically remove thymine and uracil bases mispaired with guanine through hydrolysis of their N-glycosidic bond, thereby generating abasic sites in DNA and initiating a base excision repair reaction. Thymine 84-91 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 6-9 34641273-3 2021 Among the substrates reported for TDG are mispaired uracil and thymine but also formyl-cytosine and carboxyl-cytosine. Thymine 63-70 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 34-37 10767625-2 2000 Thymine produced at these sites by the hydrolytic deamination of 5-methylcytosine is removed by thymine-DNA glycosylase. Thymine 0-7 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 96-119 9685338-2 1998 Each molecule of thymine DNA glycosylase removes only one molecule of thymine from DNA containing a G.T mismatch because it binds tightly to the apurinic DNA site left after removal of thymine. Thymine 70-77 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 17-40 9685338-5 1998 Thymine DNA glycosylase can also remove thymine from mismatches with S6-methylthioguanine, but, unlike G.T mismatches, a 5"-C.G does not have a striking effect on the rate: kcat values for removal of thymine from SMeG.T with C.G, T. A, G.C, and A.T as the 5"-base pair were 0.026, 0.018, 0.0017, and 0. Thymine 40-47 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 0-23 9144158-2 1997 In humans this lesion is repaired by a mismatch-specific thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG or G/T glycosylase), which catalyzes specific excision of the thymine base through N-glycosidic bond hydrolysis. Thymine 57-64 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 82-85 9867812-1 1999 In vitro, following the removal of thymine from a G.T mismatch, thymine DNA glycosylase binds tightly to the apurinic site it has formed. Thymine 35-42 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 64-87 9685338-5 1998 Thymine DNA glycosylase can also remove thymine from mismatches with S6-methylthioguanine, but, unlike G.T mismatches, a 5"-C.G does not have a striking effect on the rate: kcat values for removal of thymine from SMeG.T with C.G, T. A, G.C, and A.T as the 5"-base pair were 0.026, 0.018, 0.0017, and 0. Thymine 200-207 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 0-23 33561435-6 2021 Remarkably, TDG excision of fC and caC is only modestly dependent on CG context, contrasting its strong context dependence for thymine excision. Thymine 127-134 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 12-15 30841696-5 2019 Countering this threat are three types of glycosylases that excise thymine from G T mispairs, including thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG). Thymine 67-74 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 104-127 31639437-2 2020 Here we present our analysis of moonlighting in the case of selected DNA repair proteins which include G:T mismatch-specific thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG), methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 4 (MBD4), apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1), AlkB homologs, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) and single-strand selective monofunctional uracil DNA glycosylase 1 (SMUG1). Thymine 125-132 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 150-153 31239841-2 2019 Thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) is one of the most well characterized BER genes that catalyzes the removal of thymine moieties from G/T mismatches and is also involved in many cellular functions, such as the regulation of gene expression, transcriptional coactivation, and the control of epigenetic DNA modification. Thymine 108-115 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 0-23 31239841-2 2019 Thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) is one of the most well characterized BER genes that catalyzes the removal of thymine moieties from G/T mismatches and is also involved in many cellular functions, such as the regulation of gene expression, transcriptional coactivation, and the control of epigenetic DNA modification. Thymine 108-115 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 25-28 30841696-5 2019 Countering this threat are three types of glycosylases that excise thymine from G T mispairs, including thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG). Thymine 67-74 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 129-132 30841696-7 2019 TDG preferentially removes thymine from DNA contexts in which cytosine methylation is prevalent, including CG and one non-CG site. Thymine 27-34 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 0-3 30841696-12 2019 A linear free energy correlation reveals that TDG attains context specificity for thymine excision through modulation of nucleotide flipping. Thymine 82-89 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 46-49 27890638-7 2017 Importantly, in DNA repair deficient cells bacterial MutY, human TDG and mammalian MMR can act in the aberrant manner: MutY and TDG removes adenine and thymine opposite misincorporated 8-oxoguanine and damaged adenine, respectively, whereas MMR removes thymine opposite to O6-methylguanine. Thymine 152-159 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 65-68 29660017-1 2018 Thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) excises thymine from mutagenic G T mispairs generated by deamination of 5-methylcytosine (mC) and it removes two mC derivatives, 5-formylcytosine (fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (caC), in a multistep pathway for DNA demethylation. Thymine 38-45 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 0-23 29660017-1 2018 Thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) excises thymine from mutagenic G T mispairs generated by deamination of 5-methylcytosine (mC) and it removes two mC derivatives, 5-formylcytosine (fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (caC), in a multistep pathway for DNA demethylation. Thymine 38-45 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 25-28 29253232-6 2018 Notably, after replacing the TDG residue Gly142 with tyrosine, the thymine release is delayed compared to the wild-type (wt) TDG, as supported by our potential of mean force (PMF) calculations. Thymine 67-74 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 29-32 27890638-6 2017 Mismatch-specific adenine- and thymine-DNA glycosylases (MutY/MUTYH and TDG/MBD4, respectively) initiated BER and mismatch repair (MMR) pathways can recognize and remove normal DNA bases in mismatched DNA duplexes. Thymine 31-38 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 72-75 27890638-7 2017 Importantly, in DNA repair deficient cells bacterial MutY, human TDG and mammalian MMR can act in the aberrant manner: MutY and TDG removes adenine and thymine opposite misincorporated 8-oxoguanine and damaged adenine, respectively, whereas MMR removes thymine opposite to O6-methylguanine. Thymine 152-159 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 128-131 27890638-7 2017 Importantly, in DNA repair deficient cells bacterial MutY, human TDG and mammalian MMR can act in the aberrant manner: MutY and TDG removes adenine and thymine opposite misincorporated 8-oxoguanine and damaged adenine, respectively, whereas MMR removes thymine opposite to O6-methylguanine. Thymine 253-260 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 65-68 27890638-7 2017 Importantly, in DNA repair deficient cells bacterial MutY, human TDG and mammalian MMR can act in the aberrant manner: MutY and TDG removes adenine and thymine opposite misincorporated 8-oxoguanine and damaged adenine, respectively, whereas MMR removes thymine opposite to O6-methylguanine. Thymine 253-260 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 128-131 29098062-4 2017 We found that both the SMUG1 protein and the TDG protein exhibit DNA glycosylase activity against thymine mispaired with 8BrG and that the MUTYH protein exhibits DNA glycosylase activity against adenine mispaired with 8BrG. Thymine 98-105 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 45-48 25375110-2 2014 TDG preferentially catalyzes the removal of thymine and uracil paired with guanine, and is also active on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) paired with adenine or guanine. Thymine 44-51 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 0-3 25151120-0 2014 Human DNA glycosylase enzyme TDG repairs thymine mispaired with exocyclic etheno-DNA adducts. Thymine 41-48 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 29-32 24692658-8 2014 These findings demonstrate that under experimental conditions used TDG catalyzes sequence context-dependent aberrant removal of thymine, which results in TpG, CpA CpG mutations, thus providing a plausible mechanism for the putative evolutionary origin of the CGIs in mammalian genomes. Thymine 128-135 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 67-70 27493500-2 2014 Both MBD4 and TDG excise the mismatch base from G:X, where X is uracil, thymine, and 5-hydroxymethyluracil (5hmU). Thymine 72-79 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 14-17 23952905-2 2013 TDG is the predominant enzyme that removes thymine from T/G mispair, which arises due to deamination of 5-methyl-cytosine at the CpG dinucleotide, thereby preventing C to T mutations. Thymine 43-50 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 0-3 22809372-3 2012 These results paralleled previously reported nucleobase excision activities of human thymine DNA glycosylase (hTDG) toward duplex DNA substrates harboring a thymine and 5-substituted cytosine derivatives when paired with a guanine. Thymine 85-92 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 110-114 23165212-1 2012 Thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) belongs to the superfamily of uracil DNA glycosylases (UDG) and is the first enzyme in the base-excision repair pathway (BER) that removes thymine from G:T mismatches at CpG sites. Thymine 169-176 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 0-23 23165212-1 2012 Thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) belongs to the superfamily of uracil DNA glycosylases (UDG) and is the first enzyme in the base-excision repair pathway (BER) that removes thymine from G:T mismatches at CpG sites. Thymine 169-176 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 25-28 22962365-2 2012 TDG excises the mismatched base from G:X mismatches, where X is uracil, thymine or 5-hydroxymethyluracil (5hmU). Thymine 72-79 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 0-3 23337108-1 2013 The mammalian thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) excises the mismatched base, uracil, thymine or 5-hydroxymethyluracil (5hmU), as well as removes 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) when paired with a guanine. Thymine 14-21 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 39-42 23195996-3 2013 Methyl-CpG Domain Protein 4 (MBD4) and Thymine DNA Glycosylase (TDG) are the two major G:T glycosylases that remove thymine generated by the deamination of 5-methylcytosine. Thymine 116-123 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 39-62 23195996-3 2013 Methyl-CpG Domain Protein 4 (MBD4) and Thymine DNA Glycosylase (TDG) are the two major G:T glycosylases that remove thymine generated by the deamination of 5-methylcytosine. Thymine 116-123 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 64-67 22573813-2 2012 A key player is thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG), which excises thymine from mutagenic G T mispairs that arise by deamination of 5-methylcytosine (mC). Thymine 16-23 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 41-44 22706113-4 2012 A plausible scenario for engagement of TDG glycosylase (or some other G-T glycosylase) is through prior deamination of 5-mC to thymine, which generates a G: T substrate for the enzyme. Thymine 127-134 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 39-42 21097883-2 2011 Thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) removes thymine from these G T lesions, and follow-on base excision repair yields a G C pair. Thymine 38-45 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 0-23 21722948-6 2011 These findings highlight a dual role for TDG in promoting proper epigenetic states during development and suggest a two-step mechanism for DNA demethylation in mammals, whereby 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine are first deaminated by AID to thymine and 5-hydroxymethyluracil, respectively, followed by TDG-mediated thymine and 5-hydroxymethyluracil excision repair. Thymine 253-260 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 41-44 21722948-6 2011 These findings highlight a dual role for TDG in promoting proper epigenetic states during development and suggest a two-step mechanism for DNA demethylation in mammals, whereby 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine are first deaminated by AID to thymine and 5-hydroxymethyluracil, respectively, followed by TDG-mediated thymine and 5-hydroxymethyluracil excision repair. Thymine 327-334 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 41-44 21474392-2 2011 Thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) is one of two mammalian enzymes that can specifically remove thymine from G T mispairs. Thymine 91-98 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 0-23 21474392-2 2011 Thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) is one of two mammalian enzymes that can specifically remove thymine from G T mispairs. Thymine 91-98 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 25-28 21097883-2 2011 Thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) removes thymine from these G T lesions, and follow-on base excision repair yields a G C pair. Thymine 38-45 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 25-28 19966277-2 2010 Thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) plays an integral role in CpG maintenance by excising mispaired thymine and uracil in a CpG context and also participates in transcriptional regulation via gene-specific CpG demethylation and functional interactions with the transcription machinery. Thymine 94-101 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 0-23 19966277-2 2010 Thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) plays an integral role in CpG maintenance by excising mispaired thymine and uracil in a CpG context and also participates in transcriptional regulation via gene-specific CpG demethylation and functional interactions with the transcription machinery. Thymine 94-101 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 25-28 19880517-1 2009 Thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) promotes genomic integrity by excising thymine from mutagenic G.T mismatches arising by deamination of 5-methylcytosine, and follow-on base excision repair enzymes restore a G.C pair. Thymine 69-76 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 0-23 19880517-1 2009 Thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) promotes genomic integrity by excising thymine from mutagenic G.T mismatches arising by deamination of 5-methylcytosine, and follow-on base excision repair enzymes restore a G.C pair. Thymine 69-76 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 25-28 16984202-3 2006 Human thymine DNA glycosylase (hTDG) cleaves thymine from mutagenic G.T mispairs, recognizes many additional lesions, and has a strong preference for nucleobases paired with guanine rather than adenine. Thymine 6-13 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 31-35 17602166-2 2007 Thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) excises thymine from G.T mispairs and removes a variety of damaged bases (X) with a preference for lesions in a CpG.X context. Thymine 38-45 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 0-23 17602166-2 2007 Thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) excises thymine from G.T mispairs and removes a variety of damaged bases (X) with a preference for lesions in a CpG.X context. Thymine 38-45 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 25-28 17116428-1 2007 When it was first isolated from extracts of HeLa cells in Josef Jiricny"s laboratory, the thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) attracted attention because of its ability to remove thymine, i.e. a normal DNA base, from G.T mispairs. Thymine 90-97 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 115-118 18452947-6 2008 G/T mismatch-specific thymine-DNA glycosylase (Tdg) and methyl-CpG binding domain protein 4 can both excise uracil or thymine at U.G and T.G mismatches to initiate base excision repair. Thymine 22-29 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 47-50