PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 27432286-4 2016 OBJECTIVE: To determine the stability of insulin at 16 units/mL in 0.9% saline solution. Sodium Chloride 72-78 insulin Homo sapiens 41-48 29845043-10 2018 Results: A significant difference in the number of new vessels was observed on the insulin-treated site (70.6 [29.21]) compared to saline only (26.5 [34.3]; P < .04). Sodium Chloride 131-137 insulin Homo sapiens 83-90 23781325-9 2013 Serum RBP4 concentrations decreased in response to insulin infusion during the saline experiment (mg/l): 43.2+-4.3 (baseline) vs 40.4+-4.2 (clamp), P<0.001, but this effect was abrogated during ghrelin infusion (mg/l): 42.4+-4.5 (baseline) vs 42.9+-4.7 (clamp), P=0.73. Sodium Chloride 79-85 insulin Homo sapiens 51-58 27489336-3 2016 Insulin secretion was measured with a two-step (+100 and +200 mg/dL) hyperglycemic clamp with exenatide and with saline infusion. Sodium Chloride 113-119 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 27487534-4 2016 Genetic predisposition, lifestyle, improper nutrition, including excessive use of sodium chloride, lead to excessive formation of visceral adipose tissue with development of abdominal obesity, which is a likely criterion of insulin resistance. Sodium Chloride 82-97 insulin Homo sapiens 224-231 24374803-10 2014 RESULTS: Intraoperative and postoperative insulin resistance or calculated insulin sensitivity were worse in the physiological saline and 18AA-II treated patients compared with those treated with glutamine (P < 0.05). Sodium Chloride 127-133 insulin Homo sapiens 42-49 24730439-3 2014 Using 0.6 M sodium chloride, the insulin nanoaggregates of 300-400 nm size were obtained about a yield of 94%. Sodium Chloride 12-27 insulin Homo sapiens 33-40 24143117-1 2013 BACKGROUND: Regular human insulin 100 units added to a sufficient quantity of 0.9% sodium chloride, to yield a total volume of 100 mL within a polyvinylchloride bag, is accepted to be stable for 24 hours due to physical denaturation and chemical modification. Sodium Chloride 83-98 insulin Homo sapiens 26-33 23290933-5 2013 In non-stressed chicks, insulin (non-hypoglycemic dose) at 2.50 IU/kg of body weight incremented the Bmax by 40.53% in the HL chicks compared to saline group whereas no significant differences were observed between individuals in the LL subpopulation. Sodium Chloride 145-151 insulin Homo sapiens 24-31 23339768-2 2013 Formation of ternary insoluble stoichiometric Insulin-PMAP-DS complexes was detected under conditions imitating the human gastric environment (pH 2, 0.15 M NaCl). Sodium Chloride 156-160 insulin Homo sapiens 46-53 25885830-16 2013 To achieve normoglycemia by intravenous bolus dose of human regular insulin, significantly higher doses are required in patients receiving dextrose containing saline as maintenance fluid. Sodium Chloride 159-165 insulin Homo sapiens 68-75 22851577-8 2012 Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was higher in the prior exercised leg in the saline and the lipid trials. Sodium Chloride 79-85 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 22851577-9 2012 In the lipid trial, prior exercise normalized insulin-stimulated glucose uptake to the level observed in the resting control leg in the saline trial. Sodium Chloride 136-142 insulin Homo sapiens 46-53 22745239-13 2012 During the frequently sampled iv glucose tolerance test, GH secretion was positively correlated with insulin sensitivity index with saline infusion. Sodium Chloride 132-138 insulin Homo sapiens 101-108 22977275-7 2012 Insulin levels during saline and insulin infusion were 18 +- 3 and 44 +- 5 muU/ml, respectively. Sodium Chloride 22-28 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 22379116-9 2012 The overall insulin AUC was not significantly modified by UAG infusion; however, insulin AUC observed after meals was significantly increased under the exposure to UAG with respect to saline at either dinner or breakfast. Sodium Chloride 184-190 insulin Homo sapiens 81-88 22610603-5 2012 By adding water (1.00 +- 0.01) g into the vial containing the CRM, the C-peptide solution in 10 mM phosphate buffer saline (pH 6.6) is reconstituted. Sodium Chloride 116-122 insulin Homo sapiens 71-80 22319034-5 2012 The subjects compensated for the change in insulin resistance by significantly increasing their postintervention insulin responses during saline infusion by 2.9 +- 0.5-fold (P = 0.001) but were unable to do so in response to incretin hormones (which caused insignificant increases of only 1.78 +- 0.3 and 1.38 +- 0.3-fold, P value not significant). Sodium Chloride 138-144 insulin Homo sapiens 43-50 22319034-5 2012 The subjects compensated for the change in insulin resistance by significantly increasing their postintervention insulin responses during saline infusion by 2.9 +- 0.5-fold (P = 0.001) but were unable to do so in response to incretin hormones (which caused insignificant increases of only 1.78 +- 0.3 and 1.38 +- 0.3-fold, P value not significant). Sodium Chloride 138-144 insulin Homo sapiens 113-120 22275085-4 2012 The insulin secretory response was assessed by the administration of dextrose for 80 min following a 4-h clamp with either saline infusion (sham) or an isoglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp using B28-Asp-insulin (which can be distinguished immunologically from endogenous insulin) that raised insulin concentrations to high physiologic concentrations. Sodium Chloride 123-129 insulin Homo sapiens 4-11 20956497-4 2011 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Insulin sensitivity of whole-body and leg glucose disposal was studied in 16 young well-matched healthy men and women infused with intralipid or saline for 7 h. Muscle biopsies were obtained before and during a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (1.42 mU kg-1 min-1). Sodium Chloride 174-180 insulin Homo sapiens 29-36 21570949-4 2011 The laser-on insulin in the presence of 0.1M NaCl exhibited fewer fibrils than the laser-off insulin, whereas no insulin fibril under laser irradiation was observed in the absence of 0.1M NaCl for 45 h incubation. Sodium Chloride 45-49 insulin Homo sapiens 13-20 21106690-8 2011 Insulin-treated mice show significant avoidance of NaCl at lower concentrations than the control group. Sodium Chloride 51-55 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 21106690-9 2011 Interestingly, these differences between groups were abolished when amiloride (100 muM) was added into NaCl solutions, suggesting that insulin was regulating ENaC. Sodium Chloride 103-107 insulin Homo sapiens 135-142 21956413-7 2011 INTERVENTIONS: Glucose-induced insulin response was assessed on three occasions after 4 h saline (low insulin/sham) or isoglycemic-hyperinsulinemic (high insulin) clamps with or without intralipid and heparin infusion, using B28 Asp-insulin that could be distinguished from endogenous insulin immunologically. Sodium Chloride 90-96 insulin Homo sapiens 31-38 19623043-11 2009 In the saline-infused group, lipopolysaccharide administration caused a transient reduction in blood glucose and in circulating insulin. Sodium Chloride 7-13 insulin Homo sapiens 128-135 20587399-9 2010 On ECG, we noticed typical signs of hyperkalaemia.The patient was treated with a slow intravenous bolus of calcium gluconate and intravenous infusion of sodium chloride with insulin, glucose with insulin and sodium bicarbonte. Sodium Chloride 153-168 insulin Homo sapiens 174-181 20200310-4 2010 Blood samples were obtained at 0, 2, 4, and 6 h. RESULTS: Insulin infusion significantly suppressed the plasma concentrations of MCP-1, eotaxin, and RANTES and the expression of RANTES, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1beta, CCR-2, and CCR-5 in MNCs at 2 and 4 h. Dextrose and saline infusions did not alter these indexes. Sodium Chloride 283-289 insulin Homo sapiens 58-65 20022987-9 2010 Insulin and C-peptide concentrations declined over time during the saline infusion, but these declines were prevented by the BCAA infusion. Sodium Chloride 67-73 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 22132167-0 2011 The mechanism of enhanced insulin amyloid fibril formation by NaCl is better explained by a conformational change model. Sodium Chloride 62-66 insulin Homo sapiens 26-33 18252807-3 2008 In HepG2 cells, oltipraz treatment inhibited insulin receptor substrate (IRS) 1 serine phosphorylation, a marker of insulin resistance, induced by sorbitol-, mannitol-, or sodium chloride-induced hyperosmotic stress. Sodium Chloride 172-187 insulin Homo sapiens 45-52 18768766-3 2008 In vivo insulin action was assessed in muscles of mice 15 min following an intraperitoneal injection of insulin or an equivalent volume of saline. Sodium Chloride 139-145 insulin Homo sapiens 8-15 18089694-6 2008 Calpain-10 mRNA (P=0.01) but not protein content was reduced after 6-h insulin infusion in both the saline and Intralipid emulsion trials. Sodium Chloride 100-106 insulin Homo sapiens 71-78 17379002-9 2007 Insulin infusion was accompanied by a reduction in ADMA (0.78 to 0.68 micromol/L, P<.01), which was significantly different (P=.001) from the increase seen in the saline control group (0.69 to 0.79 micromol/L, P<.05). Sodium Chloride 166-172 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 18166818-10 2008 However, whole-body insulin sensitivity as well as non-oxidative glucose disposal was higher in obese females compared with obese males both during lipid and saline infusion (P<0.001 and P=0.01 respectively). Sodium Chloride 158-164 insulin Homo sapiens 20-27 18166818-13 2008 However, obese females are more insulin sensitive compared with obese males (both during saline and lipid infusion), which is not due to differences in the concentration of the muscle lipid intermediates such as ceramide and DAG. Sodium Chloride 89-95 insulin Homo sapiens 32-39 17711984-3 2007 That dose of insulin raised plasma insulin concentrations approximately threefold, suppressed glucose production, and drove plasma glucose concentrations down to subphysiological levels (65 +/- 3 mg/dl, P < 0.0001 vs. saline), resulting in nearly complete suppression of insulin secretion (P < 0.0001) and stimulation of glucagon (P = 0.0059) and epinephrine (P = 0.0009) secretion. Sodium Chloride 221-227 insulin Homo sapiens 13-20 17107927-9 2007 The encapsulated insulin was quickly released in a phosphate buffer saline (pH 7.4), whereas a small amount of insulin was released under acidic condition (0.1N HCl; pH 2.0) because under acidic conditions, carboxylic groups present in the system exist in nonionized form and are poorly hydrophilic. Sodium Chloride 68-74 insulin Homo sapiens 17-24 16464907-6 2006 Insulin sensitivity was assessed by measurement of whole body glucose uptake with the stable isotope tracer method during a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp (20 mU.min(-1).kg(-1)), which was initiated 1 h after the IL-6-TNF-saline infusion. Sodium Chloride 225-231 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 16814967-1 2006 To develop a new polypeptide delivery system, insulin nano-aggregates with sizes of 100-230nm were prepared by the salting out method with NaCl and encapsulated via the layer-by-layer (LbL) adsorption to provide the insulin nanoparticles shelled with two oppositely charged polyelectrolytes. Sodium Chloride 139-143 insulin Homo sapiens 46-53 16814967-3 2006 In the preparation of the insulin nano-aggregates, the NaCl concentration and pH in the medium obviously affected yield and particle size of the insulin nano-aggregates. Sodium Chloride 55-59 insulin Homo sapiens 26-33 16814967-3 2006 In the preparation of the insulin nano-aggregates, the NaCl concentration and pH in the medium obviously affected yield and particle size of the insulin nano-aggregates. Sodium Chloride 55-59 insulin Homo sapiens 145-152 17037974-4 2006 METHODS: One hundred units of regular human insulin was dissolved into 100 mL of 0.9% NaCl. Sodium Chloride 86-90 insulin Homo sapiens 44-51 15919784-5 2005 Basal plasma FFA concentration ( approximately 440 micromol/l) was increased to 695, 1,251, and 1,688 micromol/l after 4 h of Liposyn infusion and resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in insulin-stimulated glucose disposal (R(d)) by 22, 30, and 34%, respectively (all P < 0.05 vs. saline control). Sodium Chloride 286-292 insulin Homo sapiens 189-196 15993431-1 2005 In order to explore the mechanisms directly involved in the insulin vasodilatory activity, we studied skin blood flowmotion by means of spectral analysis of the skin forearm laser Doppler (LD) signal registered before and after iontophoresis of insulin in saline (I.S.) Sodium Chloride 256-262 insulin Homo sapiens 245-252 16394086-10 2006 Significant decreases in homeostasis model assessment indicated a decrease in insulin sensitivity (saline, 0.52 + 0.13; glucose, 0.34 + 0.12; P < 0.0001). Sodium Chloride 99-105 insulin Homo sapiens 78-85 16195989-8 2005 However the maximal cutaneous blood flow response to insulin was higher in athletes than in sedentary subjects (24.69 +/- 13.34 A. U. versus 14.33 +/- 7.73 A. U., respectively, p < 0.05) as well as the curve of the net blood flux response to insulin iontophoresis (% change from baseline in response to insulin minus % change from baseline in response to saline iontophoresis) (p < 0.001 ANOVA for repeated measures). Sodium Chloride 358-364 insulin Homo sapiens 53-60 15339744-10 2005 Despite skeletal muscle insulin resistance, insulin still induced a similar approximately 3-fold rise in IRS-1-associated PI 3-kinase activity (269 +/- 105 and 311 +/- 71% compared with baseline, GH vs. saline). Sodium Chloride 203-209 insulin Homo sapiens 44-51 15339744-11 2005 GH infusion did not change Akt protein expression, and insulin caused an approximately 13-fold increase in Akt activity (1,309 +/- 327 and 1,287 +/- 173%) after both GH and saline infusion. Sodium Chloride 173-179 insulin Homo sapiens 55-62 12364473-7 2002 In control (saline-treated) rats, the basal levels of human C-peptide did not change significantly after glucose stimulation. Sodium Chloride 12-18 insulin Homo sapiens 60-69 15568292-2 2004 METHODS: Total insulin in a saline and in a total nutrient admixture was measured using the RIA method. Sodium Chloride 28-34 insulin Homo sapiens 15-22 15568292-6 2004 RESULTS: The average values of insulin concentration in saline at given time intervals were 21.5 +/- 11.3 mIU/L (5.4% of the theoretically calculated concentration). Sodium Chloride 56-62 insulin Homo sapiens 31-38 15568292-8 2004 Changes in insulin concentration in time were found only in the saline (ANOVA time effect p < .001 for saline; p = .26 for total nutrient admixture). Sodium Chloride 64-70 insulin Homo sapiens 11-18 15568292-8 2004 Changes in insulin concentration in time were found only in the saline (ANOVA time effect p < .001 for saline; p = .26 for total nutrient admixture). Sodium Chloride 106-112 insulin Homo sapiens 11-18 15568292-9 2004 CONCLUSIONS: The availability of insulin was significantly higher in the total nutrient admixture solution than in the saline in the 3.5-hour experiment. Sodium Chloride 119-125 insulin Homo sapiens 33-40 15568292-10 2004 The dependence of insulin concentration on time is present only in saline, and the main changes in insulin bioavailability are within first 60 minutes. Sodium Chloride 67-73 insulin Homo sapiens 18-25 15359587-6 2004 Self-association of acylated insulin analogs with same albumin affinity in saline correlated with disappearance rate and addition of albumin to saline showed a combination of insulin detemir self association and albumin binding. Sodium Chloride 75-81 insulin Homo sapiens 29-36 14633819-4 2003 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Insulin was infused (2 IU/h) in 5% dextrose (100 ml/h) and KCl (8 mmol/h) into 10 fasting, obese, nondiabetic subjects for 4 h. Subjects were also infused with 5% dextrose without insulin and with saline on two separate occasions. Sodium Chloride 226-232 insulin Homo sapiens 29-36 12623203-4 2003 Insulin, a polypeptide of 6 kDa was used as a model for large peptides to understand the influence of peptide concentration, NaCl concentration, buffer type and its concentration on the transport efficiency of iontophoresis. Sodium Chloride 125-129 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 12623203-6 2003 The permeation of insulin was found to increase up to 0.05 M NaCl and decreased at higher concentrations of NaCl. Sodium Chloride 61-65 insulin Homo sapiens 18-25 12623203-6 2003 The permeation of insulin was found to increase up to 0.05 M NaCl and decreased at higher concentrations of NaCl. Sodium Chloride 108-112 insulin Homo sapiens 18-25 12623203-7 2003 The glucose permeation studies showed that permeation of insulin increased in the presence of NaCl due to ion induced convective flow. Sodium Chloride 94-98 insulin Homo sapiens 57-64 12623203-8 2003 The flux enhancement of insulin in the presence of phthalate buffer was higher in comparison to citrate buffer, but the enhancement in these two buffers was the same in the presence of 0.05 M NaCl, which was also supported by a similar trend in conductivity values. Sodium Chloride 192-196 insulin Homo sapiens 24-31 15589063-6 2004 The maximum "net" CBF response to insulin (response to insulin minus response to saline) showed a negative correlation (r = -0.361; P < 0.01) with age in HS, and resulted significantly lower in the oldest than in the youngest HS (105 +/- 40% versus 307 +/- 45%, respectively; P < 0.01). Sodium Chloride 81-87 insulin Homo sapiens 34-41 12965873-5 2004 Furthermore, basal insulin concentrations were higher during hydrocortisone than during saline infusion (P < 0.01), indicating the presence of steroid-induced insulin resistance. Sodium Chloride 88-94 insulin Homo sapiens 19-26 12832099-7 2003 Glucose+saline infusions induced only minor increases in insulin concentrations. Sodium Chloride 8-14 insulin Homo sapiens 57-64 11334405-3 2001 During saline infusion, insulin levels increased during the first 10 min after meal ingestion, whereas the first increase in glucose was evident at 15 min. Sodium Chloride 7-13 insulin Homo sapiens 24-31 12476925-4 2002 RESULTS: After the overnight fast, insulin levels increased during Intralipid infusion, at min 120 reaching an increment of 33.0 +/- 8.5 microU/ml vs. 9.5 +/- 4.4 microU/ml during saline; p<0.05 for difference. Sodium Chloride 180-186 insulin Homo sapiens 35-42 11444987-2 2001 Small-angle X-ray scattering showed insulin to be monomeric in 20% acetic acid, 0.1 M NaCl, pH 2. Sodium Chloride 86-90 insulin Homo sapiens 36-43 11934672-2 2002 Exposure of betaHC9 cells to a Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate-HEPES buffer (KRBH) made hypotonic by a reduction of 25 mM NaCl resulted in a prompt stimulation of insulin release. Sodium Chloride 115-119 insulin Homo sapiens 156-163 11943396-10 2002 The average insulin permeability at 400 mg/dl of glucose was 8-fold that at 50 mg/dl in a continuous test in saline and was 6-fold in a three-cycle discontinuous test in pH 7.4 buffer. Sodium Chloride 109-115 insulin Homo sapiens 12-19 11474481-3 2001 Insulin sensitivity and sodium excretion in response to a 1,000-mL isotonic saline bolus were examined in 24 strictly normotensive offspring of at least 1 hypertensive parent, 19 controls without a family history of hypertension, and 8 untreated, young hypertensive patients. Sodium Chloride 76-82 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 11334405-4 2001 The preabsorptive 10-min insulin response was reduced by 73 +/- 11% by trimethaphan (P = 0.009), accompanied by impaired reduction of glucose levels from 25 to 60 min after meal ingestion (deltaglucose = -1.27 +/- 0.5 [with saline] vs. 0.1 +/- 0.4 mmol/l [with trimethaphan]; P = 0.008). Sodium Chloride 224-230 insulin Homo sapiens 25-32 11145580-8 2001 Treatment with insulin increased the expression of SR-BI mRNA over that in controls treated with saline. Sodium Chloride 97-103 insulin Homo sapiens 15-22 11172483-6 2001 Exogenous insulin infusion significantly suppressed serum C-peptide at steady state ([SS] last 30 minutes of insulin or saline infusion) in controls (mean of the last 4 measurements from 120 minutes to 150 minutes, 0.86 +/- 0.306 ng/mL, P < .05 vbaseline) but not in obese patients (2.03 +/- 0.26 ng/mL, nonsignificant [NS] v baseline). Sodium Chloride 120-126 insulin Homo sapiens 10-17 9734735-5 1998 Intraduodenal glucose infusion resulted in a further increase in plasma insulin to a peak of 779.4 +/- 114.0 pmol/L, caused an early increase in plasma GIP and a later increase in GLP-1 concentrations (P < 0.01), suppressed appetite (P < 0.05), and reduced energy intake (P < 0.01) compared with intraduodenal infusion of saline. Sodium Chloride 331-337 insulin Homo sapiens 72-79 10720214-5 2000 In multivariate regression analysis, controlling for the effect of potential confounders, the blood pressure increment during the intravenous saline infusion was the best independent predictor of the response to the test (r=0.713) with minor contributions by the 24-h urinary sodium excretion before the test and by baseline fasting serum insulin. Sodium Chloride 142-148 insulin Homo sapiens 339-346 9109844-4 1997 Bolus intravenous injection of insulin (0.1 IU/kg body weight) caused a significant increase in urinary excretion of NO2-/NO3- together with a significant decrease in blood pressure, whereas saline infusion alone had no effect on these parameters. Sodium Chloride 191-197 insulin Homo sapiens 31-38 9726595-4 1998 In non-obese healthy subjects, insulin decreased plasma TG and increased the HDL cholesteryl ester (CE)/TG ratio (p < 0.01 compared with saline infusion). Sodium Chloride 140-146 insulin Homo sapiens 31-38 9538343-6 1998 Insulin treatment resulted in smaller diameters of all follicles (P < 0.05) and tended (P < 0.07) to increase the number of follicles available on day 5 compared with saline-treated animals (19.8 versus 17.8). Sodium Chloride 173-179 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 9538343-8 1998 Insulin also reduced intrafollicular concentrations of IGF-I at days 3 and 5 after weaning (treatment by day interaction; P < 0.02) while the amounts of IGFBP-3 and IGFBPs of molecular mass 30 and 22 kDa decreased from day 3 to day 5 in saline-treated animals only (treatment by day interaction; P < 0.05). Sodium Chloride 240-246 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 9431856-0 1997 NaCl sensitivity of essential hypertensive patients is related to insulin resistance. Sodium Chloride 0-4 insulin Homo sapiens 66-73 9431856-8 1997 CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that essential hypertensive patients with high NaCl sensitivities were relatively insulin resistant compared with those with low NaCl sensitivities, independently of confounding factors such as age, obesity and glucose intolerance. Sodium Chloride 78-82 insulin Homo sapiens 113-120 9179353-0 1997 Stability of ranitidine hydrochloride and human insulin in 0.9% sodium chloride injection. Sodium Chloride 64-79 insulin Homo sapiens 48-55 9083268-0 1997 Tyrosine kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and protein kinase C regulate insulin-stimulated NaCl absorption in the thick ascending limb. Sodium Chloride 97-101 insulin Homo sapiens 78-85 9083268-1 1997 We have previously shown a direct stimulatory effect of insulin on NaCl absorption in the medullary thick ascending limb of Henle"s loop (mTAL). Sodium Chloride 67-71 insulin Homo sapiens 56-63 9083268-2 1997 To further investigate the signal transduction involved, we determined whether tyrosine kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase), and/or protein kinase C (PKC) regulate insulin-stimulated NaCl absorption in the mTAL by in vitro microperfusion methods. Sodium Chloride 198-202 insulin Homo sapiens 179-186 9083268-7 1997 These results indicate that insulin stimulates NaCl absorption in the mTAL through tyrosine kinase, PI3-kinase, and PKC-mediated mechanisms. Sodium Chloride 47-51 insulin Homo sapiens 28-35 9661629-4 1998 Insulin-induced stimulation of glucose uptake (to 34.9 +/- 6.8 vs. 28.8 +/- 3.4 mumol/kg.min; P = 0.2) and inhibition of free fatty acids (to 0.13 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.12 +/- 0.04 mmol/L; P = 0.6) did not differ after overnight saline and overnight insulin. Sodium Chloride 222-228 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 9575974-4 1998 When given estradiol and progesterone, insulin-treated hamsters exhibited significantly reduced levels of sexual receptivity compared with saline-treated controls. Sodium Chloride 139-145 insulin Homo sapiens 39-46 9101063-8 1997 When insulin was replaced together with glucagon, the plasma glucose (4.29 +/- 0.15 mmol/L) and the Rd (32.1 +/- 0.9 mumol.kg-1.min-1, p < 0.05 versus the resting value) obtained were similar to the values from the saline exercising control. Sodium Chloride 218-224 insulin Homo sapiens 5-12 9143862-10 1997 Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was reduced by 46% in the whole body, from 39 to 21 mumol.kg-1.min-1 and by 59% in the femoral muscles, from 99 to 41 mumol.kg-1.min-1, with celiprolol as compared to saline. Sodium Chloride 201-207 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 9404861-6 1997 Compared to Dh and W, carbohydrate supply with or without NaCl induced a higher glycaemia (P < 0.05), a reduced increase in plasma adrenaline concentration (P < 0.05) and a higher plasma insulin concentration (P < 0.05), which lowered plasma free fatty acids and glycerol concentrations (P < 0.05). Sodium Chloride 58-62 insulin Homo sapiens 193-200 8961145-1 1996 The sonophoretic transport rates of monomeric insulin and vasopressin across human skin in vitro in the presence of a 20 kHz ultrasound field are shown to differ substantially depending on whether molecules enter the skin from a saline solution or from a viscous ultrasonic coupling medium (specifically, a methyl cellulose hydrogel or viscous sol). Sodium Chloride 229-235 insulin Homo sapiens 46-53 8840939-7 1996 Intravenous insulin decreased plasma potassium by a similar degree when given in conjunction with bicarbonate or saline (-0.81 +/- 0.05 mmol/L v -0.85 +/- 0.06 mmol/L at 60 minutes; P = 0.65). Sodium Chloride 113-119 insulin Homo sapiens 12-19 8858224-6 1996 During the saline infusion, plasma leptin concentrations decreased significantly in the normal subjects by 11 +/- 1% (p < 0.005) and in the patients with NIDDM by 14 +/- 1% (p < 0.01) after 2 h. During the infusion of insulin as compared to saline, plasma leptin concentrations were 32 +/- 13 (p < 0.05), 53 +/- 14 (p < 0.001), 106 +/- 15 (p < 0.001) and 165 +/- 21 (p < 0.001) % higher at 2, 4, 6 and 8.5 h in the normal subjects, and 11 +/- 9 (p < 0.05), 27 +/- 10 (p < 0.05), 58 +/- 7 (p < 0.001) and 106 +/- 13 (p < 0.001) % higher in the patients with NIDDM, respectively. Sodium Chloride 11-17 insulin Homo sapiens 224-231 7879290-2 1994 Treatment of patients" erythrocytes with acetate buffer solution (0.1 M, pH 5, 150 mM sodium chloride) restored the level of specific binding of insulin to normal values. Sodium Chloride 86-101 insulin Homo sapiens 145-152 8781764-6 1996 Respiratory heart rate variability increased significantly from 13 +/- 1 to 20 +/- 2% during C-peptide infusion (p < 0.001), reaching normal values in five of the subjects; control studies with saline infusion did not alter the heart rate variability (basal, 14 +/- 2; saline, 15 +/- 2%). Sodium Chloride 272-278 insulin Homo sapiens 93-102 7558226-4 1995 Novel evidence has been accumulated on the in vivo regulation of the sodium-proton exchanger in humans, and recent findings suggest that metabolic acidosis, high NaCl intake, and circulating hormones (eg, insulin) can enhance sodium-proton exchanger activity in blood cells. Sodium Chloride 162-166 insulin Homo sapiens 205-212 8948451-8 1995 The major myelin basic protein serine kinase activity in the NaCl eluate co-purified exactly on Mono Q with the activity that restored insulin-stimulated insulin receptor serine phosphorylation. Sodium Chloride 61-65 insulin Homo sapiens 135-142 8948451-8 1995 The major myelin basic protein serine kinase activity in the NaCl eluate co-purified exactly on Mono Q with the activity that restored insulin-stimulated insulin receptor serine phosphorylation. Sodium Chloride 61-65 insulin Homo sapiens 154-161 7714412-9 1994 The results of this study suggest that single-dose insulin in concentrations up to 100 U/ml formulated in saline has no detectable clinical toxicity to the anterior structures of the human eye. Sodium Chloride 106-112 insulin Homo sapiens 51-58 8207318-2 1994 Concentrations of insulin as high as 100 U/ml in saline were shown to produce no detectable clinical toxicity to human eyes in single-dose administration. Sodium Chloride 49-55 insulin Homo sapiens 18-25 8207318-9 1994 Eyedrops containing insulin were subjectively as comfortable and objectively as clinically innocuous as sterile saline alone. Sodium Chloride 112-118 insulin Homo sapiens 20-27 8207318-10 1994 The results of this study demonstrate that insulin (100 U/ml) in saline is nontoxic to the human eye after long-term, multi-dose exposure. Sodium Chloride 65-71 insulin Homo sapiens 43-50 7928870-5 1994 Serum C-peptide was approximately 50% higher at 60 and 90 min of exercise in the 70%-NAL than in the 70%-SAL trial but was significantly lower during exercise in the 90%-NAL than in the 90%-SAL trial. Sodium Chloride 105-108 insulin Homo sapiens 6-15 7928870-5 1994 Serum C-peptide was approximately 50% higher at 60 and 90 min of exercise in the 70%-NAL than in the 70%-SAL trial but was significantly lower during exercise in the 90%-NAL than in the 90%-SAL trial. Sodium Chloride 190-193 insulin Homo sapiens 6-15 8060581-2 1994 The plasma glucose and insulin response to 75 g oral glucose intake was assessed on low (34 mmol/day) and high (342 mmol/day) NaCl diets in 31 patients with essential hypertension, and the area under the curve for both variables (AUCglu and AUCins) was calculated. Sodium Chloride 126-130 insulin Homo sapiens 23-30 8478036-4 1993 Insulin sensitivity was estimated by the "insulin suppression test," i.e., by measuring the plasma glucose and insulin concentrations achieved during a 180-minute infusion of somatostatin, insulin, and glucose in 18 healthy male volunteers (age, 21-28 years) given a standardized low salt diet (20 mmol/day) for 2 weeks, supplemented by either 220 mmol of NaCl per day or placebo in a single-blind randomized order for 1 week each. Sodium Chloride 356-360 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 8473402-8 1993 The number of insulin pulses during saline and glucose infusions corresponded to a mean periodicity of 10 min. Sodium Chloride 36-42 insulin Homo sapiens 14-21 8473402-10 1993 In contrast to the ultradian oscillations, the relative amplitude of the rapid insulin pulses decreased significantly from 28.8 +/- 3.4% during saline infusion to 13.6 +/- 1.6% during high dose glucose infusion (P < 0.01). Sodium Chloride 144-150 insulin Homo sapiens 79-86 7680833-7 1993 Insulin concentrations were maintained at approximately 30 pmol/l throughout saline and cortisol infusions. Sodium Chloride 77-83 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 1601998-6 1992 The lowered area under the insulin curve during oGTT and MTT as a result of the administration of rhIGF-I were related to the fasting insulin levels during saline infusion (oGTT: r = 0.825, P less than 0.05; MTT: r = 0.895, P less than 0.02). Sodium Chloride 156-162 insulin Homo sapiens 27-34 8200182-9 1993 In conclusion, a short-time insulin suppression, as obtained by the somatostatin analogue octreotide, enhances the natriuretic response to intravenous saline load in lean type II diabetic hypertensives. Sodium Chloride 151-157 insulin Homo sapiens 28-35 1469091-5 1992 Compared to saline, increasing rates of insulin infusion progressively increased net forearm glucose uptake from 0.9 mumol/min per 100 ml (saline) to 1.0, 1.8, 2.4, and 4.7 mumol/min per 100 ml forearm, respectively. Sodium Chloride 139-145 insulin Homo sapiens 40-47 8307110-3 1993 After at least 8 days under the respective hormone or NaCl treatment "basally" circulating testosterone levels were slightly suppressed in insulin- (1.56 +/- 0.86 ng/ml) and markedly reduced (0.54 +/- 0.21 ng/ml) in ACTH-treated rats vs. controls (2.33 +/- 0.69 ng/ml). Sodium Chloride 54-58 insulin Homo sapiens 139-146 1478367-8 1992 During C-peptide infusion both variables increased in the diabetic patients (blood flow +27 +/- 4%, capillary diffusion capacity +52 +/- 9%) to levels similar to those in the healthy subjects, while no significant change was seen in the healthy control subjects or the diabetic patients given NaCl. Sodium Chloride 293-297 insulin Homo sapiens 7-16 1514599-9 1992 Half-maximal effective dose for insulin"s effect to stimulate WBGU, delta AVG, BF, and LGU was increased two- to threefold during Epi vs. saline infusions (P less than 0.01 for all values). Sodium Chloride 138-144 insulin Homo sapiens 32-39 1601998-6 1992 The lowered area under the insulin curve during oGTT and MTT as a result of the administration of rhIGF-I were related to the fasting insulin levels during saline infusion (oGTT: r = 0.825, P less than 0.05; MTT: r = 0.895, P less than 0.02). Sodium Chloride 156-162 insulin Homo sapiens 134-141 1370468-6 1992 Cyclic GMP alone with increase the conductance with a Km of 3.7 +/- 0.6 x 10(-7) M. In the absence of calcium, the unitary conductance with insulin + GTP or cGMP at 150 mM NaCl is 153 picosiemens. Sodium Chloride 172-176 insulin Homo sapiens 140-147 1577733-1 1992 One- and two-dimensional 1H NMR spectroscopy have been employed to probe the association and subsequent conformational changes of metal-free insulin in sodium chloride solution at pH 9 and 9.4. Sodium Chloride 152-167 insulin Homo sapiens 141-148 1730815-8 1992 Similarly, insulin treatment resulted in a greater than 100% rise in the difference from baseline in the serum molar ratio of 17 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone to dehydroepiandrosterone 30-60 min after ACTH (P less than 0.004), whereas no change in this difference was observed after the saline infusion (P = 0.71). Sodium Chloride 283-289 insulin Homo sapiens 11-18 1615465-3 1992 In 12 matched control subjects PAI-1 activity was measured during infusion of saline (serum free insulin 3.6 +/- 0.3 mU/l, plasma glucose 5.2 +/- 0.1 mmol/l). Sodium Chloride 78-84 insulin Homo sapiens 97-104 1676891-7 1991 In SR subjects the low v high NaCl diet also raised mean values for creatinine (P = .03), uric acid (P = .001), and low density cholesterol (LDL-C, P = .03), but not fasting insulin (P = .15). Sodium Chloride 30-34 insulin Homo sapiens 174-181 2137801-12 1990 Subcutaneous insulin infusion, resulting in circulating plasma free-insulin levels in normotensive control subjects comparable to those in IDDM patients, inhibited natriuresis, increased proximal tubule sodium reabsorption at the level of the kidney, and inhibited an adequate ANP stimulation by saline challenge. Sodium Chloride 296-302 insulin Homo sapiens 13-20 1714670-10 1991 During saline postprandial insulin levels rose by 49 +/- 6 microU/ml within 45 min which was attenuated during low dose (23 +/- 6 microU/ml; p less than 0.01) and high dose CCK-9 (1 +/- 1 microU/ml; p less than 0.001). Sodium Chloride 7-13 insulin Homo sapiens 27-34 1902484-4 1991 Pyridostigmine (120 mg, orally), administered 30 min before the stimulus, enhanced GH responses to GHRH and insulin during both saline and GH infusions. Sodium Chloride 128-134 insulin Homo sapiens 108-115 3059825-2 1988 During insulin infusion, urinary sodium chloride excretion fell. Sodium Chloride 33-48 insulin Homo sapiens 7-14 2736199-3 1989 Animals fed the 80% MCT diet had a significantly reduced tumour weight compared with controls fed a normal laboratory diet, while in animals administered 20 U insulin kg-1 day-1 the tumour weight was 50% greater than in saline infused controls. Sodium Chloride 220-226 insulin Homo sapiens 159-166 2227124-10 1990 The insulin level during saline infusion was 41 +/- 7 pM. Sodium Chloride 25-31 insulin Homo sapiens 4-11 34351780-4 2021 The other insulin analogue, linked to the sterol lithocholic acid, formed n-hexamers with n ranging from 1 to 15, increasing with NaCl concentration and insulin concentration, indicating attractive forces in competition with the electrostatic repulsion and solution entropy. Sodium Chloride 130-134 insulin Homo sapiens 10-17 2671776-7 1989 In the group infused with hypertonic saline, insulin caused increases of serum DLF from 60 +/- 18 at time 0 to 170 +/- 17 pg digoxin Eq/ml at peak (p less than 0.01). Sodium Chloride 37-43 insulin Homo sapiens 45-52 2575575-5 1989 Insulin binding to circulating monocytes did not change after 4 h insulinopenia (2.19 +/- 0.30 vs. 2.35 +/- 0.80%), while insulin sensitivity appeared decreased after SRIF (KITT = 0.97 +/- 0.13) as compared with saline (KITT = 3.30 +/- 0.42), and this effect was prevented by insulin (KITT = 2.46 +/- 0.38). Sodium Chloride 212-218 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 3050268-3 1988 Fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels were both significantly lower during ingestion of the high NaCl diet (p less than 0.05). Sodium Chloride 101-105 insulin Homo sapiens 27-34 3050268-4 1988 After glucose ingestion, the incremental areas under the two hour plasma glucose and insulin curves were significantly smaller during ingestion of the high NaCl diet (glucose p less than 0.005 and insulin p less than 0.025). Sodium Chloride 156-160 insulin Homo sapiens 85-92 3396617-2 1988 as a bolus of 15 mg/ml plus 90 mg in 0.9% NaCl 100 ml over 60 min, increases plasma insulin and decreases plasma glucose and adrenaline in non-insulin dependent (Type II) diabetic subjects. Sodium Chloride 42-46 insulin Homo sapiens 84-91 2906021-1 1988 Insulin resistance was assessed after an intravenous infusion of adrenaline (50 ng.kg-1.min-1) or saline (control study) given between 08.00 and 08.30 hours in nine patients with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Sodium Chloride 98-104 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 2838996-6 1988 Insulin-induced hypoglycemia led to a significant rise in plasma AVP in both saline and naloxone-infused subjects (P less than 0.05), which was maximal 45 min after insulin. Sodium Chloride 77-83 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 3296886-6 1987 Serum insulin concentration was unchanged in mares given saline solution, but transiently increased in mares given yohimbine alone. Sodium Chloride 57-63 insulin Homo sapiens 6-13 3300371-2 1987 However, when food and suckling are withheld from insulin-treated 5- to 25-day-old rats until their altered blood glucose levels return to normal, their rate of milk intake via suckling from their anesthetized dam is increased over saline-treated control pups. Sodium Chloride 232-238 insulin Homo sapiens 50-57 3034950-2 1987 When given hypertonic saline, the men had less hypoglycemia in response to insulin, both acutely and in the recovery phase (P less than 0.01), and released 34% more glucagon (P less than 0.05) than when they were water loaded. Sodium Chloride 22-28 insulin Homo sapiens 75-82 3034950-4 1987 After the saline load, the mean plasma vasopressin level rose from 11.0 +/- 2.2 (+/- SEM) to 20.9 +/- 2.9 pg/mL in response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Sodium Chloride 10-16 insulin Homo sapiens 127-134 3034950-7 1987 The difference in the glycemic response to insulin may be related to the high vasopressin levels after saline loading, which could, either directly and/or through enhanced glucagon release, increase hepatic glucose production and thus limit the hypoglycemic response to insulin. Sodium Chloride 103-109 insulin Homo sapiens 43-50 3034950-7 1987 The difference in the glycemic response to insulin may be related to the high vasopressin levels after saline loading, which could, either directly and/or through enhanced glucagon release, increase hepatic glucose production and thus limit the hypoglycemic response to insulin. Sodium Chloride 103-109 insulin Homo sapiens 270-277 2951732-3 1987 The insulin-stimulatable MAP-2 kinase activity is not adsorbed to phosphocellulose, whereas the principal S6 kinase activity is retained and elutes at approximately 0.5 M NaCl. Sodium Chloride 171-175 insulin Homo sapiens 4-11 3550377-5 1987 Saline tended to cause glucagon and insulin to decline slightly (by 17 +/- 8 pg/mL and 6 +/- 2 microU/mL); hGH32-46 increased (P less than 0.05) tracer determined (3H-3-glucose) glucose production by 1.13 +/- 0.66 mg/kg/min while saline had no effect. Sodium Chloride 0-6 insulin Homo sapiens 36-43 3019152-7 1986 During saline infusion, plasma insulin concentrations increased progressively to peak levels fourfold above basal at the 18 ng X kg-1 X min-1 dose. Sodium Chloride 7-13 insulin Homo sapiens 31-38 2939613-3 1986 They were formed by the supersound treatment of the lipid suspension with the crystalline insulin in the buffer containing 140 mM NaCl and 10 mM tris-HCl (pH 7.4). Sodium Chloride 130-134 insulin Homo sapiens 90-97 3766574-0 1986 Effect of pretreatment with 0.9% sodium chloride or insulin solutions on the delivery of insulin from an infusion system. Sodium Chloride 33-48 insulin Homo sapiens 89-96 3766574-2 1986 administration system with sodium chloride or insulin solution on the delivery of insulin was studied. Sodium Chloride 27-42 insulin Homo sapiens 82-89 3766574-3 1986 Insulin labeled with iodine 125 was added to human insulin, which was added to 0.9% sodium chloride injection packaged in flexible polyvinyl chloride containers and to 0.9% sodium chloride injection placed in empty ethylene vinyl acetate containers. Sodium Chloride 84-99 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 3766574-3 1986 Insulin labeled with iodine 125 was added to human insulin, which was added to 0.9% sodium chloride injection packaged in flexible polyvinyl chloride containers and to 0.9% sodium chloride injection placed in empty ethylene vinyl acetate containers. Sodium Chloride 173-188 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 3766574-6 1986 The 0.9% sodium chloride injection had a conditioning effect on the polyvinyl chloride administration sets, indicating an electrostatic sorption mechanism for insulin. Sodium Chloride 9-24 insulin Homo sapiens 159-166 3905459-4 1985 Measurement of insulin concentration in saline solutions, delivered by the Biostator at a same rate and under similar conditions to those in this study, showed that insulin delivery was stable for the 8-h period of this study. Sodium Chloride 40-46 insulin Homo sapiens 15-22 6389295-1 1984 The amount of insulin required to maintain similar blood glucose concentrations during an eight hour infusion of either saline or growth hormone (2 micrograms/kg/hr) was determined in five fed, insulin-dependent diabetic subjects during closed-loop insulin delivery. Sodium Chloride 120-126 insulin Homo sapiens 14-21 2988200-4 1985 Output of protons into the medium and its acidification (alteration of pM by 0.01-0.012) within 3-6 sec was found in experiments with impulse administration of insulin 100 micrograms and pFCCP 0.1 micrograms into the suspension of freshly isolated rat adipocytes (5 ml) added to an electrolyte containing 150 mM NaCl, 10 mM beta-hydroxybutyric acid, 0.01 mM Gly-Gly (pH 7.45). Sodium Chloride 312-316 insulin Homo sapiens 160-167 2861127-3 1985 During the infusion of saline, basal peripheral vein levels of insulin, gastrin, and triglycerides were elevated in obese subjects, whereas basal plasma SLI levels were significantly lower compared with the lean controls. Sodium Chloride 23-29 insulin Homo sapiens 63-70 6378635-6 1984 (2) The spectral effects are induced by the very same conditions which are known to induce the 2Zn----4Zn insulin transformation in the crystal (i.e. threshold concentrations of NaCl, KSCN, NaI, for example). Sodium Chloride 178-182 insulin Homo sapiens 106-113 6225336-13 1983 Insulin had a greater binding tendency in 5% dextrose injection than in 0.9% sodium chloride injection in both experiments regardless of the filter treatment. Sodium Chloride 77-92 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 6363674-4 1983 Buffered physiological (pH 7.4) saline solutions containing 0.001-0.003 M lysine in the presence of 0.005 M EDTA or 0.01 M lysine in the absence of EDTA improve insulin solubility and are effective in minimizing aggregation. Sodium Chloride 32-38 insulin Homo sapiens 161-168 6617417-5 1983 The high-dose saline infusion was stopped, and she was successfully treated with insulin and potassium but only minimal saline. Sodium Chloride 14-20 insulin Homo sapiens 81-88 6341122-5 1983 From 2400-0300 to 0600-0900 h, mean insulin infusion rates required to maintain blood glucose values between 109 and 120 mg/dl increased by 0.21 +/- 0.05 mU/kg/min during the SAL infusion, and 0.16 +/- 0.04 mU/kg/min during the DEX infusion, when plasma cortisols were suppressed to less than or equal to 2 micrograms/dl. Sodium Chloride 175-178 insulin Homo sapiens 36-43 6338038-5 1983 In the term infants, only the plasma insulin concentration was elevated when the glucose infused (5.7 +/- 0.3 mg X kg-1 min-1) infants were compared with the saline controls and GPR was 0.4 X kg-1 min-1 (range, 0-2.6) vs. 3.4 mg X kg-1 min-1 (range, 2.8-5.7) (saline controls). Sodium Chloride 158-164 insulin Homo sapiens 37-44 6338038-5 1983 In the term infants, only the plasma insulin concentration was elevated when the glucose infused (5.7 +/- 0.3 mg X kg-1 min-1) infants were compared with the saline controls and GPR was 0.4 X kg-1 min-1 (range, 0-2.6) vs. 3.4 mg X kg-1 min-1 (range, 2.8-5.7) (saline controls). Sodium Chloride 260-266 insulin Homo sapiens 37-44 6132848-3 1983 After insulin withdrawal during the saline infusion, glucose and potassium levels rose markedly (delta maximum: glucose, 12.0 +/- 1.5 mmol/l; potassium, 0.73 +/- 0.12 mmol/l), while glucagon showed a slight, but significant increment (delta maximum: 10.6 +/- 1.0 pmol/ml, p less than 0.05). Sodium Chloride 36-42 insulin Homo sapiens 6-13 6761262-3 1982 Combination with native porcine sulfhydryl A-chain gave [DArgB22]insulin which was purified by ion exchange chromatography on SP-Sephadex at pH 4.5 with a linear NaCl gradient. Sodium Chloride 162-166 insulin Homo sapiens 65-72 590092-3 1977 Insulin treatment (1-20 IU/h) with a motor infusion pump and infusion of hypertonic solutions decreased serum osmolarity by 2-4 mosmol/l X h. The faster fall of glucose in the extracellular space was compensated by hypertonic saline infusions (up to 365 mosmol/l). Sodium Chloride 226-232 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 6190296-4 1982 Substitution of the impermeant salt sodium isethionate for NaCl led to a 90% decrease in glucose-stimulated insulin release with no inhibition of somatostatin receptor recruitment. Sodium Chloride 59-63 insulin Homo sapiens 108-115 7000585-7 1980 Saline infusion in the insulin-infused diabetics had no effect on plasma amino acid concentrations. Sodium Chloride 0-6 insulin Homo sapiens 23-30 6278610-9 1982 Thus, continuous infusion of insulin added to the rehydration solution, including isotonic bicarbonate, isotonic saline, glucose and electrolytes is as effective as discontinuous insulin infusion, but with a lower incidence of complications. Sodium Chloride 113-119 insulin Homo sapiens 29-36 1031798-3 1976 The criterion of BACHRACH produced more positive "insulin tests" after injection of sodium chloride than after insulin itself. Sodium Chloride 84-99 insulin Homo sapiens 50-57 805076-8 1975 These data suggest that the effect exerted by insulin-saline-bicarbonate therapy on amino acid metabolism is manifested by diminished A-V plasma alanine and glutamine differences across forearm tissue. Sodium Chloride 54-60 insulin Homo sapiens 46-53 14823693-0 1950 [Complication during insulin therapy; the salt deficiency syndrome; heat stroke; prophylactic and therapeutic use of sodium chloride]. Sodium Chloride 117-132 insulin Homo sapiens 21-28 1183914-9 1975 The HGH response to insulin test, carried out in 9 other normal subjects during saline infusion and at the 3rd hour of lipid infusion (Lipiphysan 15%) was significantly inhibited during lipid infusion. Sodium Chloride 80-86 insulin Homo sapiens 20-27 1156820-1 1975 In the use of low-level intravenous insulin infusion for treating diabetic hyperglycaemia and ketoacidosis adsorption of insulin to containers or plastic infusion apparatus results in significant losses of 60-80% of insulin in dilute physiological saline solution (40 U/l). Sodium Chloride 248-254 insulin Homo sapiens 121-128