PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 29109271-7 2017 We found that pachytene spermatocytes, which express an RA-synthesizing enzyme, Aldh1a2, contribute directly and significantly to RA production in testes. Tretinoin 56-58 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 80-87 29109271-7 2017 We found that pachytene spermatocytes, which express an RA-synthesizing enzyme, Aldh1a2, contribute directly and significantly to RA production in testes. Tretinoin 130-132 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 80-87 29073082-8 2017 In the intestine, it increased the expression of retinoic acid-inducible target genes such as Aldh1a2, Dhrs3, and Ccr9 The beta-carotene-inducible disruption of retinoid homeostasis affected gut-homing and differentiation of lymphocytes and displayed morphologically in large lymphoid follicles along the intestine. Tretinoin 49-62 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 94-101 27966553-8 2017 Mechanistically, acetate-induced DC expression of Aldh1a2, which converts Vitamin A into its metabolite retinoic acid (RA). Tretinoin 104-117 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 50-57 27966553-8 2017 Mechanistically, acetate-induced DC expression of Aldh1a2, which converts Vitamin A into its metabolite retinoic acid (RA). Tretinoin 119-121 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 50-57 27840061-2 2017 Loss-of-function studies using gene knockouts of RA-synthesizing enzymes encoded by Aldh1a1, Aldh1a2, and Aldh1a3 (also known as Raldh1, Raldh2, and Raldh3) have provided valuable insight into how RA controls eye morphogenesis including corneal development. Tretinoin 49-51 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 93-100 27840061-2 2017 Loss-of-function studies using gene knockouts of RA-synthesizing enzymes encoded by Aldh1a1, Aldh1a2, and Aldh1a3 (also known as Raldh1, Raldh2, and Raldh3) have provided valuable insight into how RA controls eye morphogenesis including corneal development. Tretinoin 49-51 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 137-143 25087568-8 2014 RA signaling was implicated in normal liver regeneration as the mRNA levels of RARbeta, Aldh1a2, Crabp1, and Crbp1 were all induced 1.5 days after PH during the active phase of hepatocyte proliferation. Tretinoin 0-2 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 88-95 26577569-5 2016 Despite tolerance development, CD103(+)CD11b(+) DCs, which are the major migratory DC population in the MLNs, and the tolerance-related retinoic acid-generating enzyme RALDH2 were virtually absent from the ILNs. Tretinoin 136-149 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 168-174 27911779-4 2016 Retinol dehydrogenase 10 (RDH10) and aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 subfamily A2 (ALDH1A2) mRNAs and proteins and transactivation activity of endogenous RA were found in the stroma of proximal Mullerian ducts and gradually decreased from the proximal to caudal regions in fetal mice. Tretinoin 154-156 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 37-81 27911779-4 2016 Retinol dehydrogenase 10 (RDH10) and aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 subfamily A2 (ALDH1A2) mRNAs and proteins and transactivation activity of endogenous RA were found in the stroma of proximal Mullerian ducts and gradually decreased from the proximal to caudal regions in fetal mice. Tretinoin 154-156 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 83-90 26442704-3 2016 To address the cellular mechanisms underlying the effects of RA signaling during OFT morphogenesis, we used transient maternal RA supplementation to rescue the early lethality resulting from inactivation of the murine retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Raldh2) gene. Tretinoin 127-129 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 218-247 26368825-3 2015 Here, we found that mouse Raldh2-/- embryos, lacking RA synthesis and displaying a consistent small somite defect, exhibited abnormal expression of key markers of axial stem cell progeny, with decreased Sox2+ and Sox1+ neuroectodermal progeny and increased Tbx6+ presomitic mesodermal progeny. Tretinoin 53-55 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 26-32 25087568-9 2014 RA treatment prior to PH resulted in early up-regulation of RARbeta, Aldh1a2, Crabp1, and Crbp1, which was accompanied by an early induction of cell cycle genes. Tretinoin 0-2 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 69-76 23053054-5 2012 The locations of the RA synthetic system (Aldh1a1, Aldh1a2, CRBP1) and catabolizing enzyme (Cyp26a1) were distinctive in the mouse uterus during the peri-implantation period. Tretinoin 21-23 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 51-58 24788806-8 2014 Sp1 and the RARalpha/RXRalpha complex bound to GC-rich Sp1-binding sites and an RA response element (RARE) half-site, respectively, near the TATA box in the mouse Aldh1a2 promoter. Tretinoin 12-14 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 163-170 23966631-2 2013 Mouse intestinal CD103+ dendritic cells (DCs) produce a high level of RA by highly expressing retinal dehydrogenase (RALDH)2, an enzyme that converts retinal to RA, and induce gut-homing T cells. Tretinoin 70-72 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 117-124 23765990-3 2013 Previous studies on Raldh2-/- and Raldh3-/- mice demonstrated an RA requirement for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic and dopaminergic differentiation in forebrain basal ganglia, but no RA requirement was observed during early forebrain patterning or subsequent forebrain cortical expansion. Tretinoin 65-67 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 20-26 23733880-4 2013 CD103(+) DCs, but not pDCs or lung macrophages, upregulated the expression of retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (aldh1a2), which is key for the production of retinoic acid, a cofactor for TGF-beta for Foxp3 induction. Tretinoin 154-167 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 78-107 23733880-4 2013 CD103(+) DCs, but not pDCs or lung macrophages, upregulated the expression of retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (aldh1a2), which is key for the production of retinoic acid, a cofactor for TGF-beta for Foxp3 induction. Tretinoin 154-167 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 109-116 23806210-4 2013 RA is produced by three different enzymes called retinaldehyde dehydrogenases (RALDH1, RALDH2 and RALDH3) that are all expressed in the developing bowel. Tretinoin 0-2 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 87-93 23553814-3 2013 Here, Aldh1a2 functions as the primary enzyme necessary for RA production which regulates forelimb outgrowth and hindlimb digit separation. Tretinoin 60-62 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 6-13 23553814-4 2013 Because mice lacking HOXA13 exhibit similar defects in digit separation as Aldh1a2 mutants, we hypothesized that HOXA13 regulates Aldh1a2 to facilitate RA-mediated interdigital programmed cell death (IPCD) and digit separation. Tretinoin 152-154 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 75-82 23553814-4 2013 Because mice lacking HOXA13 exhibit similar defects in digit separation as Aldh1a2 mutants, we hypothesized that HOXA13 regulates Aldh1a2 to facilitate RA-mediated interdigital programmed cell death (IPCD) and digit separation. Tretinoin 152-154 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 130-137 23553814-9 2013 CONCLUSIONS: Defects in IPCD and digit separation in Hoxa13 mutant mice may be caused in part by reduced levels of RA signaling stemming from a loss in the direct regulation of Aldh1a2. Tretinoin 115-117 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 177-184 23077214-4 2013 Similarly, RA exposure or genetic loss of RA function via heterozygous mutation of the RA synthetic enzyme Raldh2 induces novel cranial anomalies and enhances cardiovascular phenotypes in LgDel but not other genotypes. Tretinoin 11-13 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 107-113 23077214-4 2013 Similarly, RA exposure or genetic loss of RA function via heterozygous mutation of the RA synthetic enzyme Raldh2 induces novel cranial anomalies and enhances cardiovascular phenotypes in LgDel but not other genotypes. Tretinoin 42-44 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 107-113 21497760-1 2011 In vertebrate embryos, retinoic acid (RA) synthesized in the mesoderm by Raldh2 emanates to the hindbrain neuroepithelium, where it induces anteroposterior (AP)-restricted Hox expression patterns and rhombomere segmentation. Tretinoin 23-36 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 73-79 23021139-2 2012 Retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Raldh2, a gene critical for the generation of retinoic acid) is expressed in the mouse duodenum during the temporal window when duodenal atresias form. Tretinoin 77-90 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 0-29 23021139-2 2012 Retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Raldh2, a gene critical for the generation of retinoic acid) is expressed in the mouse duodenum during the temporal window when duodenal atresias form. Tretinoin 77-90 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 31-37 21492869-5 2012 Accordingly, we hypothesized that Fgfr2IIIb-/- mouse embryos would exhibit disruptions in expression of Raldh2, the gene for the enzyme that regulates the final step in the conversion of vitamin A to the active form RA, during duodenal atresia formation. Tretinoin 216-218 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 104-110 21618588-6 2011 In spite of its lower potency, increased Hoxa1 gene expression was detected 30 min after retinol exposure and increased 40-fold by 2 h. Rdh10 and Aldh1a2/Raldh2, which together convert retinol to atRA in the embryo, were the predominant alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases expressed in P19 cells. Tretinoin 196-200 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 146-153 21618588-6 2011 In spite of its lower potency, increased Hoxa1 gene expression was detected 30 min after retinol exposure and increased 40-fold by 2 h. Rdh10 and Aldh1a2/Raldh2, which together convert retinol to atRA in the embryo, were the predominant alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases expressed in P19 cells. Tretinoin 196-200 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 154-160 22214285-8 2012 Lumbar cells express high levels of Cyp26b1 and low levels of the RA-synthesizing enzyme retinaldehyde dehydrogenase Raldh2, resulting in limited activation of the RA signaling pathway in these cells. Tretinoin 66-68 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 117-123 22214285-8 2012 Lumbar cells express high levels of Cyp26b1 and low levels of the RA-synthesizing enzyme retinaldehyde dehydrogenase Raldh2, resulting in limited activation of the RA signaling pathway in these cells. Tretinoin 164-166 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 117-123 22387209-5 2012 We documented the expression of gene-encoding enzymes that produce retinoic acid (Raldh2) and enzymes that degrade it (Cyp26a1, Cyp26b1). Tretinoin 67-80 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 82-88 22127979-5 2012 We found dynamic patterns of gene expression for the RA-synthesizing enzyme, Raldh2, and for the RA-catabolizing enzyme, Cyp26b1, during GT development. Tretinoin 53-55 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 77-83 21538808-1 2011 During the early stages of body axis extension, retinoic acid (RA) synthesized in somites by Raldh2 represses caudal fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling to limit the tailbud progenitor zone. Tretinoin 48-61 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 93-99 21538808-1 2011 During the early stages of body axis extension, retinoic acid (RA) synthesized in somites by Raldh2 represses caudal fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling to limit the tailbud progenitor zone. Tretinoin 63-65 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 93-99 21497760-1 2011 In vertebrate embryos, retinoic acid (RA) synthesized in the mesoderm by Raldh2 emanates to the hindbrain neuroepithelium, where it induces anteroposterior (AP)-restricted Hox expression patterns and rhombomere segmentation. Tretinoin 38-40 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 73-79 21497760-3 2011 By analyzing Pbx1/Pbx2 and Hoxa1/Pbx1 null mice, we found that Raldh2 is itself under the transcriptional control of these factors and that the resulting RA-deficient phenotypes can be partially rescued by exogenous RA. Tretinoin 154-156 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 63-69 21409183-5 2011 Changes in expression of mRNA for retinaldehyde dehydrogenase II (Raldh2), Crabp1 and Crabp2 genes also occur within the same time window (i.e. 10-11dpc) after RA treatment. Tretinoin 160-162 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 66-72 21220692-4 2011 Remarkably, RA itself could directly induce RALDH2 in both DCs and stromal cells in vitro. Tretinoin 12-14 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 44-50 21220692-5 2011 Furthermore, upon provision of a vitamin A-deficient diet, it was found that RA-mediated signaling was strongly reduced within the small intestines, while RALDH2 mRNA and RALDH enzyme activity in lamina propria DCs and MLN-DCs, as well as RALDH2 mRNA expression in MLN stromal cells, were strongly diminished. Tretinoin 77-79 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 239-245 20134361-8 2010 RESULTS: Mouse sutures were found to express genes necessary for retinoic acid synthesis, binding, and signal transduction, demonstrated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (Raldh1, Raldh2, Raldh3, and Rbp4). Tretinoin 65-78 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 198-204 20737513-2 2010 To address this within a physiological context, we used retinaldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (Raldh2) null mouse embryos and demonstrate that retinoic acid (RA) deficiency results in abnormal yolk sac vascular remodeling due to decreased Rac1 activation, increased RhoA activation, and increased focal adhesions. Tretinoin 135-148 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 87-93 20439714-5 2010 To address this, we used transient maternal RA supplementation to overcome early Raldh2(-/-) lethality. Tretinoin 44-46 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 81-87 20944006-2 2010 We report that a subset of bone marrow cells freshly isolated from C57BL/6 mice express the retinoic acid (RA)-synthesizing enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 (ALDH1a2) and are capable of providing RA to DC precursors in the bone marrow microenvironment. Tretinoin 92-105 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 131-176 20944006-2 2010 We report that a subset of bone marrow cells freshly isolated from C57BL/6 mice express the retinoic acid (RA)-synthesizing enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 (ALDH1a2) and are capable of providing RA to DC precursors in the bone marrow microenvironment. Tretinoin 107-109 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 131-176 20944006-2 2010 We report that a subset of bone marrow cells freshly isolated from C57BL/6 mice express the retinoic acid (RA)-synthesizing enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 (ALDH1a2) and are capable of providing RA to DC precursors in the bone marrow microenvironment. Tretinoin 107-109 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 178-185 20944006-2 2010 We report that a subset of bone marrow cells freshly isolated from C57BL/6 mice express the retinoic acid (RA)-synthesizing enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 (ALDH1a2) and are capable of providing RA to DC precursors in the bone marrow microenvironment. Tretinoin 216-218 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 131-176 20944006-2 2010 We report that a subset of bone marrow cells freshly isolated from C57BL/6 mice express the retinoic acid (RA)-synthesizing enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 (ALDH1a2) and are capable of providing RA to DC precursors in the bone marrow microenvironment. Tretinoin 216-218 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 178-185 20944006-3 2010 RA induced bone marrow-derived DCs to express CCR9 and ALDH1a2 and conferred upon them mucosal DC functions, including induction of Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells, IgA-secreting B cells, and gut-homing molecules. Tretinoin 0-2 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 55-62 20944006-7 2010 Furthermore, MyD88 signaling enhanced RA-educated DC ALDH1a2 expression and was required for optimal TGF-beta production. Tretinoin 38-40 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 53-60 20034106-2 2010 Here, we report that the RA-generating enzyme retinaldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (Raldh2) is expressed in the interdigital mesenchyme whereas Cyp26b1, controlling RA degradation, is expressed in digits, limiting autopodal RA action to the interdigital zones. Tretinoin 25-27 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 46-75 20185795-8 2010 Phenotypic analysis of Raldh2 mutant mice rescued from early cardiac defects by retinoic acid food supply revealed defects of the venous pole and pericardium highly similar to those of Wt1(-/-) mice. Tretinoin 80-93 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 23-29 20081195-1 2010 Comparative studies of the tetrapod raldh2 (aldh1a2) gene, which encodes a retinoic acid (RA) synthesis enzyme, have led to the identification of a dorsal spinal cord enhancer. Tretinoin 75-88 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 36-42 20081195-1 2010 Comparative studies of the tetrapod raldh2 (aldh1a2) gene, which encodes a retinoic acid (RA) synthesis enzyme, have led to the identification of a dorsal spinal cord enhancer. Tretinoin 75-88 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 44-51 20081195-1 2010 Comparative studies of the tetrapod raldh2 (aldh1a2) gene, which encodes a retinoic acid (RA) synthesis enzyme, have led to the identification of a dorsal spinal cord enhancer. Tretinoin 90-92 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 36-42 20034106-2 2010 Here, we report that the RA-generating enzyme retinaldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (Raldh2) is expressed in the interdigital mesenchyme whereas Cyp26b1, controlling RA degradation, is expressed in digits, limiting autopodal RA action to the interdigital zones. Tretinoin 25-27 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 77-83 20081195-1 2010 Comparative studies of the tetrapod raldh2 (aldh1a2) gene, which encodes a retinoic acid (RA) synthesis enzyme, have led to the identification of a dorsal spinal cord enhancer. Tretinoin 90-92 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 44-51 18831967-2 2009 The final step in the conversion of retinol to retinoic acid is carried out by three retinaldehyde dehydrogenases encoded by Raldh1 (Aldh1a1), Raldh2 (Aldh1a2), and Raldh3 (Aldh1a3). Tretinoin 47-60 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 143-149 20040494-5 2010 Conversely, we find that RA-receptor signaling in ureteric bud cells depends mainly on RA generated in nearby stromal cells by retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2, an enzyme required for most fetal RA synthesis. Tretinoin 25-27 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 127-156 20040494-5 2010 Conversely, we find that RA-receptor signaling in ureteric bud cells depends mainly on RA generated in nearby stromal cells by retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2, an enzyme required for most fetal RA synthesis. Tretinoin 87-89 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 127-156 19539783-2 2009 At early somite stages, Wnt/beta-catenin and FGF signaling domains exist both anterior and posterior to the developing trunk, whereas RA signaling occurs in between in the trunk under the control of the RA-synthesizing enzyme retinaldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (Raldh2). Tretinoin 203-205 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 226-255 19539783-3 2009 Previous studies demonstrated that vitamin A deficient quail embryos and Raldh2(-/-) mouse embryos lacking RA synthesis exhibit ectopic expression of Fgf8 and Wnt8a in the developing trunk. Tretinoin 107-109 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 73-79 19519663-3 2009 We show that cells of the vomeronasal nerve express the retinoic acid (RA) synthesizing enzyme retinal dehydrogenase 2. Tretinoin 56-69 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 95-118 19519663-3 2009 We show that cells of the vomeronasal nerve express the retinoic acid (RA) synthesizing enzyme retinal dehydrogenase 2. Tretinoin 71-73 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 95-118 18831967-2 2009 The final step in the conversion of retinol to retinoic acid is carried out by three retinaldehyde dehydrogenases encoded by Raldh1 (Aldh1a1), Raldh2 (Aldh1a2), and Raldh3 (Aldh1a3). Tretinoin 47-60 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 151-158 18831967-5 2009 During optic cup formation Raldh2 is first expressed transiently in perioptic mesenchyme, then later Raldh1 and Raldh3 expression begins in the dorsal and ventral retina, respectively, and these sources of retinoic acid are maintained in the fetus. Tretinoin 206-219 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 27-33 18478160-0 2008 Expression of the retinoic acid-metabolizing enzymes RALDH2 and CYP26b1 during mouse postnatal testis development. Tretinoin 18-31 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 53-59 18684862-4 2008 We found that the formation of yolk sac hemogenic endothelium and its hematopoietic potential were significantly impaired in the absence of retinoic acid (RA) signaling, and could be restored in RA-deficient (Raldh2(-/-)) embryos by provision of exogenous RA in utero. Tretinoin 140-153 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 209-215 18684862-4 2008 We found that the formation of yolk sac hemogenic endothelium and its hematopoietic potential were significantly impaired in the absence of retinoic acid (RA) signaling, and could be restored in RA-deficient (Raldh2(-/-)) embryos by provision of exogenous RA in utero. Tretinoin 195-197 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 209-215 19168680-3 2009 We show that, in addition to posterior mesendoderm, primitive streak and node cells transiently express the RA-synthesizing enzyme Raldh2 prior to the headfold stage. Tretinoin 108-110 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 131-137 19075394-5 2009 Here we identify retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Raldh2), the rate-limiting enzyme for retinoic acid (RA) synthesis in the limb, as a direct Hoxd13 target and show decreased RA production in limbs from Spdh/Spdh mice. Tretinoin 86-99 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 17-46 19075394-5 2009 Here we identify retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Raldh2), the rate-limiting enzyme for retinoic acid (RA) synthesis in the limb, as a direct Hoxd13 target and show decreased RA production in limbs from Spdh/Spdh mice. Tretinoin 86-99 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 48-54 19075394-5 2009 Here we identify retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Raldh2), the rate-limiting enzyme for retinoic acid (RA) synthesis in the limb, as a direct Hoxd13 target and show decreased RA production in limbs from Spdh/Spdh mice. Tretinoin 101-103 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 17-46 19075394-5 2009 Here we identify retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Raldh2), the rate-limiting enzyme for retinoic acid (RA) synthesis in the limb, as a direct Hoxd13 target and show decreased RA production in limbs from Spdh/Spdh mice. Tretinoin 101-103 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 48-54 19075394-5 2009 Here we identify retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Raldh2), the rate-limiting enzyme for retinoic acid (RA) synthesis in the limb, as a direct Hoxd13 target and show decreased RA production in limbs from Spdh/Spdh mice. Tretinoin 173-175 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 17-46 19075394-5 2009 Here we identify retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Raldh2), the rate-limiting enzyme for retinoic acid (RA) synthesis in the limb, as a direct Hoxd13 target and show decreased RA production in limbs from Spdh/Spdh mice. Tretinoin 173-175 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 48-54 18453568-6 2008 Consistent with the finding that the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RA) induces gut-homing molecules on T cells, we further demonstrate that IL-4 up-regulated retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 mRNA on MLN-DC, a critical enzyme involved in the synthesis of RA. Tretinoin 58-71 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 164-193 18498088-5 2008 Here, we demonstrate that Raldh2(-/-) mouse embryos lacking retinoic acid signaling exhibit a posterior expansion of the cardiac Fgf8 expression domain as well as an expansion of Isl1 expression into mesoderm lying posterior to the cardiac field. Tretinoin 60-73 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 26-32 18453568-6 2008 Consistent with the finding that the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RA) induces gut-homing molecules on T cells, we further demonstrate that IL-4 up-regulated retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 mRNA on MLN-DC, a critical enzyme involved in the synthesis of RA. Tretinoin 73-75 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 164-193 18453568-6 2008 Consistent with the finding that the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RA) induces gut-homing molecules on T cells, we further demonstrate that IL-4 up-regulated retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 mRNA on MLN-DC, a critical enzyme involved in the synthesis of RA. Tretinoin 257-259 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 164-193 18287057-2 2008 The retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2) enzyme catalyzes the second oxidative step in RA biosynthesis and its loss of function creates a severe embryonic RA deficiency. Tretinoin 35-37 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 4-33 17184764-1 2007 We have previously shown that retinoic acid (RA) synthesized by the retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2) is required in forebrain development. Tretinoin 30-43 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 68-97 17634193-6 2007 RA rescue of the lung phenotype was associated with low levels of Smad2 phosphorylation and downregulation of Tgfbeta targets in Raldh2-null foreguts. Tretinoin 0-2 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 129-135 17184764-1 2007 We have previously shown that retinoic acid (RA) synthesized by the retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2) is required in forebrain development. Tretinoin 30-43 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 99-105 17047027-5 2006 Expression of the RA synthesizing enzyme Raldh2 was also up-regulated and altered Hoxb1 expression indicated that RA levels are raised in R115866-treated embryos as reported for Tbx1 null mice. Tretinoin 18-20 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 41-47 17177861-0 2006 Rescue of morphogenetic defects and of retinoic acid signaling in retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Raldh2) mouse mutants by chimerism with wild-type cells. Tretinoin 39-52 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 66-95 17177861-0 2006 Rescue of morphogenetic defects and of retinoic acid signaling in retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Raldh2) mouse mutants by chimerism with wild-type cells. Tretinoin 39-52 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 97-103 17177861-3 2006 Retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2) is the main RA-synthesizing enzyme acting during development. Tretinoin 31-33 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 0-29 16979153-8 2006 Raldh2 knockout mouse embryos fail to initiate the expression of early kidney-specific genes, suggesting that implication of RA signalling in the early steps of kidney formation is evolutionary conserved in vertebrates. Tretinoin 125-127 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 0-6 16489341-2 2006 The location of somite segmentation depends on opposing signalling gradients of retinoic acid (generated by retinaldehyde dehydrogenase-2; Raldh2) anteriorly and fibroblast growth factor (FGF; generated by Fgf8) posteriorly. Tretinoin 80-93 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 108-137 16806149-2 2006 Here we show that mouse embryos deficient for the RA-synthesizing enzyme retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2), if rescued from early lethality by maternal RA supplementation between E7.5 and E8.5, lack active RA signaling in the foregut region. Tretinoin 50-52 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 73-102 16806149-2 2006 Here we show that mouse embryos deficient for the RA-synthesizing enzyme retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2), if rescued from early lethality by maternal RA supplementation between E7.5 and E8.5, lack active RA signaling in the foregut region. Tretinoin 50-52 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 104-110 16806149-2 2006 Here we show that mouse embryos deficient for the RA-synthesizing enzyme retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2), if rescued from early lethality by maternal RA supplementation between E7.5 and E8.5, lack active RA signaling in the foregut region. Tretinoin 104-106 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 73-102 16806149-2 2006 Here we show that mouse embryos deficient for the RA-synthesizing enzyme retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2), if rescued from early lethality by maternal RA supplementation between E7.5 and E8.5, lack active RA signaling in the foregut region. Tretinoin 104-106 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 73-102 16496350-8 2006 The conditional allele described herein is a genetic tool for studying tissue-specific, RALDH2-dependent functions of retinoic acid during development and in adult life. Tretinoin 118-131 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 88-94 16611695-7 2006 At early stages, Raldh2 expressed in mesenchyme and Raldh3 expressed in the retinal pigmented epithelium generate RA that delivers an essential signal to the neural retina required for morphogenetic movements that lead to ventral invagination of the optic cup. Tretinoin 114-116 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 17-23 16489341-2 2006 The location of somite segmentation depends on opposing signalling gradients of retinoic acid (generated by retinaldehyde dehydrogenase-2; Raldh2) anteriorly and fibroblast growth factor (FGF; generated by Fgf8) posteriorly. Tretinoin 80-93 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 139-145 16489341-6 2006 The late stages of somitogenesis were rescued in Raldh2(-/-) mouse embryos when the maternal diet was supplemented with retinoic acid until only the 6-somite stage, demonstrating that retinoic acid is only needed during node stages. Tretinoin 184-197 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 49-55 16489341-7 2006 A retinoic-acid-reporter transgene marking the action of maternal retinoic acid in rescued Raldh2(-/-) embryos revealed that the targets of retinoic-acid signalling during somitogenesis are the node ectoderm and the posterior neural plate, not the presomitic mesoderm. Tretinoin 2-15 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 91-97 16489341-7 2006 A retinoic-acid-reporter transgene marking the action of maternal retinoic acid in rescued Raldh2(-/-) embryos revealed that the targets of retinoic-acid signalling during somitogenesis are the node ectoderm and the posterior neural plate, not the presomitic mesoderm. Tretinoin 66-79 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 91-97 16489341-7 2006 A retinoic-acid-reporter transgene marking the action of maternal retinoic acid in rescued Raldh2(-/-) embryos revealed that the targets of retinoic-acid signalling during somitogenesis are the node ectoderm and the posterior neural plate, not the presomitic mesoderm. Tretinoin 140-153 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 91-97 16368932-0 2006 Retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2)-mediated retinoic acid synthesis regulates early mouse embryonic forebrain development by controlling FGF and sonic hedgehog signaling. Tretinoin 48-61 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 0-29 16368932-0 2006 Retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2)-mediated retinoic acid synthesis regulates early mouse embryonic forebrain development by controlling FGF and sonic hedgehog signaling. Tretinoin 48-61 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 31-37 16368932-2 2006 We show that the retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2) enzyme is responsible for RA synthesis in the mouse craniofacial region and forebrain between the 8- and 15-somite stages. Tretinoin 48-50 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 17-46 16026781-0 2005 Dorsal pancreas agenesis in retinoic acid-deficient Raldh2 mutant mice. Tretinoin 28-41 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 52-58 15872003-1 2005 Retinoic acid (RA) generated by Raldh2 in paraxial mesoderm is required for specification of the posterior hindbrain, including restriction of Hoxb1 expression to presumptive rhombomere 4 (r4). Tretinoin 0-13 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 32-38 15872003-7 2005 Our findings suggest that Raldh2 and Cyp26 generate shifting boundaries of RA activity, such that r3-r4 receives a short pulse of RA and r5-r8 receives a long pulse of RA. Tretinoin 75-77 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 26-32 15872003-1 2005 Retinoic acid (RA) generated by Raldh2 in paraxial mesoderm is required for specification of the posterior hindbrain, including restriction of Hoxb1 expression to presumptive rhombomere 4 (r4). Tretinoin 15-17 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 32-38 15872003-7 2005 Our findings suggest that Raldh2 and Cyp26 generate shifting boundaries of RA activity, such that r3-r4 receives a short pulse of RA and r5-r8 receives a long pulse of RA. Tretinoin 130-132 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 26-32 15175265-3 2004 We found that although the enzyme required for RA production during early embryogenesis, retinaldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (Raldh2), was expressed in the visceral endoderm, RA receptors alpha1 and alpha2 were expressed in endothelial cells in the mesoderm, indicating that they are direct targets of RA. Tretinoin 47-49 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 89-118 15872003-7 2005 Our findings suggest that Raldh2 and Cyp26 generate shifting boundaries of RA activity, such that r3-r4 receives a short pulse of RA and r5-r8 receives a long pulse of RA. Tretinoin 130-132 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 26-32 15739227-0 2005 Retinoic acid generated by Raldh2 in mesoderm is required for mouse dorsal endodermal pancreas development. Tretinoin 0-13 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 27-33 15739227-2 2005 We have analyzed mouse embryos carrying a null mutation of the gene encoding retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Raldh2), which controls RA synthesis. Tretinoin 132-134 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 77-106 15739227-2 2005 We have analyzed mouse embryos carrying a null mutation of the gene encoding retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Raldh2), which controls RA synthesis. Tretinoin 132-134 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 108-114 15739227-6 2005 Comparison of wild-type and Raldh2-/- embryos carrying an RA-reporter transgene demonstrates that RA activity is normally present throughout the endoderm except in the ventral-most region but is totally missing in endoderm of Raldh2-/- embryos. Tretinoin 58-60 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 28-34 15739227-6 2005 Comparison of wild-type and Raldh2-/- embryos carrying an RA-reporter transgene demonstrates that RA activity is normally present throughout the endoderm except in the ventral-most region but is totally missing in endoderm of Raldh2-/- embryos. Tretinoin 98-100 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 28-34 15739227-7 2005 Thus, Raldh2 expressed in adjacent splanchnic lateral plate mesoderm provides an RA signal to dorsal endoderm. Tretinoin 81-83 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 6-12 15739227-8 2005 Dorsal Pdx1 expression is rescued in Raldh2-/- embryos by low-dose maternal administration of RA, which preferentially restores RA-reporter expression in the dorsal endoderm. Tretinoin 94-96 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 37-43 15366004-1 2004 Three retinaldehyde dehydrogenase genes (Raldh1, Raldh2, and Raldh3) expressed in unique spatiotemporal patterns may control synthesis of retinoic acid (RA) needed for retina development. Tretinoin 138-151 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 49-55 15366004-1 2004 Three retinaldehyde dehydrogenase genes (Raldh1, Raldh2, and Raldh3) expressed in unique spatiotemporal patterns may control synthesis of retinoic acid (RA) needed for retina development. Tretinoin 153-155 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 49-55 15366004-3 2004 Here, we demonstrate that Raldh2-/- embryos lacking RA synthesis in the optic vesicle exhibit a failure in retina invagination needed to develop an optic cup. Tretinoin 52-54 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 26-32 15366004-6 2004 Maternal RA administration at the optic vesicle stage rescues optic cup formation in Raldh2-/- and Raldh1-/-:Raldh2-/- embryos, demonstrating that Raldh1 is not required during rescue of optic cup development. Tretinoin 9-11 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 85-91 15366004-6 2004 Maternal RA administration at the optic vesicle stage rescues optic cup formation in Raldh2-/- and Raldh1-/-:Raldh2-/- embryos, demonstrating that Raldh1 is not required during rescue of optic cup development. Tretinoin 9-11 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 109-115 15366004-8 2004 Thus, RA signaling initiates in the optic vesicle in response to Raldh2 but can be maintained during optic cup formation by a gene other than Raldh1, most likely Raldh3. Tretinoin 6-8 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 65-71 15652703-0 2005 Requirement of mesodermal retinoic acid generated by Raldh2 for posterior neural transformation. Tretinoin 26-39 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 53-59 15652703-2 2005 We have tested this hypothesis in retinaldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (Raldh2) null mutant mice lacking RA synthesis in the somitic mesoderm. Tretinoin 98-100 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 34-63 15652703-2 2005 We have tested this hypothesis in retinaldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (Raldh2) null mutant mice lacking RA synthesis in the somitic mesoderm. Tretinoin 98-100 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 65-71 15652703-4 2005 Spinal cord differentiation in Raldh2(-/-) embryos was rescued by maternal RA administration, and during the rescue RA was found to act directly in the neuroectoderm but not the somitic mesoderm. Tretinoin 75-77 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 31-37 15652703-5 2005 RA generated by Raldh2 in the somitic mesoderm was found to normally travel as a signal throughout the mesoderm and neuroectoderm of the trunk and into tailbud neuroectoderm, but not into tailbud mesoderm. Tretinoin 0-2 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 16-22 15652703-7 2005 Our findings demonstrate that RA synthesized in the somitic mesoderm is necessary for posterior neural transformation in the mouse and that Raldh2 provides the only source of RA for posterior development. Tretinoin 175-177 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 140-146 15175265-3 2004 We found that although the enzyme required for RA production during early embryogenesis, retinaldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (Raldh2), was expressed in the visceral endoderm, RA receptors alpha1 and alpha2 were expressed in endothelial cells in the mesoderm, indicating that they are direct targets of RA. Tretinoin 47-49 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 120-126 15175265-3 2004 We found that although the enzyme required for RA production during early embryogenesis, retinaldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (Raldh2), was expressed in the visceral endoderm, RA receptors alpha1 and alpha2 were expressed in endothelial cells in the mesoderm, indicating that they are direct targets of RA. Tretinoin 169-171 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 120-126 15175265-5 2004 Exogenous provision of RA or Fn to Raldh2(-/-) explants in whole mouse embryo culture restored vascular remodeling, visceral endoderm survival, as well as integrin alpha5 expression and its downstream signaling that controls endothelial growth. Tretinoin 23-25 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 35-41 12454286-0 2002 Retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2)- independent patterns of retinoic acid synthesis in the mouse embryo. Tretinoin 64-77 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 0-29 12930800-4 2003 This study shows that a rich source of RA lies around the hindbrain from the RA synthetic enzyme retinaldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (RALDH2) present in the surrounding meninges and mesenchyme by embryonic day 13. Tretinoin 39-41 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 97-126 12930800-4 2003 This study shows that a rich source of RA lies around the hindbrain from the RA synthetic enzyme retinaldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (RALDH2) present in the surrounding meninges and mesenchyme by embryonic day 13. Tretinoin 39-41 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 128-134 12808103-1 2003 Genetic studies have shown that retinoic acid (RA) signaling is required for mouse retina development, controlled in part by an RA-generating aldehyde dehydrogenase encoded by Aldh1a2 (Raldh2) expressed transiently in the optic vesicles. Tretinoin 32-45 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 176-183 12808103-1 2003 Genetic studies have shown that retinoic acid (RA) signaling is required for mouse retina development, controlled in part by an RA-generating aldehyde dehydrogenase encoded by Aldh1a2 (Raldh2) expressed transiently in the optic vesicles. Tretinoin 32-45 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 185-191 12808103-1 2003 Genetic studies have shown that retinoic acid (RA) signaling is required for mouse retina development, controlled in part by an RA-generating aldehyde dehydrogenase encoded by Aldh1a2 (Raldh2) expressed transiently in the optic vesicles. Tretinoin 47-49 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 176-183 12808103-1 2003 Genetic studies have shown that retinoic acid (RA) signaling is required for mouse retina development, controlled in part by an RA-generating aldehyde dehydrogenase encoded by Aldh1a2 (Raldh2) expressed transiently in the optic vesicles. Tretinoin 47-49 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 185-191 12702665-1 2003 Targeted inactivation of the mouse retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2/ALDH1a2), the enzyme responsible for early embryonic retinoic acid synthesis, is embryonic lethal because of defects in early heart morphogenesis. Tretinoin 126-139 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 35-64 12702665-1 2003 Targeted inactivation of the mouse retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2/ALDH1a2), the enzyme responsible for early embryonic retinoic acid synthesis, is embryonic lethal because of defects in early heart morphogenesis. Tretinoin 126-139 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 66-72 12702665-1 2003 Targeted inactivation of the mouse retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2/ALDH1a2), the enzyme responsible for early embryonic retinoic acid synthesis, is embryonic lethal because of defects in early heart morphogenesis. Tretinoin 126-139 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 73-80 12588859-1 2003 We have previously reported that the retinoic acid (RA) catabolizing enzyme CYP26A1 plays an important role in protecting tail bud tissues from inappropriate exposure to RA generated in the adjacent trunk tissues by RALDH2, and that Cyp26a1-null animals exhibit spina bifida and caudal agenesis. Tretinoin 37-50 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 216-222 12588859-1 2003 We have previously reported that the retinoic acid (RA) catabolizing enzyme CYP26A1 plays an important role in protecting tail bud tissues from inappropriate exposure to RA generated in the adjacent trunk tissues by RALDH2, and that Cyp26a1-null animals exhibit spina bifida and caudal agenesis. Tretinoin 52-54 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 216-222 12604205-6 2003 As for the second step of RA synthesis, a null mutation of RALDH2 is embryonic lethal, eliminating most mesodermal RA synthesis, whereas loss of RALDH1 eliminates RA synthesis only in the embryonic dorsal retina with no obvious effect on development. Tretinoin 26-28 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 59-65 12454286-0 2002 Retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2)- independent patterns of retinoic acid synthesis in the mouse embryo. Tretinoin 64-77 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 31-37 12454286-1 2002 Knockout of the murine retinoic acid (RA)-synthesizing enzyme retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2) gene leads to early morphogenetic defects and embryonic lethality. Tretinoin 23-36 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 62-91 12454286-1 2002 Knockout of the murine retinoic acid (RA)-synthesizing enzyme retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2) gene leads to early morphogenetic defects and embryonic lethality. Tretinoin 23-36 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 93-99 12454286-1 2002 Knockout of the murine retinoic acid (RA)-synthesizing enzyme retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2) gene leads to early morphogenetic defects and embryonic lethality. Tretinoin 38-40 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 62-91 12454286-1 2002 Knockout of the murine retinoic acid (RA)-synthesizing enzyme retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2) gene leads to early morphogenetic defects and embryonic lethality. Tretinoin 38-40 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 93-99 12454286-3 2002 To this end, the early defects of Raldh2(-/-) embryos were rescued through maternal dietary RA supplementation under conditions that do not interfere with the activity of the reporter transgene in WT embryos. Tretinoin 92-94 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 34-40 12454286-8 2002 These data suggest the existence of additional RA-generating activities in the differentiating forebrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord, which, along with RALDH1 and RALDH3, may account for the development of Raldh2(-/-) mutants once these have been rescued for early lethality. Tretinoin 47-49 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 206-212 11953746-6 2002 We show that Cyp26a1(-/-) mice are phenotypically rescued by heterozygous disruption of Aldh1a2 (also known as Raldh2), which encodes a retinaldehyde dehydrogenase responsible for the synthesis of retinoic acid during early embryonic development. Tretinoin 197-210 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 88-95 11959834-0 2002 Novel retinoic acid generating activities in the neural tube and heart identified by conditional rescue of Raldh2 null mutant mice. Tretinoin 6-19 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 107-113 11959834-2 2002 The RA biosynthetic enzyme RALDH2 catalyzes much, but not all, RA production in mouse embryos, as revealed here with Raldh2 null mutants carrying an RA-responsive transgene. Tretinoin 4-6 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 27-33 11959834-2 2002 The RA biosynthetic enzyme RALDH2 catalyzes much, but not all, RA production in mouse embryos, as revealed here with Raldh2 null mutants carrying an RA-responsive transgene. Tretinoin 4-6 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 117-123 11959834-2 2002 The RA biosynthetic enzyme RALDH2 catalyzes much, but not all, RA production in mouse embryos, as revealed here with Raldh2 null mutants carrying an RA-responsive transgene. Tretinoin 27-29 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 117-123 11959834-2 2002 The RA biosynthetic enzyme RALDH2 catalyzes much, but not all, RA production in mouse embryos, as revealed here with Raldh2 null mutants carrying an RA-responsive transgene. Tretinoin 27-29 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 117-123 11959834-3 2002 Targeted disruption of Raldh2 arrests development at midgestation and eliminates all RA synthesis except that associated with Raldh3 expression in the surface ectoderm of the eye field. Tretinoin 85-87 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 23-29 11959834-4 2002 Conditional rescue of Raldh2(-/-) embryos by limited maternal RA administration allows development to proceed and results in the establishment of additional sites of RA synthesis linked to Raldh1 expression in the dorsal retina and to Raldh3 expression in the ventral retina, olfactory pit and urinary tract. Tretinoin 62-64 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 22-28 11959834-4 2002 Conditional rescue of Raldh2(-/-) embryos by limited maternal RA administration allows development to proceed and results in the establishment of additional sites of RA synthesis linked to Raldh1 expression in the dorsal retina and to Raldh3 expression in the ventral retina, olfactory pit and urinary tract. Tretinoin 166-168 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 22-28 11959834-5 2002 Unexpectedly, conditionally rescued Raldh2(-/-) embryos also possess novel sites of RA synthesis in the neural tube and heart that do not correspond to expression of Raldh1-3. Tretinoin 84-86 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 36-42 11959834-9 2002 These novel RA-generating activities in the neural tube and heart fill gaps in our knowledge of how RA is generated spatiotemporally and may, along with Raldh1 and Raldh3, contribute to rescue of Raldh2(-/-) embryos by producing RA locally. Tretinoin 12-14 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 196-202 11959834-9 2002 These novel RA-generating activities in the neural tube and heart fill gaps in our knowledge of how RA is generated spatiotemporally and may, along with Raldh1 and Raldh3, contribute to rescue of Raldh2(-/-) embryos by producing RA locally. Tretinoin 100-102 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 196-202 11959834-9 2002 These novel RA-generating activities in the neural tube and heart fill gaps in our knowledge of how RA is generated spatiotemporally and may, along with Raldh1 and Raldh3, contribute to rescue of Raldh2(-/-) embryos by producing RA locally. Tretinoin 100-102 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 196-202 11953746-6 2002 We show that Cyp26a1(-/-) mice are phenotypically rescued by heterozygous disruption of Aldh1a2 (also known as Raldh2), which encodes a retinaldehyde dehydrogenase responsible for the synthesis of retinoic acid during early embryonic development. Tretinoin 197-210 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 111-117 11953746-10 2002 We provide genetic evidence that ALDH1A2 and CYP26A1 activities concurrently establish local embryonic retinoic acid levels that must be finely tuned to allow posterior organ development and to prevent spina bifida. Tretinoin 103-116 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 33-40 11245568-2 2001 To block endogenous RA synthesis, we have disrupted the gene encoding RALDH2, the first retinaldehyde dehydrogenase whose expression has been detected during early mouse post-implantation development. Tretinoin 20-22 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 70-76 11872149-2 2002 Following the reports that two members of the superfamily of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzymes, ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A2, were capable of catalyzing the oxidation of all-trans retinal to all-trans retinoic acid with submicromolar Km values, we initiated an investigation of the ability of 4-(N,N-dipropylamino)benzaldehyde (DPAB) to inhibit the oxidation of retinal by purified mouse and human ALDH1A1. Tretinoin 186-209 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 112-119 11744377-1 2002 Three retinaldehyde dehydrogenases (RALDH1, RALDH2 and RALDH3), which catalyze the oxidation of retinaldehyde into retinoic acid, have been shown to be differentially expressed during early embryogenesis. Tretinoin 115-128 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 44-50 11744378-8 2002 In addition, Cyp26B1 was expressed at specific levels of the differentiating upper and lower thoracic spinal cord, adjacent to the cervical and lumbar regions that express the RA-synthesizing enzyme RALDH-2. Tretinoin 176-178 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 199-206 11472854-0 2001 Specific expression of the retinoic acid-synthesizing enzyme RALDH2 during mouse inner ear development. Tretinoin 27-40 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 61-67 11472854-2 2001 Here, we report that the retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Raldh2) gene, whose product is involved in the enzymatic generation of retinoic acid (RA), exhibits a restricted expression pattern during mouse inner ear ontogenesis. Tretinoin 127-140 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 25-54 11472854-2 2001 Here, we report that the retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Raldh2) gene, whose product is involved in the enzymatic generation of retinoic acid (RA), exhibits a restricted expression pattern during mouse inner ear ontogenesis. Tretinoin 127-140 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 56-62 11472854-2 2001 Here, we report that the retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Raldh2) gene, whose product is involved in the enzymatic generation of retinoic acid (RA), exhibits a restricted expression pattern during mouse inner ear ontogenesis. Tretinoin 142-144 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 25-54 11472854-2 2001 Here, we report that the retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Raldh2) gene, whose product is involved in the enzymatic generation of retinoic acid (RA), exhibits a restricted expression pattern during mouse inner ear ontogenesis. Tretinoin 142-144 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 56-62 11014218-3 2000 Here, we report that two RA-synthesizing enzymes [aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (Aldh1) and retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Raldh2)] and a cytochrome P450 (Cyp26) that metabolizes vitamin A and RA into more polar metabolites exhibit dynamic expression patterns in the mouse uterus, both during the ovarian cycle and during early pregnancy. Tretinoin 25-27 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 87-116 11306068-9 2001 Injection of mRNAs for either mouse Raldh1 or Raldh2 stimulated retinoic acid synthesis in frog embryos at the blastula stage when retinoic acid is normally undetectable. Tretinoin 64-77 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 46-52 11306068-9 2001 Injection of mRNAs for either mouse Raldh1 or Raldh2 stimulated retinoic acid synthesis in frog embryos at the blastula stage when retinoic acid is normally undetectable. Tretinoin 131-144 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 46-52 11306068-12 2001 Overall, these studies provide genetic evidence that Adh1, Adh4, Raldh1, and Raldh2 encode retinoid dehydrogenases involved in retinoic acid synthesis in vivo. Tretinoin 127-140 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 77-83 11014218-3 2000 Here, we report that two RA-synthesizing enzymes [aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (Aldh1) and retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Raldh2)] and a cytochrome P450 (Cyp26) that metabolizes vitamin A and RA into more polar metabolites exhibit dynamic expression patterns in the mouse uterus, both during the ovarian cycle and during early pregnancy. Tretinoin 25-27 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 118-124 11014218-3 2000 Here, we report that two RA-synthesizing enzymes [aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (Aldh1) and retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Raldh2)] and a cytochrome P450 (Cyp26) that metabolizes vitamin A and RA into more polar metabolites exhibit dynamic expression patterns in the mouse uterus, both during the ovarian cycle and during early pregnancy. Tretinoin 188-190 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 87-116 11014218-3 2000 Here, we report that two RA-synthesizing enzymes [aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (Aldh1) and retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Raldh2)] and a cytochrome P450 (Cyp26) that metabolizes vitamin A and RA into more polar metabolites exhibit dynamic expression patterns in the mouse uterus, both during the ovarian cycle and during early pregnancy. Tretinoin 188-190 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 118-124 10753524-0 2000 Identification of endogenous retinoids, enzymes, binding proteins, and receptors during early postimplantation development in mouse: important role of retinal dehydrogenase type 2 in synthesis of all-trans-retinoic acid. Tretinoin 196-219 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 151-179 10753524-7 2000 We also detected retinal dehydrogenase type 2 (RALDH2), an enzyme capable of oxidising the final step in the all-trans-retinoic acid synthesis. Tretinoin 109-132 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 17-45 10753524-7 2000 We also detected retinal dehydrogenase type 2 (RALDH2), an enzyme capable of oxidising the final step in the all-trans-retinoic acid synthesis. Tretinoin 109-132 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 47-53 10753524-11 2000 Therefore, our results suggest that RALDH2 is a key regulator in initiating retinoic acid synthesis sometime between the mid-primitive streak stage and the late allantoic bud stage in mouse embryos. Tretinoin 76-89 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 36-42 10570467-3 1999 Here we show that injection of Xenopus embryos with mRNAs for either mouse Aldh1 or mouse Raldh2 stimulates RA synthesis at low and high levels, respectively, while injection of human ALDH3 mRNA is unable to stimulate any detectable level of RA synthesis. Tretinoin 108-110 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 90-96 10654602-1 2000 Targeted disruption of the murine retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Raldh2) gene precludes embryonic retinoic acid (RA) synthesis, leading to midgestational lethality (Niederreither, K., Subbarayan, V., Dolle, P. and Chambon, P. (1999). Tretinoin 98-111 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 34-63 10654602-1 2000 Targeted disruption of the murine retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Raldh2) gene precludes embryonic retinoic acid (RA) synthesis, leading to midgestational lethality (Niederreither, K., Subbarayan, V., Dolle, P. and Chambon, P. (1999). Tretinoin 98-111 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 65-71 10654602-1 2000 Targeted disruption of the murine retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Raldh2) gene precludes embryonic retinoic acid (RA) synthesis, leading to midgestational lethality (Niederreither, K., Subbarayan, V., Dolle, P. and Chambon, P. (1999). Tretinoin 113-115 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 34-63 10654602-1 2000 Targeted disruption of the murine retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Raldh2) gene precludes embryonic retinoic acid (RA) synthesis, leading to midgestational lethality (Niederreither, K., Subbarayan, V., Dolle, P. and Chambon, P. (1999). Tretinoin 113-115 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 65-71 10192400-3 1999 Here we show that production of RA by the retinaldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (Raldh2) enzyme is required for mouse embryo survival and early morphogenesis. Tretinoin 32-34 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 42-71 10192400-3 1999 Here we show that production of RA by the retinaldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (Raldh2) enzyme is required for mouse embryo survival and early morphogenesis. Tretinoin 32-34 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 73-79 10570467-9 1999 As previous findings indicate that embryonic RA is more abundant in trunk rather than cranial tissues, our findings suggest that Raldh2 and Aldh1 control distinct retinoid signaling pathways by stimulating high and low RA biosynthetic activities, respectively, in various trunk and cranial tissues. Tretinoin 45-47 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 129-135 9826179-2 1998 The choroid plexus, which expresses the RA-synthesizing retinaldehyde dehydrogenase RALDH-2, is likely to represent a diffusion source of RA for the closely apposed cerebellum, regulating its development. Tretinoin 40-42 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 84-91 9106168-0 1997 Restricted expression and retinoic acid-induced downregulation of the retinaldehyde dehydrogenase type 2 (RALDH-2) gene during mouse development. Tretinoin 26-39 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 70-104 9106168-0 1997 Restricted expression and retinoic acid-induced downregulation of the retinaldehyde dehydrogenase type 2 (RALDH-2) gene during mouse development. Tretinoin 26-39 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 106-113 9106168-1 1997 Retinaldehyde dehydrogenase type 2 (RALDH-2) was identified as a major retinoic acid generating enzyme in the early embryo. Tretinoin 71-84 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 0-34 9106168-1 1997 Retinaldehyde dehydrogenase type 2 (RALDH-2) was identified as a major retinoic acid generating enzyme in the early embryo. Tretinoin 71-84 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 36-43 9106168-2 1997 Here we report the expression domains of the RALDH-2 gene during mouse embryogenesis, which are likely to indicate regions of endogenous retinoic acid (RA) synthesis. Tretinoin 137-150 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 45-52 9106168-8 1997 Administration of a teratogenic dose of RA at embryonic day 8.5 results in downregulation of RALDH-2 transcript levels in caudal regions of the embryo, and may reflect a mechanism of negative feedback regulation of RA synthesis. Tretinoin 40-42 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 93-100 35063128-4 2022 In the absence of the RA-synthesizing enzyme Aldh1a2, a sensitive RA reporter revealed a hitherto unidentified residual RA signaling that specified neural fate. Tretinoin 66-68 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 45-52 35159132-3 2022 Retinol is first converted to retinaldehyde by retinol dehydrogenase 10 (RDH10) and then to RA by all three retinaldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH1A1, ALDH1A2, and ALDH1A3). Tretinoin 92-94 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 147-154 34643182-6 2021 We find that Tbx5/Aldh1a2-dependent RA signaling directly activates shh transcription in the adjacent foregut endoderm through a conserved MACS1 enhancer. Tretinoin 36-38 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 18-25 35063128-4 2022 In the absence of the RA-synthesizing enzyme Aldh1a2, a sensitive RA reporter revealed a hitherto unidentified residual RA signaling that specified neural fate. Tretinoin 120-122 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 45-52 31913463-3 2020 We show here that retinoic acid signaling is active during pituitary organogenesis and dependent on the pituitary transcription factor Prop1.Prop1-mutant mice show reduced expression of the aldehyde dehydrogenase gene Aldh1a2, which metabolizes the vitamin A-intermediate retinaldehyde into retinoic acid. Tretinoin 18-31 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 218-225 32548665-3 2020 Our previous studies found that the impaired retinoic acid signal decreased ALDH1A2, an essential synthetase of ATRA, in the spinal cord of ALS mice. Tretinoin 45-58 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 76-83 32587903-7 2020 This was accompanied by increased expression of mitochondrial electron transport chain subunit genes and the retinoic acid biosynthetic enzyme gene Raldh2. Tretinoin 109-122 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 148-154 31879367-4 2020 In this study, we show that endogenous expression of the retinoic acid (RA)-synthesizing enzyme retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2) is required for OPC generation and differentiation in the postnatal subcortical white matter. Tretinoin 57-70 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 96-125 31879367-4 2020 In this study, we show that endogenous expression of the retinoic acid (RA)-synthesizing enzyme retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2) is required for OPC generation and differentiation in the postnatal subcortical white matter. Tretinoin 57-70 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 127-133 31879367-4 2020 In this study, we show that endogenous expression of the retinoic acid (RA)-synthesizing enzyme retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2) is required for OPC generation and differentiation in the postnatal subcortical white matter. Tretinoin 72-74 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 96-125 31879367-4 2020 In this study, we show that endogenous expression of the retinoic acid (RA)-synthesizing enzyme retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2) is required for OPC generation and differentiation in the postnatal subcortical white matter. Tretinoin 72-74 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 127-133 31879367-9 2020 We demonstrate that loss of the retinoic acid (RA)-synthesizing enzyme retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2) decreased the number and differentiation of OL precursor cells (OPCs), leading to a deficit in OLs. Tretinoin 32-45 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 71-100 31879367-9 2020 We demonstrate that loss of the retinoic acid (RA)-synthesizing enzyme retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2) decreased the number and differentiation of OL precursor cells (OPCs), leading to a deficit in OLs. Tretinoin 32-45 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 102-108 31879367-9 2020 We demonstrate that loss of the retinoic acid (RA)-synthesizing enzyme retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2) decreased the number and differentiation of OL precursor cells (OPCs), leading to a deficit in OLs. Tretinoin 47-49 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 71-100 31879367-9 2020 We demonstrate that loss of the retinoic acid (RA)-synthesizing enzyme retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2) decreased the number and differentiation of OL precursor cells (OPCs), leading to a deficit in OLs. Tretinoin 47-49 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 102-108 33148658-5 2020 Mechanistically, LSD1 tightly controls retinoic acid signaling through regulation of Aldh1a2 expression level. Tretinoin 39-52 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 85-92 32849526-3 2020 In the intestine, dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in inducing Tregs specific to oral antigens, and they efficiently induce Tregs via production of retinoic acid (RA), a vitamin A metabolite, catalyzed by the enzyme retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2). Tretinoin 160-173 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 228-257 32849526-3 2020 In the intestine, dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in inducing Tregs specific to oral antigens, and they efficiently induce Tregs via production of retinoic acid (RA), a vitamin A metabolite, catalyzed by the enzyme retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2). Tretinoin 160-173 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 259-265 31913463-3 2020 We show here that retinoic acid signaling is active during pituitary organogenesis and dependent on the pituitary transcription factor Prop1.Prop1-mutant mice show reduced expression of the aldehyde dehydrogenase gene Aldh1a2, which metabolizes the vitamin A-intermediate retinaldehyde into retinoic acid. Tretinoin 291-304 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 218-225 30661714-6 2019 Healthy proximal tubules expressed retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2), a rate-limiting enzyme in retinoic acid biosynthesis. Tretinoin 101-114 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 66-72 30578278-9 2019 Decreasing retinoic acid synthesis by reducing Raldh2 (also known as Aldh1a2) gene dosage in Hectd1opm/+ heterozygous embryos reveals a genetic interaction. Tretinoin 11-24 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 47-53 30578278-9 2019 Decreasing retinoic acid synthesis by reducing Raldh2 (also known as Aldh1a2) gene dosage in Hectd1opm/+ heterozygous embryos reveals a genetic interaction. Tretinoin 11-24 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 Mus musculus 69-76