PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 17005281-0 2006 Mapping of the RXRalpha binding elements involved in retinoic acid induced transcriptional activation of the human SOX3 gene. Tretinoin 53-66 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 15-23 17132853-3 2006 The physiological effects of retinoic acids (RAs) are mediated by members of two families of nuclear receptors, the retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and the retinoid X receptors (RXRs), which are encoded by three distinct human genes, RXRalpha, RXRbeta, and RXRgamma. Tretinoin 29-43 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 233-241 16569247-2 2006 We show that these effects are potentiated by retinoic acid, an agonist of the retinoid-X-receptor. Tretinoin 46-59 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 79-98 16819395-8 2006 FXR activity requires heterodimerization with the 9-cis retinoid receptor (RXR alpha), and when bound by bile acids and retinoic acid, the complex effectively activates the transcription of BSEP. Tretinoin 120-133 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 75-84 16517099-9 2006 Transient transfection experiments with RXRalpha promoter-luciferase reporter constructs in SRB12-p9 skin SCC cells, as well as with PC3 prostate carcinoma cells, revealed that RXRalpha transcription is relatively weak compared to the positive control thymidine kinase (TK) promoter and is stimulated by treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), the biologically active form of vitamin A. Tretinoin 329-342 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 177-185 16517099-9 2006 Transient transfection experiments with RXRalpha promoter-luciferase reporter constructs in SRB12-p9 skin SCC cells, as well as with PC3 prostate carcinoma cells, revealed that RXRalpha transcription is relatively weak compared to the positive control thymidine kinase (TK) promoter and is stimulated by treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), the biologically active form of vitamin A. Tretinoin 344-348 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 177-185 16329108-1 2006 Retinoic acid-induced expression of the CD38 ectoenzyme receptor in HL-60 human myeloblastic leukemia cells is regulated by RARalpha and RXR, and enhanced or prevented cell differentiation depending on the level of expression per cell. Tretinoin 0-13 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 137-140 16757381-3 2006 Two retinoic acid response elements (RAREs) to which retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha) and retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARalpha) bind and activate transcription are present in the human PDK4 (hPDK4) proximal promoter. Tretinoin 4-17 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 53-78 16757381-3 2006 Two retinoic acid response elements (RAREs) to which retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha) and retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARalpha) bind and activate transcription are present in the human PDK4 (hPDK4) proximal promoter. Tretinoin 4-17 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 80-88 16436339-1 2006 Retinoic acid regulates keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation--processes that are disturbed in psoriatic skin--via binding to nuclear receptors, including retinoic acid receptor (RAR-alpha,beta,gamma) and the common heterodimer partners (RXR-alpha,beta,gamma). Tretinoin 0-13 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 247-256 15949696-1 2005 The effects of fatty acids and retinoic acid (carotene) on brown adipose tissue differentiation are mediated by activation of the transcription factors PPARgamma and PPARalpha in combination with RXR. Tretinoin 31-44 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 196-199 16204045-2 2005 However, elevating the levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP) confers onto retinoid X receptor (RXR)-selective agonists ("rexinoids") the ability to induce terminal granulocyte differentiation and apoptosis of all-trans retinoic acid-resistant and insensitive AML cells and patients" blasts. Tretinoin 209-222 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 64-83 16204045-2 2005 However, elevating the levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP) confers onto retinoid X receptor (RXR)-selective agonists ("rexinoids") the ability to induce terminal granulocyte differentiation and apoptosis of all-trans retinoic acid-resistant and insensitive AML cells and patients" blasts. Tretinoin 209-222 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 85-88 15817812-9 2005 Finally, the activity of FXR was mapped to a retinoic acid response element (RARE) site containing an imbedded farnesoid X response element (FXRE) on the human ICAM-1 promoter and FXR and retinoid X receptor were demonstrated to bind to this site. Tretinoin 45-58 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 188-207 15850806-12 2005 Electrophoretic mobility shift assays with nuclear extract from atRA-treated cells indicated the binding of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) heterodimers specifically to this response element. Tretinoin 64-68 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 141-160 15850806-12 2005 Electrophoretic mobility shift assays with nuclear extract from atRA-treated cells indicated the binding of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) heterodimers specifically to this response element. Tretinoin 64-68 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 162-165 15376324-6 2004 A putative retinoic acid response element in the 5" region of the NEDD9 promoter binds specifically to a RXR/RAR heterodimer and forms a higher molecular weight complex upon addition of a retinoic acid receptor-specific antibody. Tretinoin 11-24 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 105-108 16026305-4 2005 Retinoic acids (RA) are biologically active metabolites of vitamin A that regulate growth and differentiation of many cell types, by binding to specific nuclear receptors: the retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and the retinoid X receptors (RXR). Tretinoin 0-14 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 214-234 16026305-4 2005 Retinoic acids (RA) are biologically active metabolites of vitamin A that regulate growth and differentiation of many cell types, by binding to specific nuclear receptors: the retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and the retinoid X receptors (RXR). Tretinoin 0-14 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 236-239 16026305-4 2005 Retinoic acids (RA) are biologically active metabolites of vitamin A that regulate growth and differentiation of many cell types, by binding to specific nuclear receptors: the retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and the retinoid X receptors (RXR). Tretinoin 16-18 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 214-234 16026305-4 2005 Retinoic acids (RA) are biologically active metabolites of vitamin A that regulate growth and differentiation of many cell types, by binding to specific nuclear receptors: the retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and the retinoid X receptors (RXR). Tretinoin 16-18 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 236-239 15688020-0 2005 Retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide cooperate for apoptosis through phosphorylated RXR alpha. Tretinoin 0-13 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 82-91 15707588-2 2005 In this study, using luciferase assay of a reporter gene containing PPAR response element (PPRE), we found PPRE transactivity was additively induced by PPAR gamma activator (15dPGJ2) and RXR activator (9-cis retinoic acid, 9-cis RA). Tretinoin 208-221 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 187-190 15126328-5 2004 Retinoic acid (RA)-induced neuroblastoma cell proliferation/differentiation transition is associated with decreased CAK activity, as evidenced by a switch from CAK hyperphosphorylation of pRb and RXRalpha to hypophosphorylation of pRb and RXRalpha. Tretinoin 0-13 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 196-204 15284334-6 2004 The fact that binding of RXR-RAR on DR3 is not observed suggests that contrary to RA-induced granulocytic differentiation, 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)-mediated monocytic differentiation requires positive and negative transcriptional controls both likely mediated by the RXR-VDR heterodimer. Tretinoin 29-31 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 25-28 15640094-4 2004 The ligands of the retinoic acid acceptor RXR cannot induce teratogenesis, but they can enhance the teratogenesis of the RAR stimulus. Tretinoin 19-32 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 42-45 15317450-3 2004 The transcriptional antagonism of the 3"-n-butyl analogue was demonstrated by its blockade of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) beta expression induced by the RXRalpha/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma heterodimer complexed with an RXRalpha agonist plus the PPARgamma agonist ciglitazone and the inhibition of 9-cis-RA-induced coactivator SRC-1a recruitment to RXRalpha. Tretinoin 327-335 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 154-162 15234273-1 2004 Retinoic acid (RA) suppresses alpha 2(I) collagen expression in hepatic stellate cells through the binding of retinoic acid receptor beta (RAR beta) and retinoid X receptor alpha (RXR alpha) to RA response elements (RAREs) in the alpha 2(I) collagen promoter. Tretinoin 15-17 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 180-189 15234273-4 2004 In the presence of RA, the coactivators SRC-1 and GRIP-1 formed complexes with RAR beta and RXR alpha which are bound to an oligonucleotide specifying a RARE site in the promoter. Tretinoin 19-21 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 92-101 15234273-5 2004 In conclusion, this study shows that in the presence of retinoic acid, the coactivators SRC-1 and GRIP-1 augment, while the corepressor N-CoR abolishes, the suppressive effects of RAR beta and RXR alpha on alpha 2(I) collagen promoter activity. Tretinoin 56-69 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 193-202 15126328-5 2004 Retinoic acid (RA)-induced neuroblastoma cell proliferation/differentiation transition is associated with decreased CAK activity, as evidenced by a switch from CAK hyperphosphorylation of pRb and RXRalpha to hypophosphorylation of pRb and RXRalpha. Tretinoin 0-13 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 239-247 15126328-5 2004 Retinoic acid (RA)-induced neuroblastoma cell proliferation/differentiation transition is associated with decreased CAK activity, as evidenced by a switch from CAK hyperphosphorylation of pRb and RXRalpha to hypophosphorylation of pRb and RXRalpha. Tretinoin 15-17 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 196-204 15126328-5 2004 Retinoic acid (RA)-induced neuroblastoma cell proliferation/differentiation transition is associated with decreased CAK activity, as evidenced by a switch from CAK hyperphosphorylation of pRb and RXRalpha to hypophosphorylation of pRb and RXRalpha. Tretinoin 15-17 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 239-247 15126328-6 2004 Manipulation of MAT1 abundance shows that MAT1 reduction mimics RA-induced hypophosphorylation of pRb/RXRalpha, proliferation inhibition, and neurite outgrowth, whereas MAT1 overexpression resists these RA actions. Tretinoin 64-66 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 102-110 14592536-4 2004 In the present study, we found that formation of TR3/RXRalpha heterodimers in the nucleus and their subsequent translocation into the cytoplasm, in association with regulation of apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2, Bcl-xl and Bax, was critical for apoptosis induction by ATRA in breast cancer cells MCF-7. Tretinoin 269-273 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 53-61 15291358-4 2004 We treated HL-60 and ATRA-resistant HL-60 (HL-60R) cells that express mutated RARalpha and very low levels of RARbeta, RARgamma and RXRalpha with 4-HPR (2 microM) for 3 days. Tretinoin 21-25 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 132-140 14715249-7 2004 In investigating possible mechanisms for IGFBP-3 regulation of atRA-sensitivity, we found that IGFBP-3 blocked the formation of RAR:RXR heterodimers and disrupted the ligand-inducible receptor complex. Tretinoin 63-67 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 132-135 15318936-6 2004 Recently, RXR-selective ligands were discovered that inhibited proliferation of all-trans retinoic acid resistant breast cancer cells in vitro and caused regression of the disease in animal models. Tretinoin 90-103 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 10-13 15318936-11 2004 Interestingly, RXR-alpha-overexpressing retinoic acid resistant breast cancer cell lines were more sensitive to the effects of the RXR-selective compound. Tretinoin 40-53 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 15-24 15318936-11 2004 Interestingly, RXR-alpha-overexpressing retinoic acid resistant breast cancer cell lines were more sensitive to the effects of the RXR-selective compound. Tretinoin 40-53 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 15-18 15234273-1 2004 Retinoic acid (RA) suppresses alpha 2(I) collagen expression in hepatic stellate cells through the binding of retinoic acid receptor beta (RAR beta) and retinoid X receptor alpha (RXR alpha) to RA response elements (RAREs) in the alpha 2(I) collagen promoter. Tretinoin 0-13 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 153-178 15234273-1 2004 Retinoic acid (RA) suppresses alpha 2(I) collagen expression in hepatic stellate cells through the binding of retinoic acid receptor beta (RAR beta) and retinoid X receptor alpha (RXR alpha) to RA response elements (RAREs) in the alpha 2(I) collagen promoter. Tretinoin 0-13 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 180-189 15234273-1 2004 Retinoic acid (RA) suppresses alpha 2(I) collagen expression in hepatic stellate cells through the binding of retinoic acid receptor beta (RAR beta) and retinoid X receptor alpha (RXR alpha) to RA response elements (RAREs) in the alpha 2(I) collagen promoter. Tretinoin 15-17 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 153-178 14754907-8 2004 Specific RAR and RXR agonists were used to identify the nuclear receptor responsible for LPLA(2) induction by retinoic acid. Tretinoin 110-123 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 17-20 14754907-13 2004 Thus, an RXR-dependent pathway controls LPLA(2) gene activation by retinoic acid in THP-1 cells. Tretinoin 67-80 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 9-12 14668324-4 2004 However, we recently presented functional evidence suggesting that RXR in the TR/RXR heterodimer can bind its natural ligand 9-cis-RA in cells. Tretinoin 125-133 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 67-70 14668324-4 2004 However, we recently presented functional evidence suggesting that RXR in the TR/RXR heterodimer can bind its natural ligand 9-cis-RA in cells. Tretinoin 125-133 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 81-84 14592536-6 2004 However, in ATRA-induced gastric cancer cells MGC80-3, RXRalpha heterodimerised with RARalpha but not with TR3, and remained in the nucleus exerting its effect on cell cycle regulation. Tretinoin 12-16 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 55-63 14592536-8 2004 Furthermore, we demonstrated that the effects of ATRA depend on the relative levels of TR3, RARalpha and RXRalpha expression in cancer cells. Tretinoin 49-53 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 105-113 14592536-9 2004 In ATRA-induced MCF-7 cells, highly expressed TR3 favours the formation of TR3/RXRalpha and promotes the TR3/RXRalpha signalling pathway causing apoptosis; while in ATRA-induced MGC80-3 cells, high expression of RARalpha favours the formation of RARalpha/RXRalpha and promotes the RXRalpha/RARalpha signalling pathway in mediating cell cycle regulation. Tretinoin 3-7 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 79-87 14592536-9 2004 In ATRA-induced MCF-7 cells, highly expressed TR3 favours the formation of TR3/RXRalpha and promotes the TR3/RXRalpha signalling pathway causing apoptosis; while in ATRA-induced MGC80-3 cells, high expression of RARalpha favours the formation of RARalpha/RXRalpha and promotes the RXRalpha/RARalpha signalling pathway in mediating cell cycle regulation. Tretinoin 3-7 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 109-117 14592536-9 2004 In ATRA-induced MCF-7 cells, highly expressed TR3 favours the formation of TR3/RXRalpha and promotes the TR3/RXRalpha signalling pathway causing apoptosis; while in ATRA-induced MGC80-3 cells, high expression of RARalpha favours the formation of RARalpha/RXRalpha and promotes the RXRalpha/RARalpha signalling pathway in mediating cell cycle regulation. Tretinoin 3-7 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 109-117 14592536-9 2004 In ATRA-induced MCF-7 cells, highly expressed TR3 favours the formation of TR3/RXRalpha and promotes the TR3/RXRalpha signalling pathway causing apoptosis; while in ATRA-induced MGC80-3 cells, high expression of RARalpha favours the formation of RARalpha/RXRalpha and promotes the RXRalpha/RARalpha signalling pathway in mediating cell cycle regulation. Tretinoin 3-7 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 109-117 14585314-2 2003 In its active form, retinoic acid, it controls the regular differentiation as a ligand for retinoic acid receptors (RAR, RXR) and is involved in the integration (gap junction formation) of cell formations [Nature 37 (1994) 528; International Review of Cytology. Tretinoin 20-33 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 121-124 14691372-8 2003 Each of the three RXR isoforms alpha, beta, and gamma stimulated the expression of reporter constructs containing the FP330-3" sites in a 9-cis retinoic acid-dependent fashion in cells in culture. Tretinoin 144-157 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 18-21 14560020-4 2003 Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis in macrophages confirmed the binding of RARgamma/RXR to the ABCA1 promoter DR4 element in the presence of ATRA, with weaker binding of RARalpha/RXR, and no binding of RARbeta/RXR. Tretinoin 145-149 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 88-91 12824162-1 2003 In eukaryotic cells, liganded RAR gamma 2/RXR alpha heterodimers activate the transcription of retinoic acid (RA) target genes and then are degraded through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Tretinoin 95-108 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 42-51 12824162-1 2003 In eukaryotic cells, liganded RAR gamma 2/RXR alpha heterodimers activate the transcription of retinoic acid (RA) target genes and then are degraded through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Tretinoin 30-32 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 42-51 12941622-4 2003 At all sites, expression of additional RA signaling molecules (RARalpha, RARbeta, RXR, CRABP1) depends on M/E interactions. Tretinoin 39-41 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 82-85 14529416-2 2003 Retinoids are natural and synthetic compounds related to retinoic acid that act through interaction with two basic types of nuclear receptors: retinoic acid receptors (RAR alpha, RARbeta and RARgamma) and retinoid X receptors (RXRalpha, RXRbeta and RXRgamma) as retinoid-inducible transcription factors. Tretinoin 57-70 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 227-235 12839938-4 2003 Gel shift analysis indicated that PPAR gamma, in the presence of RXR, formed a strong complex with a retinoic acid response element (beta retinoic acid response element) in the RAR beta promoter. Tretinoin 101-114 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 65-68 12839938-4 2003 Gel shift analysis indicated that PPAR gamma, in the presence of RXR, formed a strong complex with a retinoic acid response element (beta retinoic acid response element) in the RAR beta promoter. Tretinoin 133-151 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 65-68 12904257-4 2003 RESULTS: Direct protein-protein interaction studies demonstrate that the RXR agonist 9-cis-RA increases interaction of CAR/RXR heterodimers with the coactivator SRC-3, but also inhibits the ability of TCPOBOP to increase and androstanol to decrease coactivator binding. Tretinoin 85-93 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 73-76 12904257-4 2003 RESULTS: Direct protein-protein interaction studies demonstrate that the RXR agonist 9-cis-RA increases interaction of CAR/RXR heterodimers with the coactivator SRC-3, but also inhibits the ability of TCPOBOP to increase and androstanol to decrease coactivator binding. Tretinoin 85-93 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 123-126 12844477-6 2003 Indinavir leads to altered retinoic acid signaling most likely by an activation of the RAR/RXR heterodimer, perhaps by displacing all-trans-retinoic acid from CRABP. Tretinoin 27-40 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 91-94 12844477-6 2003 Indinavir leads to altered retinoic acid signaling most likely by an activation of the RAR/RXR heterodimer, perhaps by displacing all-trans-retinoic acid from CRABP. Tretinoin 130-153 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 91-94 12485937-3 2003 We identified a retinoic acid response element (RARE) that lies nearly 900 nucleotides upstream of the CD18 transcriptional start site that was bound by the RA receptors, retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoic X receptor (RXR). Tretinoin 16-29 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 225-228 12846418-3 2003 9-cis retinoic acid (9-cis RA), a ligand for both retinoic acid receptor (RAR)/retinoic X receptor (RXR) heterodimers as well as RXR/RXR homodimers, markedly induced NIS mRNA expression in MCF-7 breast cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent fashion, with maximal levels occurring at 12 h. All-trans retinoic acid, ATRA, a RAR specific ligand had a similar potency. Tretinoin 6-19 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 100-103 12754300-5 2003 The effects of RA are mediated by a family of ligand-dependent transcription factors, the retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and the retinoid X receptors (RXR). Tretinoin 15-17 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 129-149 12754300-5 2003 The effects of RA are mediated by a family of ligand-dependent transcription factors, the retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and the retinoid X receptors (RXR). Tretinoin 15-17 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 151-154 12615055-5 2003 Combination of receptor-specific retinoid agonists for RXR and RAR alpha significantly enhanced the sensitivity of N-myc-amplified neuroblastoma cells to the growth inhibitory effects of aRA. Tretinoin 187-190 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 55-58 12642900-10 2003 These results explained that retinoic acids differentially affected the action of MRFs according to their types and RXRalpha specially elevates the expression of muscle specific genes by stimulating the action of MRF4. Tretinoin 29-43 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 116-124 12504905-1 2003 The biological actions of retinoic acid (RA) are mediated by retinoic acid receptors (RARalpha, RARbeta, and RARgamma) and retinoid X receptors (RXRalpha, RXRbeta, and RXRgamma). Tretinoin 26-39 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 145-153 12504905-1 2003 The biological actions of retinoic acid (RA) are mediated by retinoic acid receptors (RARalpha, RARbeta, and RARgamma) and retinoid X receptors (RXRalpha, RXRbeta, and RXRgamma). Tretinoin 41-43 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 145-153 12435367-10 2002 The RXR ligand, 9-cis-RA, is found in perichondrium, mineralised cartilage, and bone. Tretinoin 16-24 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 4-7 12648520-4 2003 In the absence of the RAR-specific ligand all trans retinoic acid, RAR/RXR heterodimers are associated with the nuclear receptor corepressor N-CoR or the related SMRT. Tretinoin 52-65 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 71-74 12000762-8 2002 These data indicate that the remarkably broad effects of RA on the growth and differentiation of many different epithelial cancers may well be explained by the ability of RA to differentially regulate the activity of RAR/RXR, AP-1, and beta-catenin/TCF pathways. Tretinoin 57-59 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 221-224 12000762-8 2002 These data indicate that the remarkably broad effects of RA on the growth and differentiation of many different epithelial cancers may well be explained by the ability of RA to differentially regulate the activity of RAR/RXR, AP-1, and beta-catenin/TCF pathways. Tretinoin 171-173 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 221-224 11983505-0 2002 RAR-RXR selectivity and biological activity of new retinoic acid analogues with heterocyclic or polycyclic aromatic systems. Tretinoin 51-64 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 4-7 11945128-0 2002 Discovery and design of retinoic acid receptor and retinoid X receptor class- and subtype-selective synthetic analogs of all-trans-retinoic acid and 9-cis-retinoic acid. Tretinoin 121-144 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 51-70 11929748-4 2002 STAT5b-RARalpha bound to retinoic acid response elements (RAREs) both as a homodimer and as a heterodimer with RXRalpha and inhibited wild-type RARalpha/RXRalpha transactivation. Tretinoin 25-38 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 153-161 12397610-8 2002 The possibility that RXR-homodimers mediate, in part, the induction of CRABP-II by 9-cis RA and RXR-specific ligands is discussed. Tretinoin 72-74 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 21-24 11839811-0 2002 Chromosomal integration of retinoic acid response elements prevents cooperative transcriptional activation by retinoic acid receptor and retinoid X receptor. Tretinoin 27-40 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 137-156 11792692-6 2002 Thus, the increased heterodimerization of RXR with RAR by retinoic acid treatment seemed to reduce the RXR available for CAR heterodimerization, resulting in the repression of CAR activity. Tretinoin 58-71 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 42-45 11792692-6 2002 Thus, the increased heterodimerization of RXR with RAR by retinoic acid treatment seemed to reduce the RXR available for CAR heterodimerization, resulting in the repression of CAR activity. Tretinoin 58-71 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 103-106 12503607-1 2002 The ligand-activated retinoid receptors RXR and RAR control development, homeostasis and disease by regulating transcription of retinoic acid (RA) responsive target genes or crosstalk with other signalling pathways. Tretinoin 128-141 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 40-43 12397610-8 2002 The possibility that RXR-homodimers mediate, in part, the induction of CRABP-II by 9-cis RA and RXR-specific ligands is discussed. Tretinoin 72-74 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 96-99 11812818-1 2001 Retinoic acid (RA) binds and activates retinoid X receptor (RXR)/retinoic acid receptor (RAR) heterodimers, which regulate the transcription of genes that have retinoic acid response elements (RARE). Tretinoin 0-13 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 39-58 11812818-1 2001 Retinoic acid (RA) binds and activates retinoid X receptor (RXR)/retinoic acid receptor (RAR) heterodimers, which regulate the transcription of genes that have retinoic acid response elements (RARE). Tretinoin 0-13 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 60-63 11812818-1 2001 Retinoic acid (RA) binds and activates retinoid X receptor (RXR)/retinoic acid receptor (RAR) heterodimers, which regulate the transcription of genes that have retinoic acid response elements (RARE). Tretinoin 15-17 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 39-58 11812818-1 2001 Retinoic acid (RA) binds and activates retinoid X receptor (RXR)/retinoic acid receptor (RAR) heterodimers, which regulate the transcription of genes that have retinoic acid response elements (RARE). Tretinoin 15-17 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 60-63 11812818-1 2001 Retinoic acid (RA) binds and activates retinoid X receptor (RXR)/retinoic acid receptor (RAR) heterodimers, which regulate the transcription of genes that have retinoic acid response elements (RARE). Tretinoin 65-78 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 39-58 11812818-1 2001 Retinoic acid (RA) binds and activates retinoid X receptor (RXR)/retinoic acid receptor (RAR) heterodimers, which regulate the transcription of genes that have retinoic acid response elements (RARE). Tretinoin 65-78 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 60-63 11683493-0 2001 Retinoic acid causes MEK-dependent RAF phosphorylation through RARalpha plus RXR activation in HL-60 cells. Tretinoin 0-13 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 77-80 11479234-10 2001 These results suggest that an RXR-selective retinoic acid decreases SCCHN proliferation in part by interfering with TGF-alpha/EGFR autocrine signaling. Tretinoin 44-57 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 30-33 11690641-8 2001 This study indicates that food compounds such as phytanic acid and DHA that are RXR-agonists and have an impact on intestinal CYP26 gene expression and metabolism of all-trans-RA in intestinal cells. Tretinoin 176-178 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 80-83 11331070-6 2001 Retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha) was also decreased, albeit to a lesser extent, in RA-treated cells. Tretinoin 87-89 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 0-25 11331070-6 2001 Retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha) was also decreased, albeit to a lesser extent, in RA-treated cells. Tretinoin 87-89 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 27-35 11331070-8 2001 An electrophoretic mobility shift assay, using nuclear extracts from RA-treated cells, showed that a reduction in complex formation with hormone response elements correlated with the reduction of RAR and RXR protein. Tretinoin 69-71 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 204-207 10860396-2 2000 CRABPII, when combined with its retinoic acid (RA) ligand, interacts specifically with the liganded RA receptor complex (RAR.RXR), which is bound to the RA response elements of particular genes in order to greatly activate their expression. Tretinoin 32-45 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 125-128 11234892-8 2001 A 24-h exposure to ATRA increased the expression of RAR alpha, RAR beta, RAR gamma, and RXR alpha in 46%, 77%, 30%, and 38% of the samples, respectively. Tretinoin 19-23 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 88-97 11332745-0 2001 Nongenomic vitamin D3 analogs activating ERK2 in HL-60 cells show that retinoic acid-induced differentiation and cell cycle arrest require early concurrent MAPK and RAR and RXR activation. Tretinoin 71-84 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 173-176 11036068-7 2001 Upon treatment of the cells with RA, time-dependent increases in the ratio of RARbeta to RXRalpha and the phosphorylated form of Sp1 were observed. Tretinoin 33-35 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 89-97 11212249-0 2001 Increased retinoic acid responsiveness in lung carcinoma cells that are nonresponsive despite the presence of endogenous retinoic acid receptor (RAR) beta by expression of exogenous retinoid receptors retinoid X receptor alpha, RAR alpha, and RAR gamma. Tretinoin 10-23 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 201-226 11212249-6 2001 RXR alpha and RAR alpha enhanced growth inhibition by all-trans-retinoic acid or 9-cis-retinoic acid, whereas RAR gamma was less effective, and RAR beta was ineffective. Tretinoin 54-77 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 11027556-2 2000 This study demonstrates that HNF1alpha as well as HNF4alpha genes contain a direct repeat with a space of one nucleotide (DR1)-retinoic acid (RA) response element that can be bound and regulated by RA and retinoid x receptor alpha (RXRalpha) complex. Tretinoin 127-140 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 205-230 11027556-2 2000 This study demonstrates that HNF1alpha as well as HNF4alpha genes contain a direct repeat with a space of one nucleotide (DR1)-retinoic acid (RA) response element that can be bound and regulated by RA and retinoid x receptor alpha (RXRalpha) complex. Tretinoin 127-140 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 232-240 11027556-2 2000 This study demonstrates that HNF1alpha as well as HNF4alpha genes contain a direct repeat with a space of one nucleotide (DR1)-retinoic acid (RA) response element that can be bound and regulated by RA and retinoid x receptor alpha (RXRalpha) complex. Tretinoin 142-144 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 205-230 11027556-2 2000 This study demonstrates that HNF1alpha as well as HNF4alpha genes contain a direct repeat with a space of one nucleotide (DR1)-retinoic acid (RA) response element that can be bound and regulated by RA and retinoid x receptor alpha (RXRalpha) complex. Tretinoin 142-144 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 232-240 11027556-8 2000 These data suggest that the differentiation effect of RA on hepatocyte may be due to direct interaction of RXRalpha with the RA-responsive elements on the HNF1alpha and HNF4alpha genes. Tretinoin 54-56 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 107-115 11027556-8 2000 These data suggest that the differentiation effect of RA on hepatocyte may be due to direct interaction of RXRalpha with the RA-responsive elements on the HNF1alpha and HNF4alpha genes. Tretinoin 125-127 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 107-115 10979971-1 2000 Retinoic acid (RA) signaling is mediated by its nuclear receptors RXR and RAR, which bind to their cognate response elements as a heterodimer, RXR/RAR, and act in concert with coregulatory factors to regulate gene transcription on ligand binding. Tretinoin 0-13 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 66-69 10979971-1 2000 Retinoic acid (RA) signaling is mediated by its nuclear receptors RXR and RAR, which bind to their cognate response elements as a heterodimer, RXR/RAR, and act in concert with coregulatory factors to regulate gene transcription on ligand binding. Tretinoin 0-13 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 143-146 10979971-1 2000 Retinoic acid (RA) signaling is mediated by its nuclear receptors RXR and RAR, which bind to their cognate response elements as a heterodimer, RXR/RAR, and act in concert with coregulatory factors to regulate gene transcription on ligand binding. Tretinoin 15-17 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 66-69 10979971-1 2000 Retinoic acid (RA) signaling is mediated by its nuclear receptors RXR and RAR, which bind to their cognate response elements as a heterodimer, RXR/RAR, and act in concert with coregulatory factors to regulate gene transcription on ligand binding. Tretinoin 15-17 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 143-146 11022230-1 2000 Retinoic acids (RA) play a key role in myeloid differentiation through their agonistic nuclear receptors (RAR alpha/RXR) to modulate the expression of target genes. Tretinoin 0-14 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 116-119 11022230-3 2000 Pharmacologic dosage of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) directly modulates PML-RAR alpha and its interaction with the nuclear receptor co-repressor complex, which restores the wild-type RAR alpha/RXR regulatory pathway and induces the transcriptional expression of downstream genes. Tretinoin 24-47 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 195-198 11022230-3 2000 Pharmacologic dosage of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) directly modulates PML-RAR alpha and its interaction with the nuclear receptor co-repressor complex, which restores the wild-type RAR alpha/RXR regulatory pathway and induces the transcriptional expression of downstream genes. Tretinoin 49-53 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 195-198 10854244-3 2000 Accumulating evidence now suggests that RXRalpha is a critical receptor component mediating the effects of RA during embryonic development. Tretinoin 107-109 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 40-48 10854244-6 2000 In particular, we found that RA treatment resulted in a biphasic up-regulation of RXRalpha expression in NT2 cells. Tretinoin 29-31 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 82-90 11278635-1 2001 Receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP140) interacts with retinoic acid receptor and retinoid X receptor in a ligand-dependent manner and suppresses retinoic acid (RA) induction of its target genes. Tretinoin 163-165 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 84-103 11278635-4 2001 RA induces coimmunoprecipitation of histone deacetylase 3 with retinoic acid receptor/retinoid X receptor in the presence of wild type RIP140, but not in the presence of the C-terminal motif-deleted RIP140. Tretinoin 0-2 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 86-105 11278809-0 2001 Selective roles of retinoic acid receptor and retinoid x receptor in the suppression of apoptosis by all-trans-retinoic acid. Tretinoin 101-124 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 46-65 11278809-4 2001 In this report, we investigated the involvement of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) in the antiapoptotic effect of t-RA in H(2)O(2)-exposed cells. Tretinoin 141-145 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 84-103 11278809-4 2001 In this report, we investigated the involvement of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) in the antiapoptotic effect of t-RA in H(2)O(2)-exposed cells. Tretinoin 141-145 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 105-108 11278809-6 2001 Similarly, transient transfection with a dominant-negative mutant of RAR or a dominant-negative RXR diminished the antiapoptotic effect of t-RA. Tretinoin 139-143 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 96-99 11278809-10 2001 Furthermore, suppression of JNK activation by t-RA was observed even in the presence of RAR and RXR antagonists. Tretinoin 46-50 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 96-99 11245337-9 2001 In T-47D breast cancer cells, which express RARalpha, RXRalpha and ER, 17beta-HSD reductive activity increased 1.76-fold (p < 0.001), five days following treatment with 10 nM retinoic acid. Tretinoin 178-191 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 54-62 11211936-0 2001 Retinoic acid-induced blr1 expression requires RARalpha, RXR, and MAPK activation and uses ERK2 but not JNK/SAPK to accelerate cell differentiation. Tretinoin 0-13 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 57-60 11211936-2 2001 RA-induced myeloid differentiation and G1/G0 growth arrest of HL-60 cells is known to require the activation of the RARalpha and RXR retinoid receptors, as well as activation of the MAPK, ERK2. Tretinoin 0-2 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 129-132 11464866-2 2001 The cellular effects of 9-cis RA may, in part, result from activation of retinoid X receptor (RXR) homodimers. Tretinoin 30-32 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 73-92 11464866-2 2001 The cellular effects of 9-cis RA may, in part, result from activation of retinoid X receptor (RXR) homodimers. Tretinoin 30-32 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 94-97 11697231-5 2001 RXR ligands include naturally occurring retinoic acid and synthetic rexinoids. Tretinoin 40-53 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 0-3 11162439-4 2000 In vivo transfection experiments in COS cells indicate that cyclic AMP represses retinoic acid-mediated transcriptional activation of RXRalpha and this repression is mediated by serine 27. Tretinoin 81-94 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 134-142 11162441-6 2000 Three regions in the CYP4F2 gene are responsive to retinoic acid with the DR1 RARE element (CCTCCT G TGACCT) at -708 able to bind RXRalpha/RARalpha heterodimers and mediate the repressive response of ATRA. Tretinoin 51-64 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 130-138 11162441-7 2000 These results indicate that retinoic acid can regulate CYP4F2 gene activity with RXRalpha heterodimers stimulating while RARalpha functioning to repress CYP4F2 gene expression. Tretinoin 28-41 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 81-89 10860396-2 2000 CRABPII, when combined with its retinoic acid (RA) ligand, interacts specifically with the liganded RA receptor complex (RAR.RXR), which is bound to the RA response elements of particular genes in order to greatly activate their expression. Tretinoin 1-3 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 125-128 10860396-2 2000 CRABPII, when combined with its retinoic acid (RA) ligand, interacts specifically with the liganded RA receptor complex (RAR.RXR), which is bound to the RA response elements of particular genes in order to greatly activate their expression. Tretinoin 47-49 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 125-128 10698945-0 2000 Structure of the RXR-RAR DNA-binding complex on the retinoic acid response element DR1. Tretinoin 52-65 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 17-20 10786691-3 2000 The actions of retinoic acid in skin keratinocytes are mediated primarily by nuclear retinoic acid receptor gamma (RARgamma) and retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha). Tretinoin 15-28 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 129-154 10786691-3 2000 The actions of retinoic acid in skin keratinocytes are mediated primarily by nuclear retinoic acid receptor gamma (RARgamma) and retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha). Tretinoin 15-28 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 156-164 10692469-3 2000 Previously, we have shown that the Oct-3/4 promoter harbors an RA-responsive element, RAREoct, which functions in EC cells as a binding site for positive regulators of transcription, such as RAR and RXR. Tretinoin 63-65 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 199-202 10698945-2 2000 We describe the 1.70 A resolution structure of the ternary complex of RXR and RAR DNA-binding regions in complex with the retinoic acid response element DR1. Tretinoin 122-135 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 70-73 10721822-1 2000 Retinoic acid, vitamin D3 and triiodothyronine regulate keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation--processes that are disturbed in psoriatic skin--via binding to nuclear receptors for retinoic acid (RAR-alpha,-gamma), vitamin D3 (VDR), thyroid hormone (TR-alpha,-beta) plus the common heterodimer partners, the 9-cis-retinoic acid receptors (RXR-alpha,-beta). Tretinoin 0-13 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 347-356 10674634-2 2000 Differentiation and the inhibition of proliferation by 9-cis RA, but not all-trans RA, were inhibited by the RXR-homodimer antagonist LG745. Tretinoin 61-63 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 109-112 10674634-4 2000 These data suggest that the effects of 9-cis RA are mediated via both RXR-homodimers and heterodimers. Tretinoin 45-47 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 70-73 10721822-1 2000 Retinoic acid, vitamin D3 and triiodothyronine regulate keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation--processes that are disturbed in psoriatic skin--via binding to nuclear receptors for retinoic acid (RAR-alpha,-gamma), vitamin D3 (VDR), thyroid hormone (TR-alpha,-beta) plus the common heterodimer partners, the 9-cis-retinoic acid receptors (RXR-alpha,-beta). Tretinoin 189-202 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 347-356 11595822-3 2000 However, VDR/RXR heterodimers bind in a transcriptionally unproductive manner and without a defined polarity on certain RA response elements, and under these circumstances vitamin D inhibits the response to RA. Tretinoin 207-209 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 13-16 10490651-1 1999 Two sorts of proteins bind to, and mediate the developmental and homeostatic effects of, retinoic acid (RA): the RAR and RXR nuclear receptors, which act as ligand-dependent transcriptional regulators, and the cellular RA binding proteins (CRABPI and CRABPII). Tretinoin 89-102 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 121-124 10714240-2 2000 The biological action of retinoic acid and synthetic analogs, referred to as retinoids, is mediated by RAR alpha, RAR beta, or RAR gamma and/or by RXR alpha, RXR beta, or RXR gamma, all being nuclear receptors. Tretinoin 25-38 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 147-156 10637480-1 2000 Retinoic acid receptor (RA) heterodimer (RAR/RXR) activities have been shown to be repressed by transcriptional co-repressor, SMRT/N-CoR, in the absence of the ligand while upon all-trans retionic acid (ATRA) treatment, SMRT/N-CoR is dissociated from RARalpha leading to gene expression by the recruitment of transcriptional co-activators to the transcriptional complex. Tretinoin 188-201 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 45-48 10637480-1 2000 Retinoic acid receptor (RA) heterodimer (RAR/RXR) activities have been shown to be repressed by transcriptional co-repressor, SMRT/N-CoR, in the absence of the ligand while upon all-trans retionic acid (ATRA) treatment, SMRT/N-CoR is dissociated from RARalpha leading to gene expression by the recruitment of transcriptional co-activators to the transcriptional complex. Tretinoin 203-207 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 45-48 10608897-1 1999 Retinoic acid (RA) regulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation is mediated, at least in part, through two related nuclear receptors, RAR and RXR. Tretinoin 0-13 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 154-157 10608897-1 1999 Retinoic acid (RA) regulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation is mediated, at least in part, through two related nuclear receptors, RAR and RXR. Tretinoin 15-17 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 154-157 10585260-7 1999 As seen in cells induced to differentiate by the RAR agonist all-trans-retinoic acid, RXR activation led to an increase in the number of cells in G1 phase. Tretinoin 61-84 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 86-89 10490651-1 1999 Two sorts of proteins bind to, and mediate the developmental and homeostatic effects of, retinoic acid (RA): the RAR and RXR nuclear receptors, which act as ligand-dependent transcriptional regulators, and the cellular RA binding proteins (CRABPI and CRABPII). Tretinoin 104-106 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 121-124 10935488-4 1999 Retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha), a 9-cis-retinoic acid stimulated (9-cis-RA) heterodimeric partner of PPARgamma, was also co-expressed in all TCCa tissues and cell lines. Tretinoin 72-80 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 0-25 10935488-4 1999 Retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha), a 9-cis-retinoic acid stimulated (9-cis-RA) heterodimeric partner of PPARgamma, was also co-expressed in all TCCa tissues and cell lines. Tretinoin 72-80 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 27-35 10479651-3 1999 In the current study, we show 9-cis retinoic acid (RA), a ligand for the nuclear hormone receptor retinoid X receptor (RXR) and retinoic acid receptor (RAR), markedly induces the expression of MCP-1. Tretinoin 51-53 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 119-122 10479651-6 1999 Expression of PPARgamma, a heterodimer partner of RXR, is also markedly induced by RA in THP-1 cells. Tretinoin 83-85 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 50-53 10222145-10 1999 As in wild-type HL-60, retinoic acid induced the early down-regulation of RXRalpha in mutant transfectants similar to wild-type middle T transfectants, consistent with no loss or gain of relevant functions due to the mutations. Tretinoin 23-36 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 74-82 10610177-2 1999 Here we show that PML, Tif1alpha and RXRalpha/RARalpha function together in a transcription complex that is dependent on retinoic acid (RA). Tretinoin 121-134 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 37-45 10610177-2 1999 Here we show that PML, Tif1alpha and RXRalpha/RARalpha function together in a transcription complex that is dependent on retinoic acid (RA). Tretinoin 46-48 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 37-45 10336890-1 1999 Heterodimers of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) bind in a transcriptionally unproductive manner to the retinoic acid response element present in the retinoic acid receptor-beta2 promoter. Tretinoin 135-148 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 54-73 10336890-1 1999 Heterodimers of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) bind in a transcriptionally unproductive manner to the retinoic acid response element present in the retinoic acid receptor-beta2 promoter. Tretinoin 135-148 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 75-78 10367173-2 1999 PURPOSE: 9-cis retinoic acid (ALRT 1057; 9cRA) is a promising new retinoid that binds to all known retinoic acid receptors (RAR and RXR), potentially providing it with a broader spectrum of biologic activity than either 13-cis retinoic acid or all-trans retinoic acid. Tretinoin 15-28 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 132-135 9973257-1 1999 In the presence of retinoic acid (RA), the retinoid receptors, retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR), are able to up-regulate transcription directly by binding to RA-responsive elements on the promoters of responsive genes. Tretinoin 19-32 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 96-115 10202931-3 1999 Ultraviolet irradiation caused a near-total loss of retinoic acid induction of two RAR/RXR target genes, cellular retinoic acid binding protein-II and RA 4-hydroxylase, but did not affect 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 induction of the vitamin D receptor/RXR-regulated gene vitamin D 24-hydroxylase. Tretinoin 52-65 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 87-90 10068679-14 1999 We conclude that retinoids or combination of retinoids with specificities for both RAR and RXR may markedly enhance the ability of ATRA to inhibit clonal growth and induce differentiation of HL-60 and NB4 leukemic cells. Tretinoin 131-135 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 91-94 10026278-1 1999 The all-trans retinoic acid and 9-cis retinoic acid receptors (RAR and RXR, respectively) belong to a family of ligand inducible transcription factors, which exert their effect via binding to hormone response elements. Tretinoin 14-27 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 71-74 9973257-1 1999 In the presence of retinoic acid (RA), the retinoid receptors, retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR), are able to up-regulate transcription directly by binding to RA-responsive elements on the promoters of responsive genes. Tretinoin 19-32 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 117-120 9973257-1 1999 In the presence of retinoic acid (RA), the retinoid receptors, retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR), are able to up-regulate transcription directly by binding to RA-responsive elements on the promoters of responsive genes. Tretinoin 34-36 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 96-115 9973257-1 1999 In the presence of retinoic acid (RA), the retinoid receptors, retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR), are able to up-regulate transcription directly by binding to RA-responsive elements on the promoters of responsive genes. Tretinoin 34-36 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 117-120 9890568-1 1999 Retinoic acid exerts pleiotropic effects by acting through two families of nuclear receptors, RAR and RXR. Tretinoin 0-13 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 102-105 10208011-5 1999 In the nucleus, the RA signal is transduced by binding to a heterodimeric pair of retinoid receptors (RAR/RXR). Tretinoin 20-22 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 106-109 10609868-3 1999 Both RAR and VDR form heterodimers preferentially with the nuclear receptor for 9-cis RA, referred to as the retinoid X receptor (RXR), but functional RAR-VDR heterodimers have also been observed. Tretinoin 5-7 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 109-128 10609868-3 1999 Both RAR and VDR form heterodimers preferentially with the nuclear receptor for 9-cis RA, referred to as the retinoid X receptor (RXR), but functional RAR-VDR heterodimers have also been observed. Tretinoin 5-7 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 130-133 9879990-11 1998 Our results show that the nuclear receptors and RXR-alpha play a critical role in mediating growth suppression by RA in ovarian cancer cells. Tretinoin 114-116 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 48-57 9281352-10 1997 Conversely, several combinations of RAR/RXR closely mimicked the differentiation effects observed with all-trans retinoic acid. Tretinoin 113-126 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 40-43 9716179-2 1998 The effects of RA are mediated by a family of ligand-dependent transcription factors, the RA receptors and the retinoid X receptors (RXR). Tretinoin 15-17 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 111-131 9716179-2 1998 The effects of RA are mediated by a family of ligand-dependent transcription factors, the RA receptors and the retinoid X receptors (RXR). Tretinoin 15-17 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 133-136 9716179-10 1998 RXR-gamma expression produced significant reduction in levels of RA-responsive genes including the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21Cip1/WAF1 and p27Kip1, resulting in increased cdc2 and cdk2 kinase activity and RB phosphorylation. Tretinoin 65-67 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 0-3 9439457-2 1997 Some of the genes reported to be involved in this disorder, such as those for lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and apolipoprotein (apo) C-III, are controlled by a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)/retinoic acid receptor X (RXR) regulatory system, which is retinoic acid dependent. Tretinoin 205-218 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 231-234 9345016-0 1997 Induction of apoptosis without differentiation by retinoic acid in PLB-985 cells requires the activation of both RAR and RXR. Tretinoin 50-63 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 121-124 9326603-5 1997 The transcriptional synergy by TSA and RA required the RA-responsive element and a functional retinoid X receptor (RXR)/retinoic acid receptor (RAR) heterodimer, both obligatory for RA-dependent transcription. Tretinoin 39-41 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 94-113 9326603-5 1997 The transcriptional synergy by TSA and RA required the RA-responsive element and a functional retinoid X receptor (RXR)/retinoic acid receptor (RAR) heterodimer, both obligatory for RA-dependent transcription. Tretinoin 39-41 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 115-118 9326603-8 1997 Finally, we show that TSA alone or in combination with RA increases in vivo endonuclease sensitivity within the RA-responsive promoter, suggesting that TSA treatment might alter a local chromatin environment to enhance RXR/RAR heterodimer action. Tretinoin 55-57 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 219-222 9344589-0 1997 Stable transfection of U937 cells with sense or antisense RXR-alpha cDNA suggests a role for RXR-alpha in the control of monoblastic differentiation induced by retinoic acid and vitamin D. Tretinoin 160-173 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 58-67 9344589-0 1997 Stable transfection of U937 cells with sense or antisense RXR-alpha cDNA suggests a role for RXR-alpha in the control of monoblastic differentiation induced by retinoic acid and vitamin D. Tretinoin 160-173 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 93-102 9295294-5 1997 mCAR1, like hCAR, binds as a heterodimer with the retinoid X receptor to the retinoic acid response element from the promoter of the retinoic acid receptor beta2 isoform. Tretinoin 77-90 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 50-69 9699512-8 1998 The RAR alpha-specific ligand also stimulated hCG secretion but to a lower extend and after a delay of 48 h. These results suggest a predominant role of RXR alpha in mediating the biological effects of retinoids on JEG-3 cells and the possible induction by RA itself of the metabolic pathway leading to 9 cis RA. Tretinoin 4-6 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 153-162 9575180-3 1998 Ligand dependent activation or repression of retinoid-regulated genes is dependent on the binding of retinoic acid receptor (RAR)/9-cis-retinoic acid receptor (RXR) heterodimers to retinoic acid response element (RARE). Tretinoin 101-114 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 160-163 9579574-4 1998 Electrophoretic mobility shift and super-shift assays using a DR2 ("direct repeat" 2) RA response element demonstrated DNA-binding of RARalpha, RARgamma, RXRalpha and RXRbeta in nuclear extracts of FTC-133 and anaplastic HTh74 cells. Tretinoin 86-88 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 154-162 9464546-5 1998 Furthermore, the RA-inducible expression of MyoD gene is lost in C2-dnRXR but not in C2-dnRAR cells, indicating that each family of retinoid receptors RAR and RXR may regulate distinct subsets of RA-responsive genes. Tretinoin 17-19 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 70-73 9457077-3 1998 In F9 teratocarcinoma cell line, RA-induced differentiation is accompanied by increased expression of the RAR beta, RXR alpha, and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) genes. Tretinoin 33-35 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 116-125 9457077-6 1998 In this paper, we have examined the RA-mediated regulation of the RAR, RXR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), and AFP genes in Hep3B cells. Tretinoin 36-38 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 71-74 9361184-1 1997 The receptors for retinoic acid (RA) and for 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD), RAR, RXR, and VDR are ligand-inducible members of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Tretinoin 18-31 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 87-90 9417874-0 1997 Reduction of both RAR and RXR levels is required to maximally alter sensitivity of CA-OV3 ovarian tumor cells to growth suppression by all-trans-retinoic acid. Tretinoin 135-158 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 26-29 9362447-9 1997 RA treatment dramatically induced a DR5-binding RXRalpha-RARbeta heterodimer. Tretinoin 0-2 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 48-56 9342843-11 1997 In ATRA-sensitive but not ATRA-resistant NB4 cells, ATRA down-regulated retinoid X receptor-alpha (RXR alpha) expression, a known marker of ATRA response in parental NB4 cells. Tretinoin 3-7 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 72-97 9342843-11 1997 In ATRA-sensitive but not ATRA-resistant NB4 cells, ATRA down-regulated retinoid X receptor-alpha (RXR alpha) expression, a known marker of ATRA response in parental NB4 cells. Tretinoin 3-7 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 99-108 9342843-12 1997 Notably, engineered overexpression of RXR alpha in ATRA-sensitive NB4 cells did not block ATRA-mediated growth suppression. Tretinoin 51-55 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 38-47 9233805-7 1997 We furthermore identified a retinoic acid response element (RARE) in the sonic hedgehog upstream region which can be bound by retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) heterodimers in vitro and confers retinoic acid inducibility to the sonic hedgehog promoter in the HeLa cell system. Tretinoin 28-41 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 159-178 9233805-7 1997 We furthermore identified a retinoic acid response element (RARE) in the sonic hedgehog upstream region which can be bound by retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) heterodimers in vitro and confers retinoic acid inducibility to the sonic hedgehog promoter in the HeLa cell system. Tretinoin 28-41 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 180-183 9233805-7 1997 We furthermore identified a retinoic acid response element (RARE) in the sonic hedgehog upstream region which can be bound by retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) heterodimers in vitro and confers retinoic acid inducibility to the sonic hedgehog promoter in the HeLa cell system. Tretinoin 126-139 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 180-183 9184230-1 1997 The vigorous retinoic acid (RA)-dependent activation of the retinoic acid receptor beta2 (RARbeta2) gene in embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells is mediated by retinoid receptor heterodimers (RXR-RAR) binding to RAREs that are closely positioned to the TATA box and an EC cell-specific co-factor activity termed E1A-LA. Tretinoin 13-26 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 186-189 9148917-1 1997 A subset of nuclear receptors, including those for thyroid hormone (TR), retinoic acid, vitamin D3, and eicosanoids, can form heterodimers with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) on DNA regulatory elements in the absence of their cognate ligands. Tretinoin 73-86 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 148-167 9148917-1 1997 A subset of nuclear receptors, including those for thyroid hormone (TR), retinoic acid, vitamin D3, and eicosanoids, can form heterodimers with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) on DNA regulatory elements in the absence of their cognate ligands. Tretinoin 73-86 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 169-172 9184230-1 1997 The vigorous retinoic acid (RA)-dependent activation of the retinoic acid receptor beta2 (RARbeta2) gene in embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells is mediated by retinoid receptor heterodimers (RXR-RAR) binding to RAREs that are closely positioned to the TATA box and an EC cell-specific co-factor activity termed E1A-LA. Tretinoin 28-30 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 186-189 9174119-4 1997 DDRA, however, showed higher affinity than RA for RXR alpha. Tretinoin 2-4 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 50-59 8794365-7 1996 These observations support the existence of two distinct retinoid signalling pathways predicted on the basis of biochemical and pharmacologic studies and provide direct evidence that the programs of differentiation elicited by retinoic acid in these cells are mediated by a specific subset of binding sites for RAR-RXR heterodimers. Tretinoin 227-240 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 315-318 9122176-3 1997 In this report, we present evidence that RA down-regulates MGP gene expression in different rat and human cell lines via endogenous retinoid receptors [RA receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR)]. Tretinoin 41-43 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 174-193 9122176-3 1997 In this report, we present evidence that RA down-regulates MGP gene expression in different rat and human cell lines via endogenous retinoid receptors [RA receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR)]. Tretinoin 41-43 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 195-198 9122176-7 1997 Furthermore, electrophoretic mobility-shift assays performed with proteins from RA-treated cells show that endogenous RAR/RXR binds to the NRE. Tretinoin 80-82 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 122-125 9122176-9 1997 Our results indicate that RA-mediated repression of the hMGP gene is due to binding of liganded RAR/RXR to a novel negative RA response element. Tretinoin 26-28 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 100-103 9122176-9 1997 Our results indicate that RA-mediated repression of the hMGP gene is due to binding of liganded RAR/RXR to a novel negative RA response element. Tretinoin 96-98 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 100-103 9147069-1 1997 Increasing evidence suggests that the retinoid-X receptors (RXR-alpha,-beta,-gamma) play a crucial role in regulating the transcriptional activity of several steroid hormone receptors, including the receptors for retinoic acid (RAR-alpha,-beta,-gamma), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and thyroid hormone. Tretinoin 213-226 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 60-69 9607169-2 1997 The mechanisms involved in the regulation of gene expression by the retinoids is at least partially known and involves binding of the RAR and RXR to retinoic acid response elements. Tretinoin 149-162 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 142-145 8940196-6 1996 In this report we demonstrate that the gene encoding p21 is also a RA-responsive target gene, and we describe a functional RA response element in this gene"s promoter which is required to confer RA induction through RAR.RXR heterodimers. Tretinoin 67-69 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 220-223 8940196-6 1996 In this report we demonstrate that the gene encoding p21 is also a RA-responsive target gene, and we describe a functional RA response element in this gene"s promoter which is required to confer RA induction through RAR.RXR heterodimers. Tretinoin 123-125 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 220-223 9097972-2 1997 Retinoids that activated RXR alpha inhibited cell growth in the range as all-trans-retinoic acid and 9-cis-retinoic acid. Tretinoin 73-96 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 25-34 8752277-1 1996 Signalling by all-trans retinoic acid is mediated through RXR-RAR retinoid receptor heterodimers, in which RXR has been considered to act as a transcriptionally silent partner. Tretinoin 24-37 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 58-61 8877104-7 1996 Stimulation by RA resulted in increased RAR beta/RXR DNA binding, activated RARE-dependent transcription, and increased expression of RAR-beta. Tretinoin 15-17 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 49-52 8877104-8 1996 Concomitant stimulation by VitD3 inhibited the RA-stimulated formation of RAR beta/RXR heterodimers, favoring VDR/RXR binding to the RARE. Tretinoin 47-49 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 83-86 8877104-8 1996 Concomitant stimulation by VitD3 inhibited the RA-stimulated formation of RAR beta/RXR heterodimers, favoring VDR/RXR binding to the RARE. Tretinoin 47-49 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 114-117 8752277-1 1996 Signalling by all-trans retinoic acid is mediated through RXR-RAR retinoid receptor heterodimers, in which RXR has been considered to act as a transcriptionally silent partner. Tretinoin 24-37 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 107-110 8752277-3 1996 6) human acute promyelocytic leukaemia cells treated with either an RAR-alpha-selective agonist alone, or certain RAR-alpha antagonists in combination with an RXR agonist, receptor-DNA binding is induced in vivo, resulting in expression of the target genes of retinoic acid as well as acute promyelocytic leukaemia protein (PML) relocation to nuclear bodies and differentiation before apoptosis. Tretinoin 260-273 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 159-162 8784454-0 1996 Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of retinoid X receptor selective diaryl sulfide analogs of retinoic acid. Tretinoin 106-119 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 50-69 8793849-5 1996 Reporters containing single copies of these elements conferred 9-cis retinoic acid responsiveness to cells cotransfected with an RXR alpha expressing plasmid. Tretinoin 69-82 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 129-138 8913320-4 1996 9-cis RA, a high-affinity ligand for RXR, greatly enhanced D3-induced CD14 expression in U937 cells, while RA alone did not induce CD14 expression. Tretinoin 6-8 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 37-40 8668198-4 1996 Deletion of the hormone-dependent transactivation function of the retinoid X receptor, the common subunit of heterodimeric nuclear receptors, significantly impairs hormone-dependent transcription by retinoic acid, thyroid hormone, and vitamin D receptors. Tretinoin 199-212 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 66-85 8813719-8 1996 Using synthetic RA analogs, which selectively activate RARs and RXRs, the RAR partner within the heterodimeric complex appeared to be sufficient while the RXR partner was insufficient to independently activate transcription. Tretinoin 16-18 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 64-67 8649786-0 1996 Differential changes of retinoid-X-receptor (RXR alpha) and its RAR alpha and PML-RAR alpha partners induced by retinoic acid and cAMP distinguish maturation sensitive and resistant t(15;17) promyelocytic leukemia NB4 cells. Tretinoin 112-125 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 24-43 8649786-0 1996 Differential changes of retinoid-X-receptor (RXR alpha) and its RAR alpha and PML-RAR alpha partners induced by retinoic acid and cAMP distinguish maturation sensitive and resistant t(15;17) promyelocytic leukemia NB4 cells. Tretinoin 112-125 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 45-54 8780892-5 1996 Since retinoic acid plays a relevant role in controlling the growth of these cells and affects the expression of IDE, we have also: (a) identified the retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs) expressed in these cell lines and (b) by means of synthetic retinoid analogues identified the RAR/RXR isoforms whose activation may be sufficient to induce the expression of the IDE gene. Tretinoin 6-19 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 208-211 8707417-2 1996 RAR-beta transcription is induced by retinoic acid (RA) through retinoid receptors which bind as heterodimers of a RA-activated RA receptor (RAR) and a retinoid X receptor to the RA-responsive element in the RAR-beta promoter region (beta RARE). Tretinoin 37-50 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 152-171 8707417-2 1996 RAR-beta transcription is induced by retinoic acid (RA) through retinoid receptors which bind as heterodimers of a RA-activated RA receptor (RAR) and a retinoid X receptor to the RA-responsive element in the RAR-beta promoter region (beta RARE). Tretinoin 0-2 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 152-171 8707417-2 1996 RAR-beta transcription is induced by retinoic acid (RA) through retinoid receptors which bind as heterodimers of a RA-activated RA receptor (RAR) and a retinoid X receptor to the RA-responsive element in the RAR-beta promoter region (beta RARE). Tretinoin 52-54 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 152-171 8634447-10 1996 We conclude that the RAR/RXR pathway is more important than RXR/RXR pathway for differentiation and proliferation of acute myeloid leukemic cells, and certain retinoids or combination of retinoids with both RAR and RXR specificities may synergistically enhance the differentiation activity of ATRA, which may be relevant in several clinical situations. Tretinoin 293-297 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 25-28 8735598-5 1996 In parallel, we demonstrated that the choriocarcinoma cells JEG 3, which respond to RA by an increase in hCG secretion, express constitutively high levels of RXR alpha protein. Tretinoin 84-86 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 158-167 8735598-6 1996 Furthermore, RXR alpha-transfected trophoblastic cells also become RA responsive for hCG secretion. Tretinoin 67-69 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 13-22 8735598-7 1996 All these data suggest that RXR alpha expression is modulated by EGF, and may be involved in the effect of RA on hCG secretion. Tretinoin 107-109 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 28-37 8620495-2 1996 All-trans-retinoic acid exerts its effects by activation of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) heterodimers. Tretinoin 0-23 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 93-112 8620495-2 1996 All-trans-retinoic acid exerts its effects by activation of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) heterodimers. Tretinoin 0-23 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 114-117 8626539-7 1996 The binding of RXRalpha homodimers and RXRalpha/T3Rbeta heterodimers is associated with ligand-dependent activation by 9-cis-RA or repression by T3. Tretinoin 119-127 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 15-23 8626539-7 1996 The binding of RXRalpha homodimers and RXRalpha/T3Rbeta heterodimers is associated with ligand-dependent activation by 9-cis-RA or repression by T3. Tretinoin 119-127 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 39-47 9183635-4 1996 Retinoic acid receptor (RAR) of HSG cells revealed a transcriptional activity in vivo, and the heterodimerization between RAR and 9-cis retinoic acid receptor (RXR) is requisite for the binding with a specific DNA element termed RA response element in vitro. Tretinoin 24-26 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 160-163 9183635-5 1996 RXR alpha and RXR beta were cloned from HSG cells, and these RXRs, together with RAR, seemed to play a physiological role in RA signaling in vivo. Tretinoin 81-83 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 8622645-6 1996 Although VDR can bind as a homodimer to the osteopontin gene vitamin D response element, we find that a RXR-VDR heterodimer must be the transactivating species from the element in vivo, since RXR enhances and 9-cis RA and other RXR-specific ligands attenuate this induction. Tretinoin 215-217 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 104-107 8622645-7 1996 Conversely, when VDR is overexpressed, vitamin D3 attenuates 9-cis RA induction from an RXR-responsive element. Tretinoin 67-69 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 88-91 8617282-4 1996 Known activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor include polyunsaturated fatty acids and, for RXR, the 9-cis isomer of retinoic acid. Tretinoin 133-146 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 108-111 8604295-1 1996 Several members of the nuclear receptor superfamily including RXR (retinoid X receptor) bind to a specific retinoic acid response element (site A) of the apoAI promoter. Tretinoin 107-120 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 62-65 8530518-9 1995 Here, we show that conformationally restricted RXR-specific retinoids, at doses that are per se inactive, are able to potentiate by up to one order of magnitude the pro-differentiating effects of all-trans retinoic acid and an RAR alpha-selective synthetic retinoid. Tretinoin 206-219 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 47-50 8637715-0 1996 Overexpression of both RAR and RXR restores AP-1 repression in ovarian adenocarcinoma cells resistant to retinoic acid-dependent growth inhibition. Tretinoin 105-118 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 31-34 8570209-8 1996 Leukemogenesis in t(11;17) APL may be related to interference with ATRA-mediated differentiation due to sequestration of RXR by the PLZF-RAR alpha chimera. Tretinoin 67-71 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 121-124 8570219-0 1996 RXR alpha is essential for mediating the all-trans retinoic acid-induced growth arrest of C2 myogenic cells. Tretinoin 51-64 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 8570219-6 1996 Our results show that RXR alpha restores the response to RA in this subclone with respect to AP1 inhibition and growth arrest. Tretinoin 57-59 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 22-31 8570219-7 1996 These observations indicate that RXR alpha plays a crucial role in mediating RA induced growth arrest of C2 myogenic cells. Tretinoin 77-79 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 33-42 8547646-4 1996 An RAR alpha-selective ligand used with an RXR-selective ligand generated the same responses as did all-trans RA or 9-cis RA, which affect both families of receptors, suggesting an important role for RAR alpha among RAR subtypes in eliciting cellular response. Tretinoin 3-5 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 43-46 8723391-4 1996 Human thyroid hormone, retinoic acid, vitamin D, and several orphan receptors prefer to work as heterodimers with retinoic X receptor (RXR). Tretinoin 23-36 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 135-138 8537382-4 1995 Transient cellular transfections demonstrate that TGIF inhibits the 9-cis-retinoic acid-dependent RXR alpha transcription activation of the retinoic acid responsive element. Tretinoin 74-87 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 98-107 7786028-1 1995 Two families of nuclear retinoid receptors, retinoic acid receptor and retinoid X receptor (RAR and RXR respectively), and a family of cellular retinoic acid-binding proteins (CRABPI and II) participate in the retinoic acid (RA) signaling pathway. Tretinoin 44-57 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 100-103 7654186-2 1995 We have previously shown that retinoic acid receptor/retinoid X receptor (RAR/RXR) binds a DR1 RARE within the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) gene promoter and is the trans-acting complex that mediates the retinoic acid (RA) response. Tretinoin 30-43 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 78-81 7654186-2 1995 We have previously shown that retinoic acid receptor/retinoid X receptor (RAR/RXR) binds a DR1 RARE within the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) gene promoter and is the trans-acting complex that mediates the retinoic acid (RA) response. Tretinoin 74-76 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 78-81 7654186-8 1995 The results of a phasing analysis demonstrated that RAR/RXR heterodimers did not induce a static DNA bend, in either the presence or the absence of RA. Tretinoin 52-54 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 56-59 7654186-9 1995 A cyclization kinetics assay was employed to show that RAR/RXR binding affected DNA ring closure in a phase-sensitive, RA-insensitive, manner. Tretinoin 55-57 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 59-62 8524212-5 1995 In contrast, at the same concentrations, various combinations of RAR (RAR alpha, RAR beta, or RAR gamma) and RXR selective retinoids resulted in synergistic induction of all retinoic acid (RA) target genes examined, as well as in cell differentiation. Tretinoin 174-187 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 109-112 7576177-4 1995 Retinoic acid receptors (RARs) also bind as heterodimers with RXR to the DR-8, and this binding is enhanced in the presence of retinoic acid (RA) and/or 9-cis RA. Tretinoin 127-140 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 62-65 7576177-4 1995 Retinoic acid receptors (RARs) also bind as heterodimers with RXR to the DR-8, and this binding is enhanced in the presence of retinoic acid (RA) and/or 9-cis RA. Tretinoin 25-27 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 62-65 7576177-4 1995 Retinoic acid receptors (RARs) also bind as heterodimers with RXR to the DR-8, and this binding is enhanced in the presence of retinoic acid (RA) and/or 9-cis RA. Tretinoin 142-144 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 62-65 7565739-2 1995 For ligand-induced activation by the retinoic acid receptor-retinoid X receptor (RAR-RXR) heterodimer, the RAR beta 2 promoter is dependent on the presence of E1A or E1A-like activity, since this promoter is activated by retinoic acid only in cells expressing such proteins. Tretinoin 37-50 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 85-88 7566126-2 1995 On response elements consisting of direct repeats spaced by five base pairs (DR + 5 elements), RAR/RXR heterodimers activate transcription in response to RAR-specific ligands, such as all-trans-retinoic acid (RA). Tretinoin 188-207 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 99-102 7566126-2 1995 On response elements consisting of direct repeats spaced by five base pairs (DR + 5 elements), RAR/RXR heterodimers activate transcription in response to RAR-specific ligands, such as all-trans-retinoic acid (RA). Tretinoin 95-97 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 99-102 7556191-7 1995 Exposure of HUVEC to 1 microM retinoic acid or the retinobenzoic acid, Ch55, led to the induction of the two RAR-beta mRNAs, RXR-alpha mRNA and CRBP-I mRNA, whereas the expression of the other receptor and CRABP-I transcripts did not change appreciably. Tretinoin 30-43 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 125-134 7786028-1 1995 Two families of nuclear retinoid receptors, retinoic acid receptor and retinoid X receptor (RAR and RXR respectively), and a family of cellular retinoic acid-binding proteins (CRABPI and II) participate in the retinoic acid (RA) signaling pathway. Tretinoin 92-94 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 100-103 7786028-6 1995 Furthermore, 9-cis RA, a ligand that binds to both the RAR and the RXR families, selectively activates the CRABPII gene. Tretinoin 19-21 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 67-70 7745731-2 1995 Physiological responses to retinoic acid involve two distinct subfamilies of nuclear receptors, the RA receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs), which function by activating transcription as heterodimeric or RXR homodimeric complexes from cis-acting DNA response elements. Tretinoin 27-40 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 146-149 7731708-2 1995 The effects of RA are mediated through multiple members of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) families of nuclear transcription factors. Tretinoin 15-17 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 96-115 7731708-2 1995 The effects of RA are mediated through multiple members of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) families of nuclear transcription factors. Tretinoin 15-17 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 117-120 7731708-4 1995 Using NTera2/clone D1 (NT2/D1) human embryonal carcinoma cells as a model, we report that the RA induced terminal differentiation of these cells into a neuronal phenotype is characterized by an increase in expression of RAR alpha, RAR beta, RAR gamma, and a slight induction of RXR alpha. Tretinoin 94-96 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 278-287 7705655-4 1995 In this respect they are similar to heterodimers formed between RXR and the receptor for all-trans retinoic acid, RAR. Tretinoin 99-112 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 64-67 7982932-3 1994 After binding to a direct repeat of this hexamer with a one-base pair spacer, retinoid X receptor homodimers are able to activate transcription in the presence of the ligand 9-cis-retinoic acid. Tretinoin 179-193 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 78-97 7862171-6 1995 GAL4-RXR activates transcription from GAL4 response elements in the presence of 9-cis RA. Tretinoin 86-88 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 5-8 7852380-5 1995 All-trans retinoic acid, 9-cis retinoic acid, and SR11237 activated RXRE via overexpressed RXR.RXR (ED50 = 110, 120, and 11 nM, respectively), indicating interconversion between retinoic acid isomers, whereas co-overexpression of RAR alpha or RAR gamma suppressed this activation. Tretinoin 31-44 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 68-71 7852380-5 1995 All-trans retinoic acid, 9-cis retinoic acid, and SR11237 activated RXRE via overexpressed RXR.RXR (ED50 = 110, 120, and 11 nM, respectively), indicating interconversion between retinoic acid isomers, whereas co-overexpression of RAR alpha or RAR gamma suppressed this activation. Tretinoin 31-44 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 91-94 7852380-4 1995 In cultured keratinocytes, all-trans retinoic acid, 9-cis retinoic acid, and CD367 activated beta RARE but not RXRE via endogenous RAR.RXR (ED50 = 2.3, 3.8, and 0.3 nM, respectively) whereas SR11237 showed no significant effect. Tretinoin 37-50 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 111-114 7852380-5 1995 All-trans retinoic acid, 9-cis retinoic acid, and SR11237 activated RXRE via overexpressed RXR.RXR (ED50 = 110, 120, and 11 nM, respectively), indicating interconversion between retinoic acid isomers, whereas co-overexpression of RAR alpha or RAR gamma suppressed this activation. Tretinoin 10-23 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 68-71 7852380-5 1995 All-trans retinoic acid, 9-cis retinoic acid, and SR11237 activated RXRE via overexpressed RXR.RXR (ED50 = 110, 120, and 11 nM, respectively), indicating interconversion between retinoic acid isomers, whereas co-overexpression of RAR alpha or RAR gamma suppressed this activation. Tretinoin 10-23 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 91-94 7697779-0 1994 Synthesis of 9E- and 9Z-locked retinoic acid analogs as ligands for RAR and RXR. Tretinoin 31-44 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 76-79 7969156-2 1994 This activation involves binding of the RAR/retinoid X receptor (RAR/RXR) heterodimer to the RA-responsive element (beta RARE). Tretinoin 40-42 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 69-72 8274452-8 1993 Although this difference in retinoid X receptor alpha expression could contribute to RA resistance, the mechanism involved in producing this resistance could not be fully elucidated in these studies. Tretinoin 85-87 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 28-53 8074666-0 1994 Synergistic differentiation of U937 cells by all-trans retinoic acid and 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is associated with the expression of retinoid X receptor alpha. Tretinoin 55-68 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 142-167 7974255-2 1994 Retinoic acid (RA) is known to inhibit the chondrogenic differentiation of C 5.18 cells and this may parallel the teratogenic effects of retinoids in vivo; however, the question as to which of the 3 retinoic acid receptors (RAR alpha, beta, gamma) or the 3 retinoid X receptors (RXR alpha, beta, gamma) mediate this RA-induced inhibition remains unanswered. Tretinoin 0-13 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 279-288 7974255-9 1994 9-cis RA, which binds to the 3 RARs with affinities similar to RA and also binds to the 3 RXRs, was less active (IC50 8 x 10(-9) M), suggesting that RXR binding interferes with the inhibitory effect of ligand-activated RARs. Tretinoin 6-8 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 90-93 8182938-10 1994 That RA promotes both neutrophil and monocyte differentiation has implications for the use of RA and D3 in treatment of leukemias and provides insight into mechanisms whereby RAR, VDR and RXR facilitate monocyte differentiation. Tretinoin 5-7 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 188-191 8152429-2 1994 The retinoic acid receptor (RAR), as a heterodimer with the retinoid-x receptor (RXR), binds to DNA recognition sites, referred to as retinoic acid response elements (RAREs), that are generally composed of a direct repeat of the half-site core motif PuGGTCA spaced by 2 (DR-2) or 5 (DR-5) basepairs. Tretinoin 4-17 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 60-79 8152429-2 1994 The retinoic acid receptor (RAR), as a heterodimer with the retinoid-x receptor (RXR), binds to DNA recognition sites, referred to as retinoic acid response elements (RAREs), that are generally composed of a direct repeat of the half-site core motif PuGGTCA spaced by 2 (DR-2) or 5 (DR-5) basepairs. Tretinoin 4-17 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 81-84 8269997-0 1994 The expression of retinoid X receptor genes is regulated by all-trans- and 9-cis-retinoic acid in F9 teratocarcinoma cells. Tretinoin 81-94 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 18-37 8269997-1 1994 Two classes of nuclear receptors for retinoic acid (RA) have been identified--retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid x receptor (RXR). Tretinoin 37-50 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 111-130 8269997-1 1994 Two classes of nuclear receptors for retinoic acid (RA) have been identified--retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid x receptor (RXR). Tretinoin 37-50 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 132-135 8269997-1 1994 Two classes of nuclear receptors for retinoic acid (RA) have been identified--retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid x receptor (RXR). Tretinoin 52-54 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 111-130 8269997-1 1994 Two classes of nuclear receptors for retinoic acid (RA) have been identified--retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid x receptor (RXR). Tretinoin 52-54 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 132-135 7808033-1 1994 Retinoic acids exert a wide range of biological activities following binding to the cognate nuclear receptors, which has several members (RAR-alpha, beta, gamma and RXR-alpha, beta, gamma). Tretinoin 0-14 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 165-174 8260698-2 1993 A stereoisomer of retinoic acid, 9-cis-retinoic acid, is a high-affinity ligand for RXR and binds efficiently to RAR. Tretinoin 18-31 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 84-87 8260698-3 1993 In contrast, all-trans-retinoic acid interacts 40-fold less efficiently with RXR as compared with RAR. Tretinoin 13-36 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 77-80 8413217-0 1993 Retinoic acid induction of major histocompatibility complex class I genes in NTera-2 embryonal carcinoma cells involves induction of NF-kappa B (p50-p65) and retinoic acid receptor beta-retinoid X receptor beta heterodimers. Tretinoin 0-13 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 186-205 8413217-6 1993 Region II binding activity was present in undifferentiated cells at low levels but was greatly augmented by RA treatment because of activation of a nuclear hormone receptor heterodimer composed of the retinoid X receptor (RXR beta) and the RA receptor (RAR beta). Tretinoin 108-110 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 201-220 8257090-1 1993 Retinoid X Receptor beta (RXRB) is a member of the retinoid X receptor (RXR) family of nuclear receptors which are involved in mediating the effects of retinoic acid (RA). Tretinoin 152-165 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 51-70 8167569-6 1993 RXR homodimers recognize a subset of retinoic acid responsive elements (RARE). Tretinoin 37-50 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 0-3 8257090-1 1993 Retinoid X Receptor beta (RXRB) is a member of the retinoid X receptor (RXR) family of nuclear receptors which are involved in mediating the effects of retinoic acid (RA). Tretinoin 152-165 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 26-29 8257090-1 1993 Retinoid X Receptor beta (RXRB) is a member of the retinoid X receptor (RXR) family of nuclear receptors which are involved in mediating the effects of retinoic acid (RA). Tretinoin 167-169 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 51-70 8257090-1 1993 Retinoid X Receptor beta (RXRB) is a member of the retinoid X receptor (RXR) family of nuclear receptors which are involved in mediating the effects of retinoic acid (RA). Tretinoin 167-169 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 26-29 8093812-6 1993 In addition, v-erbA-RXR-alpha heterodimers specifically bind natural thyroid hormone-responsive elements (TREs) but not retinoic acid-responsive elements (RAREs). Tretinoin 120-133 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 20-29 7691069-0 1993 Retinoic acid receptor and retinoid X receptor expression in retinoic acid-resistant human tumor cell lines. Tretinoin 61-74 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 27-46 8389913-9 1993 RXR alpha also transactivates promoter expression via the GB element in vivo in response to retinoic acid but in a largely EF-C-independent manner. Tretinoin 92-105 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 1328196-4 1992 The retinoic acid-induced activation was 3-4-fold higher with RXR alpha than with either RAR alpha or RAR beta. Tretinoin 4-17 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 62-71 1333043-9 1992 Taken together, our results show that the AF1 element contains an RARE that mediates a retinoic acid response by binding an RAR alpha/coregulator complex; this coregulator is presumably RXR alpha. Tretinoin 87-100 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 186-195 1331079-4 1992 In this study, we showed that TR formed heterodimers with RAR and RXR on a retinoic acid (RA) response element and two TREs. Tretinoin 75-88 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 66-69 1327537-0 1992 All-trans and 9-cis retinoic acid induction of CRABPII transcription is mediated by RAR-RXR heterodimers bound to DR1 and DR2 repeated motifs. Tretinoin 20-33 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 88-91 1328295-10 1992 These data suggest that there are sufficient amounts of retinoic acid in treated skin to activate gene transcription over both RARs and RXR-alpha. Tretinoin 56-69 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 136-145 1328857-11 1992 Our data suggest that the COUP receptors are a novel class of RAR and RXR regulators that can restrict RA signaling to certain elements. Tretinoin 62-64 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 70-73 1326406-1 1992 Using several naturally occurring and synthetic retinoic acid (RA)-responsive reporter genes, we show that the patterns of transcriptional activation by various retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) forms vary according to the nature of the RA response element and the context of the stimulated promoter. Tretinoin 48-61 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 194-213 1326406-1 1992 Using several naturally occurring and synthetic retinoic acid (RA)-responsive reporter genes, we show that the patterns of transcriptional activation by various retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) forms vary according to the nature of the RA response element and the context of the stimulated promoter. Tretinoin 48-61 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 215-218 1326406-1 1992 Using several naturally occurring and synthetic retinoic acid (RA)-responsive reporter genes, we show that the patterns of transcriptional activation by various retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) forms vary according to the nature of the RA response element and the context of the stimulated promoter. Tretinoin 63-65 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 194-213 1326406-1 1992 Using several naturally occurring and synthetic retinoic acid (RA)-responsive reporter genes, we show that the patterns of transcriptional activation by various retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) forms vary according to the nature of the RA response element and the context of the stimulated promoter. Tretinoin 63-65 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 215-218 1324435-5 1992 6) form a heterodimer that activates acyl-CoA oxidase gene expression in response to either clofibric acid or the retinoid X receptor-alpha ligand, 9-cis retinoic acid, an all-trans retinoic acid metabolite; simultaneous exposure to both activators results in a synergistic induction of gene expression. Tretinoin 154-167 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 114-139 1328967-2 1992 All-trans-retinoic acid (t-RA) has been known to be a high-affinity ligand for RAR but only a weak ligand for RXR, while the endogenous ligand for RXR was unknown. Tretinoin 0-23 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 110-113 1321332-4 1992 In a more recent series of experiments, we found that site A is a retinoic acid (RA) response element that responds preferentially to the recently identified RA-responsive receptor RXR alpha over the previously characterized RA receptors RAR alpha and RAR beta. Tretinoin 66-79 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 181-190 1321332-4 1992 In a more recent series of experiments, we found that site A is a retinoic acid (RA) response element that responds preferentially to the recently identified RA-responsive receptor RXR alpha over the previously characterized RA receptors RAR alpha and RAR beta. Tretinoin 81-83 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 181-190 1321332-6 1992 Transient transfection assays showed that site A is necessary and sufficient for RXR alpha-mediated transactivation of the apoAI gene basal promoter in human hepatoma HepG2 cells in the presence of RA and that this transactivation is abolished by increasing amounts of cotransfected ARP-1. Tretinoin 198-200 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 81-90 1321332-10 1992 However, while ARP-1 alone or ARP-1 and RXR alpha together dramatically repress expression in the absence of RA, the repression by ARP-1 and RXR alpha together, but not ARP-1 alone, is almost completely alleviated in the presence of RA. Tretinoin 233-235 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 141-150 1328967-2 1992 All-trans-retinoic acid (t-RA) has been known to be a high-affinity ligand for RAR but only a weak ligand for RXR, while the endogenous ligand for RXR was unknown. Tretinoin 25-29 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 110-113 1651173-1 1991 The vitamin A derivative retinoic acid exerts its effects on transcription through two distinct classes of nuclear receptors, the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and the retinoid X receptor (RXR). Tretinoin 25-38 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 167-186 1324421-6 1992 RXR alpha complexes with RAR alpha, RAR beta, and RAR gamma bound selectively to retinoic acid responsive elements from the human RAR beta 2 gene (hRAR beta 2), the gene of the rat cellular retinol binding protein I and the human apolipoprotein A1 gene. Tretinoin 81-94 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 1662118-2 1991 A strategy of sequential screening of expression libraries with a retinoic acid response element and RAR identified a cDNA encoding a coregulator highly related to RXR alpha. Tretinoin 66-79 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 164-173 1312497-4 1992 Recently, we demonstrated that all-trans retinoic acid (RA) serves as a "pro-hormone" to the isomer 9-cis RA, which is a high-affinity ligand for the human RXR alpha. Tretinoin 41-54 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 156-165 1312497-4 1992 Recently, we demonstrated that all-trans retinoic acid (RA) serves as a "pro-hormone" to the isomer 9-cis RA, which is a high-affinity ligand for the human RXR alpha. Tretinoin 56-58 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 156-165 1312497-4 1992 Recently, we demonstrated that all-trans retinoic acid (RA) serves as a "pro-hormone" to the isomer 9-cis RA, which is a high-affinity ligand for the human RXR alpha. Tretinoin 106-108 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 156-165 1311101-0 1992 Retinoid X receptor-COUP-TF interactions modulate retinoic acid signaling. Tretinoin 50-63 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 0-19 1310350-4 1992 RXR alpha interacts both with TRs and with RARs, forming heterodimers in solution that strongly interact with a variety of T3/retinoic acid response elements. Tretinoin 126-139 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 1310350-5 1992 Transfection experiments show that RXR alpha can greatly enhance the transcriptional activity of TR and RAR at low retinoic acid concentrations that do not significantly activate RXR alpha itself. Tretinoin 115-128 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 35-44 1310351-0 1992 Retinoid X receptor interacts with nuclear receptors in retinoic acid, thyroid hormone and vitamin D3 signalling. Tretinoin 56-69 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 0-19 1310351-1 1992 Cellular responsiveness to retinoic acid and its metabolites is conferred through two structurally and pharmacologically distinct families of receptors: the retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and the retinoid X receptors (RXR). Tretinoin 27-40 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 195-215 1310351-1 1992 Cellular responsiveness to retinoic acid and its metabolites is conferred through two structurally and pharmacologically distinct families of receptors: the retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and the retinoid X receptors (RXR). Tretinoin 27-40 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 217-220 1309942-5 1992 t-RA may be converted to a more proximate ligand that directly binds and activates RXR alpha, and we have developed a method of nuclear receptor-dependent ligand trapping to test this hypothesis. Tretinoin 0-4 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 83-92 1309942-6 1992 Here we report the identification of a stereoisomer of retinoic acid, 9-cis retinoic acid, which directly binds and activates RXR alpha. Tretinoin 55-68 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 126-135 1310260-1 1992 All-trans retinoic acid (RA) has previously been shown to modulate the transcriptional properties of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR). Tretinoin 10-23 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 138-157 1310260-1 1992 All-trans retinoic acid (RA) has previously been shown to modulate the transcriptional properties of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR). Tretinoin 10-23 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 159-162 1310260-1 1992 All-trans retinoic acid (RA) has previously been shown to modulate the transcriptional properties of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR). Tretinoin 25-27 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 138-157 1310260-1 1992 All-trans retinoic acid (RA) has previously been shown to modulate the transcriptional properties of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR). Tretinoin 25-27 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 159-162 1310260-3 1992 We report here an experimental approach that has identified 9-cis RA as an RXR ligand. Tretinoin 66-68 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 75-78 32770619-2 2020 RA activates downstream pathways through its receptors (retinoic acid receptor alpha [RARA], retinoic acid receptor beta, and retinoic acid receptor gamma [RARG]) and retinoid X receptors (retinoid X receptor alpha [RXRA], retinoid X receptor beta [RXRB], and retinoid X receptor gamma [RXRG]). Tretinoin 0-2 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 189-214 1646397-6 1991 These results indicate that different RAREs may play a fundamental role in defining distinctive retinoic acid cellular response pathways and suggest that retinoic acid response pathways mediated by RXR alpha play an important role in cholesterol and retinoid transport and metabolism. Tretinoin 96-109 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 198-207 1646397-6 1991 These results indicate that different RAREs may play a fundamental role in defining distinctive retinoic acid cellular response pathways and suggest that retinoic acid response pathways mediated by RXR alpha play an important role in cholesterol and retinoid transport and metabolism. Tretinoin 154-167 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 198-207 34447379-2 2021 Murine studies have also demonstrated that RXR agonists have anti-inflammatory effects by enhancing the ability of all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) to promote T-regulatory cell (Treg) induction and reduce Th17 differentiation in vitro. Tretinoin 115-138 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 43-46 34447379-2 2021 Murine studies have also demonstrated that RXR agonists have anti-inflammatory effects by enhancing the ability of all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) to promote T-regulatory cell (Treg) induction and reduce Th17 differentiation in vitro. Tretinoin 140-144 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 43-46 33878891-7 2021 High levels of FABP5 can reduce the delivery of all-trans-retinoic acid to RXRA. Tretinoin 48-71 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 75-79 33878891-9 2021 Conclusion: The authors propose that HDAC7 controls the uptake of all-trans-retinoic acid, thus influencing RXRA activity and IGF1 signaling. Tretinoin 66-89 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 108-112 33572750-7 2021 We reveal the critical relevance of retinoic X receptor (RXR) heterodimers in upstream retinoic acid metabolism and their relationship with thyroid hormone signaling. Tretinoin 87-100 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 36-55 33572750-7 2021 We reveal the critical relevance of retinoic X receptor (RXR) heterodimers in upstream retinoic acid metabolism and their relationship with thyroid hormone signaling. Tretinoin 87-100 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 57-60 33029001-7 2020 By combining quantitative imaging with RNA sequencing, we show the role of endogenous retinoic acid metabolism in initiating transcriptional programs that guide the cell-fate transitions of intestinal epithelium, and we identify an inhibitor of the retinoid X receptor that improves intestinal regeneration in vivo. Tretinoin 86-99 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 249-268 1651173-1 1991 The vitamin A derivative retinoic acid exerts its effects on transcription through two distinct classes of nuclear receptors, the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and the retinoid X receptor (RXR). Tretinoin 25-38 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 188-191 1651173-2 1991 We provide evidence that expression of the gene for cellular retinol-binding protein type II (CRBPII), a key protein in the intestinal absorption of vitamin A, is dramatically up-regulated by retinoic acid in the presence of RXR but not RAR. Tretinoin 192-205 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 225-228 34087410-3 2021 Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) and retinoic acid possess hormone-like properties and are the bioactive metabolites of vitamin D and A, respectively, that signal through heterodimers containing the common retinoid X receptor. Tretinoin 42-55 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 211-230 34087410-8 2021 Importantly, retinoic acid negated the effect of calcitriol and impaired the binding of VDR on the Il9 gene by dampened VDR-RXR formation. Tretinoin 13-26 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 124-127 34299349-3 2021 RA signaling is mediated by the following two nuclear retinoic receptor subtypes: the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and the retinoic X receptor (RXR), and their isoforms. Tretinoin 0-2 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 123-142 34299349-3 2021 RA signaling is mediated by the following two nuclear retinoic receptor subtypes: the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and the retinoic X receptor (RXR), and their isoforms. Tretinoin 0-2 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 144-147 34023650-3 2021 Different from MX781, WA15 eliminates RARalpha antagonist activity but inhibits 9-cis-RA-induced RXRalpha transactivation activity in a dose-dependent manner. Tretinoin 80-88 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 97-105 33832420-2 2021 One of the main functions of CRABP2 is delivery and transfer of RA to the nuclear receptors RAR/RXR, which leads to activation of the transcription of a wide range of retinoid-responsive genes. Tretinoin 30-32 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 96-99 32770619-2 2020 RA activates downstream pathways through its receptors (retinoic acid receptor alpha [RARA], retinoic acid receptor beta, and retinoic acid receptor gamma [RARG]) and retinoid X receptors (retinoid X receptor alpha [RXRA], retinoid X receptor beta [RXRB], and retinoid X receptor gamma [RXRG]). Tretinoin 0-2 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 216-220 31812787-4 2020 This negative regulation requires co-incubation with the RXR agonist, retinoic acid. Tretinoin 70-83 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 57-60 32929351-10 2020 The elevated TRIB3 expression in response to arsenic/ATRA therapy suppressed PPARgamma activity by disrupting the PPARgamma/RXR dimer, which resulted in dyslipidemia in APL patients undergoing therapy. Tretinoin 53-57 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 124-127 32125053-0 2020 RXRalpha and MRTF-A have a synergistic effect in the retinoic acid-induced neural-like differentiation of adult bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Tretinoin 53-66 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 32125053-4 2020 Here, we show that RXRalpha collaborated with myocardin-related transcription factor-A (MRTF-A) to strongly promote the RA-induced process as evidenced by the increase in NF-H expression and NF-H promoter transcription activity. Tretinoin 120-122 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 19-27 32125053-7 2020 These findings reveal the important roles of RXRalpha and MRTF-A signaling in RA-induced neural-like differentiation of MSCs and describe a new mechanism underlying the synergistic interaction of RXRalpha and MRTF-A. Tretinoin 78-80 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 45-53 32125053-7 2020 These findings reveal the important roles of RXRalpha and MRTF-A signaling in RA-induced neural-like differentiation of MSCs and describe a new mechanism underlying the synergistic interaction of RXRalpha and MRTF-A. Tretinoin 78-80 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 196-204 32879257-4 2020 Here, we evaluated the binding affinity of several organotin compounds that are ligands of a receptor of retinoic acid, retinoid X receptor, by using radioligand binding assays. Tretinoin 105-118 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 120-139 32359644-7 2020 Retinoic acid incorporation into the ligand-binding domain leads to a conformational change enabling the formation of RAR homodimers or RAR/RXR heterodimers that in turn bind specifically to target DNA sequences. Tretinoin 0-13 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 140-143 32359645-3 2020 The (patho)physiological functions of RAR-RXR heterodimers rely on a dynamic sequence of protein-protein interactions, many of which being modulated by natural (retinoic acid) or synthetic ligands. Tretinoin 161-174 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 42-45 31950055-3 2019 ATRA treatment significantly enhanced the flagellin-induced NF-kappaB/AP-1 activity in THP-1 via the RAR/RXR pathway. Tretinoin 0-4 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 105-108 31141879-10 2019 Retinoic acid-induced activation of retinoic acid receptor response element (RARE)-tk-luciferase is dependent on exogenous expression of retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARa)/RXRa heterodimer in MDA-MB 231 but not in MCF7 and KAIMRC1 cell lines. Tretinoin 0-13 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 173-177 31950055-9 2019 Our results suggest that ATRA enhances flagellin-stimulated proinflammatory responses in human monocyte THP-1 cells by upregulating CD14 in a RAR/RXR-dependent manner. Tretinoin 25-29 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 146-149 31694317-1 2019 The three subtypes (alpha, beta, and gamma) of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) are ligand-dependent transcription factors that mediate retinoic acid signaling by forming heterodimers with the retinoid X receptor (RXR). Tretinoin 51-64 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 193-212 31694317-1 2019 The three subtypes (alpha, beta, and gamma) of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) are ligand-dependent transcription factors that mediate retinoic acid signaling by forming heterodimers with the retinoid X receptor (RXR). Tretinoin 51-64 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 214-217 31768440-1 2019 Objective: To identify an agonist of RXRalpha and RARalpha with reduced undesired profiles of all-trans retinoic acid for differentiation-inducing therapy of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), such as its susceptibility to P450 enzyme, induction of P450 enzyme, increased sequestration by cellular retinoic acid binding protein and increased expression of P-glycoprotein, a virtual screening was performed. Tretinoin 94-117 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 37-45 31768440-1 2019 Objective: To identify an agonist of RXRalpha and RARalpha with reduced undesired profiles of all-trans retinoic acid for differentiation-inducing therapy of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), such as its susceptibility to P450 enzyme, induction of P450 enzyme, increased sequestration by cellular retinoic acid binding protein and increased expression of P-glycoprotein, a virtual screening was performed. Tretinoin 104-117 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 37-45 30322383-1 2018 BACKGROUND: In the classical pathway of retinoic acid (RA) mediated gene transcription, RA binds to a nuclear hormone receptor dimer composed of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR), to induce the expression of its downstream target genes. Tretinoin 40-53 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 199-202 30529222-0 2019 Nuclear RXRalpha and RXRbeta receptors exert distinct and opposite effects on RA-mediated neuroblastoma differentiation. Tretinoin 78-80 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 8-16 30529222-2 2019 The nuclear RXR receptors are one of the main mediators of RA cellular effects, classically by joining the direct receptors of RA, the nuclear RAR receptors, in RAR/RXR dimers which act as transcription factors. Tretinoin 59-61 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 12-15 30529222-2 2019 The nuclear RXR receptors are one of the main mediators of RA cellular effects, classically by joining the direct receptors of RA, the nuclear RAR receptors, in RAR/RXR dimers which act as transcription factors. Tretinoin 59-61 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 165-168 30529222-5 2019 In order to understand the roles of the expression of distinct RXR subtypes to RA signal transduction, we performed siRNA-mediated silencing of RXRalpha and RXRbeta during the first stages of SH-SY5Y differentiation. Tretinoin 79-81 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 63-66 30529222-6 2019 Our results showed that RXRalpha is required for RA-induced neuronal differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells, since its silencing compromised cell cycle arrest and prevented the upregulation of neuronal markers and the adoption of neuronal morphology. Tretinoin 49-51 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 24-32 30529222-9 2019 Our results indicate distinct functions for RXR subtypes during RA-dependent neuronal differentiation and reveal new perspectives for studying such receptors as clinical targets in therapies aiming at restoring neuronal function. Tretinoin 64-66 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 44-47 30746761-4 2019 The docking studies indicated bexarotene as a lead compound that can activate various RXR receptor isoforms (alpha, beta, and gamma) and has a strong binding affinity to the receptor protein than retinoic acid, which is known as a natural endogenous RXR agonist. Tretinoin 196-209 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 250-253 30532072-2 2019 The pharmacological activity of ATRA is mediated by the ligand-activated RAR and RXR transcription factors. Tretinoin 32-36 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 81-84 30322383-1 2018 BACKGROUND: In the classical pathway of retinoic acid (RA) mediated gene transcription, RA binds to a nuclear hormone receptor dimer composed of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR), to induce the expression of its downstream target genes. Tretinoin 40-53 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 178-197 30322383-1 2018 BACKGROUND: In the classical pathway of retinoic acid (RA) mediated gene transcription, RA binds to a nuclear hormone receptor dimer composed of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR), to induce the expression of its downstream target genes. Tretinoin 55-57 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 178-197 30322383-1 2018 BACKGROUND: In the classical pathway of retinoic acid (RA) mediated gene transcription, RA binds to a nuclear hormone receptor dimer composed of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR), to induce the expression of its downstream target genes. Tretinoin 55-57 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 199-202 30322383-1 2018 BACKGROUND: In the classical pathway of retinoic acid (RA) mediated gene transcription, RA binds to a nuclear hormone receptor dimer composed of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR), to induce the expression of its downstream target genes. Tretinoin 88-90 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 178-197 30322383-1 2018 BACKGROUND: In the classical pathway of retinoic acid (RA) mediated gene transcription, RA binds to a nuclear hormone receptor dimer composed of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR), to induce the expression of its downstream target genes. Tretinoin 88-90 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 199-202 29246089-1 2018 INTRODUCTION: Retinoic acid (RA) signaling through its receptors (RARA, RARB, RARG, and the retinoic X receptor RXRA) is essential for healthy placental and fetal development. Tretinoin 14-27 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 112-116 30275368-3 2018 The bioactive derivatives of these retinoids are the retinoic acids, which can potently activate nuclear hormone receptors such as the retinoic acid receptor and the retinoid X receptor. Tretinoin 53-67 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 166-185 29246089-1 2018 INTRODUCTION: Retinoic acid (RA) signaling through its receptors (RARA, RARB, RARG, and the retinoic X receptor RXRA) is essential for healthy placental and fetal development. Tretinoin 29-31 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 112-116 30225259-7 2018 Agonists of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) or retinoid X receptor (RXR) alone could enhance MMP-2 secretion, and RAR or RXR antagonists alone could reverse ATRA-induced MMP-2 secretion. Tretinoin 154-158 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 65-68 30225259-7 2018 Agonists of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) or retinoid X receptor (RXR) alone could enhance MMP-2 secretion, and RAR or RXR antagonists alone could reverse ATRA-induced MMP-2 secretion. Tretinoin 154-158 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 118-121 29748133-1 2018 Retinoic acid is the active metabolite of vitamin A and regulates several important cellular processes by activating retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and retinoid X receptors (RXR). Tretinoin 0-13 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 151-171 30225259-10 2018 Our results suggest that ATRA enhances MMP-2 expression and secretion in human myeloid leukemia THP-1 cells in a calcium ion dependent manner through RAR/RXR signaling pathways, and this enhanced expression and secretion may be associated with the possible mechanisms of RAS. Tretinoin 25-29 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 154-157 29621670-8 2018 Using the mammalian two retinoic acid response elements, the transcriptional activities by 2 agonists, 9cRA and PA024, were different among the RXR isoforms of each gastropod species. Tretinoin 24-37 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 144-147 29748133-1 2018 Retinoic acid is the active metabolite of vitamin A and regulates several important cellular processes by activating retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and retinoid X receptors (RXR). Tretinoin 0-13 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 173-176 29748133-11 2018 These effects of retinoic acid are thought to be at least partially mediated by the retinoid receptors, as treatment of the neurons with synthetic RAR and RXR agonists produced a similar inhibition of ICa. Tretinoin 17-30 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 155-158 28923935-6 2017 Our results suggest that the repressive activity of RXR on prometastatic genes is mediated primarily through direct DNA binding of the receptor along with nuclear receptor corepressor (NCoR) and silencing mediator of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptor (SMRT) corepressors and is largely unresponsive to ligand activation. Tretinoin 217-230 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 52-55 28960887-7 2018 Moreover, RAR/RXRalpha costimulation elevated VE-cadherin expression and improved barrier fidelity to levels that recapitulated the effects of RA. Tretinoin 10-12 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 14-22 28836501-5 2017 Both RXRalpha and RXRbeta protein levels decrease was found also by combination ATRA+TBT-Cl/TPT-Cl. Tretinoin 80-84 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 5-13 28465486-4 2017 Here we show that SphK2 overexpression contributes to the resistance of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) therapy in colon cancer through rapid degradation of cytoplasmic retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha) by lysine 48 (K48)- and lysine 63 (K63)-based polyubiquitination. Tretinoin 82-95 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 168-193 28465486-4 2017 Here we show that SphK2 overexpression contributes to the resistance of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) therapy in colon cancer through rapid degradation of cytoplasmic retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha) by lysine 48 (K48)- and lysine 63 (K63)-based polyubiquitination. Tretinoin 82-95 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 195-203 28465486-4 2017 Here we show that SphK2 overexpression contributes to the resistance of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) therapy in colon cancer through rapid degradation of cytoplasmic retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha) by lysine 48 (K48)- and lysine 63 (K63)-based polyubiquitination. Tretinoin 97-101 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 168-193 28465486-4 2017 Here we show that SphK2 overexpression contributes to the resistance of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) therapy in colon cancer through rapid degradation of cytoplasmic retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha) by lysine 48 (K48)- and lysine 63 (K63)-based polyubiquitination. Tretinoin 97-101 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 195-203 28611979-2 2017 The function of retinoids is exerted by the complex of retinoic acid (RA) with the heterodimer of retinoid X receptor and the RA receptor. Tretinoin 55-68 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 98-117 28465486-6 2017 Sphk2 overexpression increases the ATRA-induced nuclear RXRalpha export to cytoplasm and then rapidly degrades RXRalpha through the polyubiquitination pathway. Tretinoin 35-39 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 56-64 28465486-6 2017 Sphk2 overexpression increases the ATRA-induced nuclear RXRalpha export to cytoplasm and then rapidly degrades RXRalpha through the polyubiquitination pathway. Tretinoin 35-39 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 111-119 28611979-2 2017 The function of retinoids is exerted by the complex of retinoic acid (RA) with the heterodimer of retinoid X receptor and the RA receptor. Tretinoin 70-72 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 98-117 28129653-4 2017 Here we showed that compound Z-10, a nitro-ligand of retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha), strongly promoted the cAMP-independent apoptosis of both ATRA- sensitive and resistant NB4 cells via the induction of caspase-mediated PML-RARalpha degradation. Tretinoin 148-152 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 53-78 28129653-4 2017 Here we showed that compound Z-10, a nitro-ligand of retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha), strongly promoted the cAMP-independent apoptosis of both ATRA- sensitive and resistant NB4 cells via the induction of caspase-mediated PML-RARalpha degradation. Tretinoin 148-152 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 80-88 28153738-7 2017 This regulation by retinoic acid acts through the MYOC promoter which contains a critical cluster of four retinoic acid responsive elements (RAREs), with the RARE-DR2 presenting the strongest effect and binding the RARalpha/RXRalpha heterodimer. Tretinoin 19-32 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 224-232 28153738-7 2017 This regulation by retinoic acid acts through the MYOC promoter which contains a critical cluster of four retinoic acid responsive elements (RAREs), with the RARE-DR2 presenting the strongest effect and binding the RARalpha/RXRalpha heterodimer. Tretinoin 106-119 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 224-232 25134739-1 2015 Retinoic acid (RA) is a terpenoid that is synthesized from vitamin A/retinol (ROL) and binds to the nuclear receptors retinoic acid receptor (RAR)/retinoid X receptor (RXR) to control multiple developmental processes in vertebrates. Tretinoin 0-13 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 147-166 27320333-5 2017 Conversely, RXR is able to form "nonpermissive" heterodimers with vitamin D receptor (VDR), thyroid receptor (TR) and retinoic acid receptor (RAR), which function only in the presence of vitamin D, T3 and retinoic acid, respectively. Tretinoin 118-131 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 12-15 27798106-7 2016 Notably, upon RA signaling, the RAR/RXR transcription factor induced loss of adjacent CTCF binding and changed the higher-order chromatin conformation of the overall locus. Tretinoin 14-16 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 36-39 25504116-3 2015 In ESCs, Snai1 does not respond to TGFbeta or BMP4 signaling but it is induced by retinoic acid treatment, which induces the binding, on the Snai1 promoter, of the retinoid receptors RARgamma and RXRalpha, the dissociation of the Polycomb repressor complex 2 which results in the decrease of H3K27me3, and the increase of histone H3K4me3. Tretinoin 82-95 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 196-204 27086067-4 2016 Retinoic acid, an active metabolite of vitamin A, activates both retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and retinoid X receptors (RXR), inducing epigenetic changes in key regulatory genes governing adipogenesis. Tretinoin 0-13 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 99-119 27086067-4 2016 Retinoic acid, an active metabolite of vitamin A, activates both retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and retinoid X receptors (RXR), inducing epigenetic changes in key regulatory genes governing adipogenesis. Tretinoin 0-13 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 121-124 27078158-0 2016 Retinoid X Receptor Agonists Upregulate Genes Responsible for the Biosynthesis of All-Trans-Retinoic Acid in Human Epidermis. Tretinoin 82-105 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 0-19 25134739-1 2015 Retinoic acid (RA) is a terpenoid that is synthesized from vitamin A/retinol (ROL) and binds to the nuclear receptors retinoic acid receptor (RAR)/retinoid X receptor (RXR) to control multiple developmental processes in vertebrates. Tretinoin 0-13 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 168-171 25134739-1 2015 Retinoic acid (RA) is a terpenoid that is synthesized from vitamin A/retinol (ROL) and binds to the nuclear receptors retinoic acid receptor (RAR)/retinoid X receptor (RXR) to control multiple developmental processes in vertebrates. Tretinoin 15-17 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 147-166 25134739-1 2015 Retinoic acid (RA) is a terpenoid that is synthesized from vitamin A/retinol (ROL) and binds to the nuclear receptors retinoic acid receptor (RAR)/retinoid X receptor (RXR) to control multiple developmental processes in vertebrates. Tretinoin 15-17 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 168-171 25230277-6 2014 The activation of NEK2 in myeloma cells relied on the ALDH1A1-dependent generation of the retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha) ligand, 9-cis retinoic acid (9CRA) - not the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARalpha) ligand, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Tretinoin 141-154 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 90-115 25230277-6 2014 The activation of NEK2 in myeloma cells relied on the ALDH1A1-dependent generation of the retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha) ligand, 9-cis retinoic acid (9CRA) - not the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARalpha) ligand, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Tretinoin 245-249 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 90-115 25230277-6 2014 The activation of NEK2 in myeloma cells relied on the ALDH1A1-dependent generation of the retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha) ligand, 9-cis retinoic acid (9CRA) - not the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARalpha) ligand, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Tretinoin 245-249 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 117-125 23934681-8 2014 Moreover, our results showed that OA displayed synergistic effects with all-trans retinoic acid and VD3 in part related to reduction of intranuclear phosphorylated RXRalpha that has been reported to block nuclear receptor/RXRalpha heterodimer transcriptional activity. Tretinoin 82-95 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 164-172 25450689-2 2014 Although it is appreciated that isomers of retinoic acid activate the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) family of nuclear receptors to elicit cellular changes, the molecular details of retinoic acid action remain poorly defined in immune processes. Tretinoin 43-56 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 103-122 25450689-2 2014 Although it is appreciated that isomers of retinoic acid activate the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) family of nuclear receptors to elicit cellular changes, the molecular details of retinoic acid action remain poorly defined in immune processes. Tretinoin 43-56 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 124-127 26237391-3 2014 Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of vitamin A, is involved in a wide range of biological processes, through binding and activation of nuclear receptors: retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and retinoid X receptors (RXR). Tretinoin 0-13 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 191-211 26237391-3 2014 Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of vitamin A, is involved in a wide range of biological processes, through binding and activation of nuclear receptors: retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and retinoid X receptors (RXR). Tretinoin 0-13 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 213-216 24788806-0 2014 Retinoic acid and GM-CSF coordinately induce retinal dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2) expression through cooperation between the RAR/RXR complex and Sp1 in dendritic cells. Tretinoin 0-13 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 125-128 24788806-10 2014 In the presence of RA, ectopic expression of RARalpha/RXRalpha and Sp1 synergistically enhanced Aldh1a2 promoter-reporter activity. Tretinoin 19-21 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 54-62 23600914-4 2013 The expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 was induced by 24-OHC, as well as TO901317 and retinoic acid, which are ligands of the nuclear receptors liver X receptor/retinoid X receptor (LXR/RXR). Tretinoin 81-94 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 181-184 23396089-3 2013 Fenretinide and ATRA-induced gene expressions and DNA bindings were profiled using microarray and chromatin immunoprecipitation with anti-RXRalpha antibody. Tretinoin 16-20 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 138-146 23352986-1 2013 All-trans retinoic acid (atRA) is the active form of vitamin A, known to activate retinoid receptors, especially the heterodimer retinoid X receptor (RXR):retinoic acid receptor (RAR) that otherwise may play a role in regulation of some drug transporters. Tretinoin 0-23 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 129-148 23396089-10 2013 Most genes regulated by fenretinide and ATRA were bound by RXRalpha, suggesting a direct effect. Tretinoin 40-44 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 59-67 23352986-1 2013 All-trans retinoic acid (atRA) is the active form of vitamin A, known to activate retinoid receptors, especially the heterodimer retinoid X receptor (RXR):retinoic acid receptor (RAR) that otherwise may play a role in regulation of some drug transporters. Tretinoin 0-23 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 150-153 23352986-1 2013 All-trans retinoic acid (atRA) is the active form of vitamin A, known to activate retinoid receptors, especially the heterodimer retinoid X receptor (RXR):retinoic acid receptor (RAR) that otherwise may play a role in regulation of some drug transporters. Tretinoin 25-29 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 129-148 23352986-1 2013 All-trans retinoic acid (atRA) is the active form of vitamin A, known to activate retinoid receptors, especially the heterodimer retinoid X receptor (RXR):retinoic acid receptor (RAR) that otherwise may play a role in regulation of some drug transporters. Tretinoin 25-29 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 150-153 23352986-6 2013 atRA-mediated repressions of OATP2B1, OATP1B1, OAT2 and OCT1 mRNA expression were finally shown to be counteracted by knocking-down expression of RARalpha and RXRalpha through siRNA transfection in HepaRG cells. Tretinoin 0-4 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 159-167 22949521-4 2012 Here, we provide evidence that the inhibitory effect of 9-cis-RA on cell proliferation depends on 9-cis-RA-dependent interaction of retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha) with replication factor C3 (RFC3), which is a subunit of the RFC heteropentamer that opens and closes the circular proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) clamp on DNA. Tretinoin 61-64 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 159-167 23392891-0 2013 Differential regulation of TauT by calcitriol and retinoic acid via VDR/RXR in LLC-PK1 and MCF-7 cells. Tretinoin 50-63 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 72-75 23392891-3 2013 In this study, we test the hypothesis that the TauT gene is regulated by vitamin D(3) (VD(3)) and retinoic acid (RA) via activation of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and retinoic acid receptor (RXR). Tretinoin 98-111 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 192-195 23392891-3 2013 In this study, we test the hypothesis that the TauT gene is regulated by vitamin D(3) (VD(3)) and retinoic acid (RA) via activation of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and retinoic acid receptor (RXR). Tretinoin 113-115 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 192-195 23392891-6 2013 Expression of TauT was significantly increased by RA, which was synergized by the addition of VD(3) after RXR activation in LLC-PK1 cells. Tretinoin 50-52 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 106-109 22871568-1 2012 The vitamin A derivative retinoic acid (RA) is an important regulator of mammalian adiposity and lipid metabolism, primarily acting at the gene expression level through nuclear receptors of the RA receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) subfamilies. Tretinoin 25-38 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 216-235 22871568-1 2012 The vitamin A derivative retinoic acid (RA) is an important regulator of mammalian adiposity and lipid metabolism, primarily acting at the gene expression level through nuclear receptors of the RA receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) subfamilies. Tretinoin 25-38 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 237-240 22871568-1 2012 The vitamin A derivative retinoic acid (RA) is an important regulator of mammalian adiposity and lipid metabolism, primarily acting at the gene expression level through nuclear receptors of the RA receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) subfamilies. Tretinoin 40-42 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 216-235 22871568-1 2012 The vitamin A derivative retinoic acid (RA) is an important regulator of mammalian adiposity and lipid metabolism, primarily acting at the gene expression level through nuclear receptors of the RA receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) subfamilies. Tretinoin 40-42 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 237-240 22871568-6 2012 We conclude that ATRA treatment enhances fatty acid catabolism in hepatocytes through RXR-mediated mechanisms that likely involve the transactivation of the PPARalpha:RXR heterodimer. Tretinoin 17-21 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 86-89 22871568-6 2012 We conclude that ATRA treatment enhances fatty acid catabolism in hepatocytes through RXR-mediated mechanisms that likely involve the transactivation of the PPARalpha:RXR heterodimer. Tretinoin 17-21 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 167-170 22292422-4 2012 VA activities are mediated by the metabolite of retinol catabolism, retinoic acid, which activates the retinoic acid receptor and retinoid X receptor (RXR). Tretinoin 68-81 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 130-149 22539306-6 2012 RXR and FGFR1 co-associate with 5"-Fluorouridine-labeled transcription sites and with RA Responsive Elements (RARE). Tretinoin 86-88 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 0-3 22982681-2 2012 RA responses are mediated by transcriptional activation by the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) in cooperation with various types of coregulators at RA-responsive gene promoters. Tretinoin 0-2 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 96-115 22982681-2 2012 RA responses are mediated by transcriptional activation by the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) in cooperation with various types of coregulators at RA-responsive gene promoters. Tretinoin 0-2 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 117-120 22292422-4 2012 VA activities are mediated by the metabolite of retinol catabolism, retinoic acid, which activates the retinoic acid receptor and retinoid X receptor (RXR). Tretinoin 68-81 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 151-154 21262915-4 2011 RA effects are mediated by RAR/RXR receptors that we show are modified by interactions with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a protein functioning both as a transcription factor and a ligand-dependent adaptor in an ubiquitin ligase complex. Tretinoin 0-2 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 31-34 22355136-4 2012 We previously demonstrated that retinoic acid (RAR-RXR) and vitamin D3 receptors (VDR-RXR) heterodimers recruit only one coactivator molecule asymmetrically without steric hindrance for the binding of a second cofactor. Tretinoin 32-45 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 51-54 22355136-4 2012 We previously demonstrated that retinoic acid (RAR-RXR) and vitamin D3 receptors (VDR-RXR) heterodimers recruit only one coactivator molecule asymmetrically without steric hindrance for the binding of a second cofactor. Tretinoin 32-45 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 86-89 21988834-1 2011 Retinoic acid (RA) triggers physiological processes by activating heterodimeric transcription factors (TFs) comprising retinoic acid receptor (RARalpha, beta, gamma) and retinoid X receptor (RXRalpha, beta, gamma). Tretinoin 0-13 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 143-189 21988834-1 2011 Retinoic acid (RA) triggers physiological processes by activating heterodimeric transcription factors (TFs) comprising retinoic acid receptor (RARalpha, beta, gamma) and retinoid X receptor (RXRalpha, beta, gamma). Tretinoin 0-13 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 191-199 21988834-1 2011 Retinoic acid (RA) triggers physiological processes by activating heterodimeric transcription factors (TFs) comprising retinoic acid receptor (RARalpha, beta, gamma) and retinoid X receptor (RXRalpha, beta, gamma). Tretinoin 15-17 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 143-189 21988834-1 2011 Retinoic acid (RA) triggers physiological processes by activating heterodimeric transcription factors (TFs) comprising retinoic acid receptor (RARalpha, beta, gamma) and retinoid X receptor (RXRalpha, beta, gamma). Tretinoin 15-17 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 191-199 21988834-3 2011 Using an RA-inducible differentiation model, we defined the temporal changes in the genome-wide binding patterns of RARgamma and RXRalpha and correlated them with transcription regulation. Tretinoin 9-11 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 129-137 22353356-5 2012 The stimulatory effects of ATRA on ABCG1 expression were completely abolished in the presence of RAR/RXR antagonists but were only partially canceled in the presence of an LXR antagonist. Tretinoin 27-31 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 101-104 22108894-1 2012 Retinoic acid (RA) is a vitamin A derivative, which modifies the appearance of fine wrinkles and roughness of facial skin and treats acne and activates gene transcription by binding to heterodimers of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and the retinoic X receptor (RXR). Tretinoin 0-13 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 242-261 22108894-1 2012 Retinoic acid (RA) is a vitamin A derivative, which modifies the appearance of fine wrinkles and roughness of facial skin and treats acne and activates gene transcription by binding to heterodimers of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and the retinoic X receptor (RXR). Tretinoin 0-13 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 263-266 22108894-1 2012 Retinoic acid (RA) is a vitamin A derivative, which modifies the appearance of fine wrinkles and roughness of facial skin and treats acne and activates gene transcription by binding to heterodimers of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and the retinoic X receptor (RXR). Tretinoin 15-17 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 242-261 22108894-1 2012 Retinoic acid (RA) is a vitamin A derivative, which modifies the appearance of fine wrinkles and roughness of facial skin and treats acne and activates gene transcription by binding to heterodimers of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and the retinoic X receptor (RXR). Tretinoin 15-17 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 263-266 21673049-4 2011 In this study, on the basis of immunocytochemical analysis, western blots, and quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR, we could demonstrate a reduced expression of RXRalpha in choriocarcinoma cell lines and in human VTs after stimulation with the retinoids 9-cis-retinoic acid and all-trans-retinoic acid and the prostaglandin 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2). Tretinoin 272-286 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 174-182 21736279-2 2011 The effects of ATRA on the proliferation of cells and gene regulation are mediated by retinoid receptors (RAR and RXR), which belong to the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand- inducible transcription factors. Tretinoin 15-19 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 114-117 22022577-5 2011 More intriguingly, the level of GRP75/RARalpha/RXRalpha tripartite complexes was tightly associated with the RA-induced suppression of tumor growth in animals and the histological grade of differentiation in human NB tumors. Tretinoin 38-40 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 47-55 20562004-7 2010 Thus, atRA was shown to induce BCRP gene expression probably via the RAR/RXR signalling pathway, resulting in effective removal of B[a]P metabolites from intestinal cells. Tretinoin 6-10 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 73-76 21674038-6 2011 Using immunohistochemistry to detect RA receptors RARalpha, beta and RXRalpha, we find germ cells to be the predominant target of RA signalling in the fetal human ovary, but also reveal widespread receptor nuclear localization indicative of signalling in the testis, suggesting that human fetal testicular germ cells are not efficiently shielded from RA by the action of the RA-metabolising enzyme CYP26B1. Tretinoin 37-39 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 69-77 20870174-2 2010 RA augmentation involved the binding of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) to a dominant site in enhancer I and a subordinate site in the promoter. Tretinoin 0-2 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 73-92 20870174-2 2010 RA augmentation involved the binding of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) to a dominant site in enhancer I and a subordinate site in the promoter. Tretinoin 0-2 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 94-97 20648638-4 2010 RA acts through its binding to RA receptors (RAR) and retinoid X receptors (RXR), two members of the superfamily of nuclear receptors that act as ligand-dependent transcription factors. Tretinoin 0-2 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 54-74 20648638-4 2010 RA acts through its binding to RA receptors (RAR) and retinoid X receptors (RXR), two members of the superfamily of nuclear receptors that act as ligand-dependent transcription factors. Tretinoin 0-2 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 76-79 20338915-0 2010 Retinoic acid represses CYP7A1 expression in human hepatocytes and HepG2 cells by FXR/RXR-dependent and independent mechanisms. Tretinoin 0-13 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 86-89 20338915-4 2010 Our present study revealed that CYP7A1 mRNA expression is greatly repressed by RA in both human hepatocytes and HepG2 cells where increased fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) and small heterodimer partner (SHP) expressions were also observed, suggesting farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) were activated. Tretinoin 79-81 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 286-305 20338915-4 2010 Our present study revealed that CYP7A1 mRNA expression is greatly repressed by RA in both human hepatocytes and HepG2 cells where increased fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) and small heterodimer partner (SHP) expressions were also observed, suggesting farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) were activated. Tretinoin 79-81 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 307-310 20338915-7 2010 Knocking down of FXR or RXRalpha by small interference RNA (siRNA) in human hepatocytes increased CYP7A1 basal expression, but the repressive effect of atRA persisted, suggesting there are also FXR/RXR-independent mechanisms mediating atRA repression of CYP7A1 expression. Tretinoin 152-156 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 24-32 20338915-7 2010 Knocking down of FXR or RXRalpha by small interference RNA (siRNA) in human hepatocytes increased CYP7A1 basal expression, but the repressive effect of atRA persisted, suggesting there are also FXR/RXR-independent mechanisms mediating atRA repression of CYP7A1 expression. Tretinoin 152-156 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 24-27 19538480-8 2010 Chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated that interactions between RARs, RXRs and t-PA promoter were time dependent: RAR-alpha/RXR-alpha bound DR5 motif before and up to 12 hrs of RA exposure, and RAR-beta/RXR-alpha bound DR5 response element after 12 hrs of RA treatment. Tretinoin 69-71 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 129-138 19538480-8 2010 Chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated that interactions between RARs, RXRs and t-PA promoter were time dependent: RAR-alpha/RXR-alpha bound DR5 motif before and up to 12 hrs of RA exposure, and RAR-beta/RXR-alpha bound DR5 response element after 12 hrs of RA treatment. Tretinoin 69-71 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 208-217 19538480-8 2010 Chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated that interactions between RARs, RXRs and t-PA promoter were time dependent: RAR-alpha/RXR-alpha bound DR5 motif before and up to 12 hrs of RA exposure, and RAR-beta/RXR-alpha bound DR5 response element after 12 hrs of RA treatment. Tretinoin 119-121 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 208-217 20428830-0 2010 The cleavage fragment of retinoid X receptor-alpha ligand binding domain inhibits radiosensitization by retinoic acid. Tretinoin 104-117 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 25-50 20428830-2 2010 Previous finding that ligand binding domain (LBD) fragment of RXR alpha specifically inhibits retinoic acid receptor-gamma (RAR gamma) activity led us to investigate the functional role of RXR alpha LBD fragment in radiosensitization by retinoic acid (RA). Tretinoin 94-107 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 62-71 20428830-2 2010 Previous finding that ligand binding domain (LBD) fragment of RXR alpha specifically inhibits retinoic acid receptor-gamma (RAR gamma) activity led us to investigate the functional role of RXR alpha LBD fragment in radiosensitization by retinoic acid (RA). Tretinoin 124-126 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 62-71 20428830-3 2010 Ectopic expression of RXR alpha LBD fragment in cells that do not have a detectable endogenous RXR alpha LBD fragment, blocked synergistic radiosensitizing action of RA, as determined by growth inhibition, cell death and colony formation assays. Tretinoin 166-168 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 22-31 20428830-6 2010 Taken together, we hypothesize that the RXR alpha LBD fragment may act as a negative regulator of radiosensitizing effect of RA by restricting the RAR gamma-mediated biological response to RA. Tretinoin 125-127 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 40-49 20428830-6 2010 Taken together, we hypothesize that the RXR alpha LBD fragment may act as a negative regulator of radiosensitizing effect of RA by restricting the RAR gamma-mediated biological response to RA. Tretinoin 147-149 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 40-49 20159609-4 2010 Genome-wide epigenetic studies revealed that treatment with pharmacological doses of all-trans retinoic acid induces changes in H3 acetylation, but not H3K27me3, H3K9me3, or DNA methylation at the PML-RARalpha/RXR binding sites or at nearby target genes. Tretinoin 95-108 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 210-213 19653098-9 2010 Retinoic acid signaling via the retinoid X-receptor (RXR) has shown promise to be a major regulator of reproductive tract recrudescence. Tretinoin 0-13 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 32-51 19653098-9 2010 Retinoic acid signaling via the retinoid X-receptor (RXR) has shown promise to be a major regulator of reproductive tract recrudescence. Tretinoin 0-13 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 53-56 19861119-7 2009 Moreover, via up-regulation of FABP5 Nurr1 can enhance retinoic acid-induced signaling of PPARbeta/delta and DHA-induced activation of RXR. Tretinoin 55-68 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 135-138 18786169-5 2008 It is capable of independently mediating the RA effect in a heterologous promoter context and its disruption caused significant reduction of RA/RXR transactivation of the SOX3 promoter. Tretinoin 45-47 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 144-147 19467017-14 2009 CONCLUSION: Concomitant RXRalpha activation by ATRA enhanced the inhibitory effects of RGZ on myeloma cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis and differentiation. Tretinoin 47-51 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 24-32 27635169-7 2009 Considering the mitogenic effects of RA, the RA-activated RXRalpha would likely then influence hepatocyte proliferation and liver tissue repair. Tretinoin 37-39 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 58-66 27635169-9 2009 This review summarizes the activation of nuclear receptors (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-alpha, pregnane x receptor, constitutive androstane receptor, and farnesoid x receptor) in an RXRalpha dependent manner to induce hepatocyte proliferation, providing a link between RA and its proliferative role. Tretinoin 284-286 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 197-205 18752469-1 2009 Signalling by small molecules, such as retinoic acid, is mediated by heterodimers comprising a class II nuclear receptor and an RXR (retinoid X receptor) subunit. Tretinoin 39-52 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 128-131 18752469-1 2009 Signalling by small molecules, such as retinoic acid, is mediated by heterodimers comprising a class II nuclear receptor and an RXR (retinoid X receptor) subunit. Tretinoin 39-52 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 133-152 19317219-9 2009 We demonstrated that histone acetylation by the PPARgamma agonist CDDO, RAR/RXR agonist ATRA, and/or histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) reversed the silenced RARbeta and MDR1 genes in acute promyelocytic leukemia, and that HDACI induced apoptosis with phagocytosis through the induction of Annexin A1 in AML1/ETO-positive acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) cells. Tretinoin 88-92 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 76-79 18840407-3 2008 Cells with low membrane potential treated with 9-cis RA showed significantly lower amounts of RXRalpha in mitochondria. Tretinoin 53-55 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 94-102 18922886-1 2008 The retinoic acids all-trans retinoic acid (AT-RA) and 9-cis retinoic acid (9C-RA) and the retinoic acid receptors RAR and RXR significantly induce transcriptional activity from a 200-bp PKD1 proximal promoter in transfected mammalian cells. Tretinoin 4-18 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 123-126 18922886-1 2008 The retinoic acids all-trans retinoic acid (AT-RA) and 9-cis retinoic acid (9C-RA) and the retinoic acid receptors RAR and RXR significantly induce transcriptional activity from a 200-bp PKD1 proximal promoter in transfected mammalian cells. Tretinoin 4-17 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 123-126 18786169-6 2008 Furthermore, by using synthetic antagonists of retinoid receptors, we have shown for the first time, that RA-induced SOX3 gene expression could be significantly down-regulated by the synthetic antagonist of RXR. Tretinoin 106-108 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 207-210 18632758-4 2008 Combining MN1 expression with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), the ligand of the RAR/RXR dimer, showed that MN1 could both enhance and repress ATRA effects. Tretinoin 40-53 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 84-87 18632758-4 2008 Combining MN1 expression with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), the ligand of the RAR/RXR dimer, showed that MN1 could both enhance and repress ATRA effects. Tretinoin 55-59 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 84-87 18207673-1 2008 The aim of this study is to investigate the chemical retinoic acid (RA) disruption at the level of retinoid X receptor (RXR) functioning. Tretinoin 53-66 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 120-123 18781795-3 2008 Here we report two monomethylated residues, Lys (109) and Lys (171) identified by LC-ESI-MS/MS in the DNA binding domain (DBD) and the hinge region, which affect retinoic acid (RA) sensitivity, coregulator interaction and heterodimerization with retinoid X receptor (RXR) in the context of the full-length protein. Tretinoin 162-175 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 246-265 18781795-3 2008 Here we report two monomethylated residues, Lys (109) and Lys (171) identified by LC-ESI-MS/MS in the DNA binding domain (DBD) and the hinge region, which affect retinoic acid (RA) sensitivity, coregulator interaction and heterodimerization with retinoid X receptor (RXR) in the context of the full-length protein. Tretinoin 162-175 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 267-270 18781795-3 2008 Here we report two monomethylated residues, Lys (109) and Lys (171) identified by LC-ESI-MS/MS in the DNA binding domain (DBD) and the hinge region, which affect retinoic acid (RA) sensitivity, coregulator interaction and heterodimerization with retinoid X receptor (RXR) in the context of the full-length protein. Tretinoin 177-179 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 246-265 18781795-3 2008 Here we report two monomethylated residues, Lys (109) and Lys (171) identified by LC-ESI-MS/MS in the DNA binding domain (DBD) and the hinge region, which affect retinoic acid (RA) sensitivity, coregulator interaction and heterodimerization with retinoid X receptor (RXR) in the context of the full-length protein. Tretinoin 177-179 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 267-270 18082883-0 2008 Retinoid X receptor alpha is highly phosphorylated in retinoic acid-resistant HL-60R cells and the combination of 9-cis retinoic acid plus MEK inhibitor induces apoptosis in the cells. Tretinoin 54-67 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 0-25 18082883-1 2008 We examined the effects of 9-cis retinoic acid (RA) on the expression levels of retinoid X receptor alpha (RXR alpha) and its phosphorylated form (p-RXR alpha) in HL-60 and HL-60R cells. Tretinoin 48-50 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 80-105 18082883-1 2008 We examined the effects of 9-cis retinoic acid (RA) on the expression levels of retinoid X receptor alpha (RXR alpha) and its phosphorylated form (p-RXR alpha) in HL-60 and HL-60R cells. Tretinoin 48-50 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 107-116 18082883-1 2008 We examined the effects of 9-cis retinoic acid (RA) on the expression levels of retinoid X receptor alpha (RXR alpha) and its phosphorylated form (p-RXR alpha) in HL-60 and HL-60R cells. Tretinoin 48-50 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 149-158 18082883-2 2008 9-cis RA reduced both RXR alpha and p-RXR alpha in HL-60 cells, but did neither in HL-60R cells. Tretinoin 6-8 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 22-31 18082883-2 2008 9-cis RA reduced both RXR alpha and p-RXR alpha in HL-60 cells, but did neither in HL-60R cells. Tretinoin 6-8 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 38-47 18082883-3 2008 However, when the HL-60R cells were treated with the combination of 9-cis RA plus PD98059, MEK inhibitor, the p-RXR alpha and RXR alpha proteins all markedly decreased. Tretinoin 74-76 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 112-121 18082883-3 2008 However, when the HL-60R cells were treated with the combination of 9-cis RA plus PD98059, MEK inhibitor, the p-RXR alpha and RXR alpha proteins all markedly decreased. Tretinoin 74-76 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 126-135 18082883-5 2008 Phosphorylation of RXR alpha might be associated with RA-resistance in HL-60R cells. Tretinoin 54-56 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 19-28 18270252-11 2008 Finally, immunoprecipitationimmunoblotting demonstrated RA-induced interactions between RARalpha/RXRalpha and SP1/SP3 in intact endometrial cells. Tretinoin 56-58 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 97-105 18270252-12 2008 CONCLUSIONS: In endometrial epithelial cells, RA stimulates formation of a multimeric complex comprised of RARalpha/RXRalpha tethered to transcription factors SP1 and SP3 on the HSD17B2 promoter. Tretinoin 46-48 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 116-124 18492826-4 2008 Three RXR-binding elements [retinoic acid response element (RARE)1/PCK1, RARE2, and RARE3/PCK2] were previously located in the promoter of Pck1. Tretinoin 28-41 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 6-9 18020317-1 2008 The ab initio fragment molecular orbital (FMO) calculations were performed for retinoid X receptor (RXR) complexes with its ligand 9-cis retinoic acid (9cRA) and steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC1) to examine the influence of mutations in transcriptional activation function 2 activating domain core (AF2C) of RXR on molecular interactions between 9cRA liganded RXR and SRC1 coactivator. Tretinoin 137-150 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 79-98 18020317-1 2008 The ab initio fragment molecular orbital (FMO) calculations were performed for retinoid X receptor (RXR) complexes with its ligand 9-cis retinoic acid (9cRA) and steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC1) to examine the influence of mutations in transcriptional activation function 2 activating domain core (AF2C) of RXR on molecular interactions between 9cRA liganded RXR and SRC1 coactivator. Tretinoin 137-150 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 100-103 18207673-1 2008 The aim of this study is to investigate the chemical retinoic acid (RA) disruption at the level of retinoid X receptor (RXR) functioning. Tretinoin 68-70 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 120-123 18207673-2 2008 This assay makes use of recombined human RXR gene and reporter gene yeast, which specifically expresses beta-galactosidase when incubated with exogenous 9-cis retinoic acid (9-cis RA). Tretinoin 180-182 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 41-44 17641689-1 2007 We isolated MED25, which associates with retinoic acid (RA)-bound retinoic acid receptor (RAR) through the C-terminal nuclear hormone receptor (NR) box/LxxLL motif, and increases RAR/RXR-mediated transcription. Tretinoin 41-54 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 183-186 18345250-2 2007 Both retinoids and rexinoids are either natural or synthetic compounds related to retinoic acids that act through interaction with two basic types of nuclear receptors belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily: All-trans retinoic acid receptors (RARalpha, RARbeta, and RARgamma) and retinoid X receptors (RXRalpha, RXRbeta and RXRgamma) as retinoid-inducible transcription factors. Tretinoin 82-96 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 309-317 18327422-6 2008 RESULTS: TACO gene down-regulation observed with vitamin D(3)/RA treatment occurred through modulation of this gene via the VDR/RXR response sequence present in the promoter region of TACO gene. Tretinoin 62-64 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 128-131 18444141-1 2008 Retinol utilizes a retinoid X receptor (RXR)-mediated degradation pathway to decrease beta-catenin protein in all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-resistant human colon cancer cells. Tretinoin 120-133 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 19-38 18444141-1 2008 Retinol utilizes a retinoid X receptor (RXR)-mediated degradation pathway to decrease beta-catenin protein in all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-resistant human colon cancer cells. Tretinoin 120-133 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 40-43 18444141-1 2008 Retinol utilizes a retinoid X receptor (RXR)-mediated degradation pathway to decrease beta-catenin protein in all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-resistant human colon cancer cells. Tretinoin 135-139 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 19-38 18444141-1 2008 Retinol utilizes a retinoid X receptor (RXR)-mediated degradation pathway to decrease beta-catenin protein in all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-resistant human colon cancer cells. Tretinoin 135-139 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 40-43 17656367-4 2007 Structural overlap of a retinoic acid response element with these retinoid X response elements led to a high affinity binding of retinoic acid receptor/RXR heterodimer to the retinoic acid response element, resulting in the prevention of RXR ligand-mediated p21 transactivation. Tretinoin 24-37 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 152-155 17656367-4 2007 Structural overlap of a retinoic acid response element with these retinoid X response elements led to a high affinity binding of retinoic acid receptor/RXR heterodimer to the retinoic acid response element, resulting in the prevention of RXR ligand-mediated p21 transactivation. Tretinoin 24-37 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 238-241 17656367-4 2007 Structural overlap of a retinoic acid response element with these retinoid X response elements led to a high affinity binding of retinoic acid receptor/RXR heterodimer to the retinoic acid response element, resulting in the prevention of RXR ligand-mediated p21 transactivation. Tretinoin 129-142 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 152-155 17656367-4 2007 Structural overlap of a retinoic acid response element with these retinoid X response elements led to a high affinity binding of retinoic acid receptor/RXR heterodimer to the retinoic acid response element, resulting in the prevention of RXR ligand-mediated p21 transactivation. Tretinoin 129-142 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 238-241 17538076-7 2007 Together, these data indicate that regulation of HSD17B2 mRNA levels and enzymatic activity by RA in the placenta is mediated by RARA and RXRA. Tretinoin 95-97 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 138-142 17641689-1 2007 We isolated MED25, which associates with retinoic acid (RA)-bound retinoic acid receptor (RAR) through the C-terminal nuclear hormone receptor (NR) box/LxxLL motif, and increases RAR/RXR-mediated transcription. Tretinoin 56-58 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 183-186 17491551-1 2007 Retinoids are natural and synthetic compounds related to retinoic acid that act through interaction with two basic types of nuclear receptors: retinoic acid receptors (RARalpha, RARbeta and RARgamma) and retinoid X receptors (RXRalpha, RXRbeta and RXRgamma) as ligand-activated, DNA-binding, transacting, transcription-modulating proteins involved in a general molecular mechanism responsible for transcriptional responses in target genes. Tretinoin 57-70 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 226-234 17475324-0 2007 RXRalpha regulates the pregnancy-specific glycoprotein 5 gene transcription through a functional retinoic acid responsive element. Tretinoin 97-110 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 17451432-8 2007 Treatment of cells with the RARalpha/RXRalpha ligands, all-trans retinoic acid and 9-cis-retinoic acid, reduced and increased GnRH II gene expression in TE671 and JEG-3 cells, respectively. Tretinoin 65-78 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 37-45 17306764-0 2007 Retinoic acid activates human inducible nitric oxide synthase gene through binding of RARalpha/RXRalpha heterodimer to a novel retinoic acid response element in the promoter. Tretinoin 0-13 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 95-103 17306764-0 2007 Retinoic acid activates human inducible nitric oxide synthase gene through binding of RARalpha/RXRalpha heterodimer to a novel retinoic acid response element in the promoter. Tretinoin 127-140 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 95-103 17170071-8 2007 These results suggest that switching of the ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent degradation of RXRalpha by phosphorylation in leiomyomas may be responsible for the accumulation of the receptor and the consequent dysregulation of retinoic acid target genes. Tretinoin 224-237 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 90-98 17223708-7 2007 The RXR ligand, 9-cis-RA, generates a second SRC-1 site and increases the affinity by improving the entropic component of binding. Tretinoin 16-24 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 4-7 17234770-7 2007 Additionally, we identify a RA response element in the Btg2 promoter and show that the element binds retinoid X receptor/RAR heterodimers in vitro, is occupied by the heterodimers in cells, and can drive RA-induced activation of a reporter gene. Tretinoin 28-30 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 101-120 17234770-7 2007 Additionally, we identify a RA response element in the Btg2 promoter and show that the element binds retinoid X receptor/RAR heterodimers in vitro, is occupied by the heterodimers in cells, and can drive RA-induced activation of a reporter gene. Tretinoin 121-123 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 101-120 17204142-15 2007 Pre-incubation of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells with either RAR-pan-antagonist LE540 or MAP kinase kinase 1 (MEK-1) inhibitor PD98059 resulted in the abolition of ATRA-induced COX-2 promoter activity, COX-2 protein expression and PGE2 production whereas the retinoid X receptor pan-antagonist HX531, the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 or the c-Jun kinase inhibitor SP600125 did not have any effect. Tretinoin 167-171 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 262-281