PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 10203002-0 1999 The effect of L-carnitine on insulin resistance in hemodialysed patients with chronic renal failure. Carnitine 14-25 insulin Homo sapiens 29-36 10203002-6 1999 This result suggests that L-carnitine may improve the insulin resistance common among uremic patients. Carnitine 26-37 insulin Homo sapiens 54-61 9526175-5 1997 Study results showed that the administration of carnitine lead to an improvement in glucose metabolism, as demonstrated by a saving in insulin secretion accompanied, at least on a temporary basis, by a corresponding decrease in blood glucose which, however, remained within normal parameters. Carnitine 48-57 insulin Homo sapiens 135-142 8219654-3 1993 Carnitine levels were observed before and during metabolic intervention with dietary measures and either sulfonylurea or insulin treatment. Carnitine 0-9 insulin Homo sapiens 121-128 7825532-8 1995 The plasma insulin concentration tended to be positively correlated with the degree of fat infiltration and negatively correlated with the liver carnitine content. Carnitine 145-154 insulin Homo sapiens 11-18 7758398-0 1994 The effect of L-carnitine, administered through intravenous infusion of glucose, on both glucose and insulin levels in healthy subjects. Carnitine 14-25 insulin Homo sapiens 101-108 7758398-1 1994 The goal of the present study was to evaluate the effect of L-carnitine on plasma glucose and insulin levels. Carnitine 60-71 insulin Homo sapiens 94-101 1408468-0 1992 Enterohepatic distribution of carnitine in developing piglets: relation to glucagon and insulin. Carnitine 30-39 insulin Homo sapiens 88-95 1408468-9 1992 The finding of a similar pattern in glucagon-to-insulin ratio suggests that both hormones may participate in the regulation of enterohepatic carnitine distribution in newborns. Carnitine 141-150 insulin Homo sapiens 48-55 34434943-6 2021 Based on the "multiple hit" hypothesis, carnitine inhibits beta-oxidation, improves mitochondrial dysfunction, and reduces insulin resistance to ameliorate NAFLD. Carnitine 40-49 insulin Homo sapiens 123-130 34909045-0 2022 L-carnitine supplementation ameliorates insulin resistance in critically ill acute stroke patients: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Carnitine 0-11 insulin Homo sapiens 40-47 34909045-8 2022 LC administration showed a decrease in mean difference of HOMA-IR and insulin levels at day 7 compared to placebo, -0.94 +- 1.92 vs 0.87 +- 2.24 (P = 0.01) and -2.26 +- 6.81 vs 0.88 +- 4.95 (P = 0.03), respectively. Carnitine 0-2 insulin Homo sapiens 70-77 1778112-0 1991 Carnitine improves peripheral glucose disposal in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Carnitine 0-9 insulin Homo sapiens 54-61 1778112-7 1991 We conclude that an acute carnitine administration is able to improve insulin sensitivity in NIDDM patients. Carnitine 26-35 insulin Homo sapiens 70-77 34727201-9 2022 CONCLUSION: 12-week L-carnitine supplementation in overweight or obese women with PCOS ameliorate insulin resistance, but has no effect on SHBG and lipid profile. Carnitine 20-31 insulin Homo sapiens 98-105 31665391-13 2020 The associations may involve pathways of phospholipid metabolism, carnitine metabolism, and development of insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Carnitine 66-75 insulin Homo sapiens 107-114 34448864-16 2021 The metabolites TMAO, carnitine, gamma-butyrobetaine, and crotonobetaine may be associated with insulin resistance, and betaine and choline may be associated with greater insulin sensitivity, but temporality of the associations was not established. Carnitine 22-31 insulin Homo sapiens 96-103 2697461-0 1989 Effect of exogenous insulin on plasma free carnitine levels during exercise in normal man. Carnitine 43-52 insulin Homo sapiens 20-27 3102372-7 1986 But they could lead to the following conclusions: Carnitine obviously reduces the insulin resistance. Carnitine 50-59 insulin Homo sapiens 82-89 33464721-2 2021 We hypothesized that increasing muscle total carnitine content in older men would increase fat oxidation and IMCL utilization during exercise, and improve insulin sensitivity. Carnitine 45-54 insulin Homo sapiens 155-162 33174793-0 2020 Expression of concern: Oral carnitine supplementation influences mental health parameters and biomarkers of oxidative stress in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial and The effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on gene expression related to insulin, lipid and inflammation in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Carnitine 28-37 insulin Homo sapiens 297-304 3059823-0 1988 Interaction of carnitine with insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism in humans. Carnitine 15-24 insulin Homo sapiens 30-37 3059823-3 1988 At similar steady-state plasma insulin levels (75 microU/ml), carnitine infusion was associated with a 17 +/- 3% stimulation of whole body glucose utilization (6.56 +/- 0.60 vs. 5.57 +/- 0.44 mg.min-1.kg-1, P less than 0.001). Carnitine 62-71 insulin Homo sapiens 31-38 33453499-8 2021 L-carnitine administration to hepatocytes modulated the transcription of key nuclear receptor target genes, including ALDH1A1, a promoter of adipogenesis, and OGT, a contributor to insulin resistance. Carnitine 0-11 insulin Homo sapiens 181-188 33453499-10 2021 Overall, these findings indicate that L-carnitine modulates the activity and expression of nuclear receptors, thereby promoting lipolytic gene expression and decreasing transcription of target genes linked to adipogenesis and insulin resistance. Carnitine 38-49 insulin Homo sapiens 226-233 32976523-1 2020 BACKGROUND: Low carnitine status may underlie the development of insulin resistance and metabolic inflexibility. Carnitine 16-25 insulin Homo sapiens 65-72 32976523-3 2020 Here, we hypothesized that co-infusion of L-carnitine may alleviate lipid-induced insulin resistance and metabolic inflexibility. Carnitine 42-53 insulin Homo sapiens 82-89 32976523-10 2020 Possibly, lipid-induced insulin resistance may also have affected carnitine uptake and may have blunted the insulin-induced carnitine storage in muscle. Carnitine 66-75 insulin Homo sapiens 24-31 32976523-10 2020 Possibly, lipid-induced insulin resistance may also have affected carnitine uptake and may have blunted the insulin-induced carnitine storage in muscle. Carnitine 124-133 insulin Homo sapiens 24-31 32976523-10 2020 Possibly, lipid-induced insulin resistance may also have affected carnitine uptake and may have blunted the insulin-induced carnitine storage in muscle. Carnitine 124-133 insulin Homo sapiens 108-115 31908508-7 2019 Reduced level of carnitine in T2D patients is known to participate in the impaired insulin-stimulated glucose utilization, while reduced betaine level in T2D patients is known as a common feature of this metabolic syndrome and can result in the reduced glycine production and the occurrence of insulin resistance. Carnitine 17-26 insulin Homo sapiens 83-90 31987257-9 2020 The results demonstrated that carnitine supplementation significantly reduced homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (WMD: -0.91; 95 % CI: -1.11, -0.72; p < 0.001, I2 = 0.0 %) and the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (WMD: -16.62; 95 % CI: -28.11, -5.14; IU/l; p = 0.005, I2 = 93.5 %), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (WMD: -33.39; 95 % CI: -45.13, -21.66; IU/l; p < 0.001, I2 = 93.4 %), and triglycerides (TG) (WMD: -22.13; 95 % CI: -38.91, -5.34; mg/dl; p = 0.01; I2 = 0.0 %). Carnitine 30-39 insulin Homo sapiens 110-117 31450550-1 2019 l-carnitine is an important co-factor in fatty-acid metabolism, and its deficiency is associated with insulin resistance, which is independently associated with arterial stiffness. Carnitine 0-11 insulin Homo sapiens 102-109 31676389-3 2019 Here, we investigated whether carnitine supplementation improves metabolic flexibility and insulin sensitivity in impaired glucose tolerant (IGT) volunteers. Carnitine 30-39 insulin Homo sapiens 91-98 31611746-5 2019 L-carnitine supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (WMD: -4.57; 95 % CI: -6.88, -2.25), insulin (WMD: -1.21; 95 % CI: -1.85, -0.57), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (WMD: -0.67; 95 % CI: -0.90, -0.44) and HbA1C concentrations (WMD: -0.30; 95 % CI: -0.47, -0.13). Carnitine 0-11 insulin Homo sapiens 133-140 31611746-5 2019 L-carnitine supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (WMD: -4.57; 95 % CI: -6.88, -2.25), insulin (WMD: -1.21; 95 % CI: -1.85, -0.57), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (WMD: -0.67; 95 % CI: -0.90, -0.44) and HbA1C concentrations (WMD: -0.30; 95 % CI: -0.47, -0.13). Carnitine 0-11 insulin Homo sapiens 211-218 31611746-6 2019 L-Carnitine supplementation significantly reduced FPG, insulin, HOMA-IR, and HbA1c levels. Carnitine 0-11 insulin Homo sapiens 55-62 30972022-6 2019 Results: Serum L-carnitine level was positively correlated with serum triglyceride (TG), serum insulin, IR in males with normal fasting glucose (p < 0.05 for all) and positively correlated with only serum TG (p < 0.05) in those with hyperglycemia. Carnitine 15-26 insulin Homo sapiens 95-102 30806102-9 2019 l-Carnitine may act synergistically with metformin for improvement of reproductive performance, insulin resistance, and lipid profile in clomiphene-resistant obese PCOS women. Carnitine 0-11 insulin Homo sapiens 96-103 30972022-7 2019 In females, significant positive correlations were identified between serum L-carnitine level with obesity, serum total cholesterol, glucose, insulin, and IR in those with normal fasting glucose level (p < 0.05 for all), while none was found in those with hyperglycemia. Carnitine 76-87 insulin Homo sapiens 142-149 30641691-0 2019 Comparative study to evaluate the effect of l-carnitine plus glimepiride versus glimepiride alone on insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients. Carnitine 44-55 insulin Homo sapiens 101-108 29860242-5 2019 RESULTS: Greater decreases in choline and L-carnitine were significantly (p<0.05) associated with greater improvements in fasting insulin concentrations and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) at 6 months. Carnitine 42-53 insulin Homo sapiens 133-140 29860242-5 2019 RESULTS: Greater decreases in choline and L-carnitine were significantly (p<0.05) associated with greater improvements in fasting insulin concentrations and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) at 6 months. Carnitine 42-53 insulin Homo sapiens 192-199 29860242-10 2019 CONCLUSION: Our findings underscore the importance of changes in TMAO, choline and L-carnitine in improving insulin sensitivity during a weight-loss intervention for obese patients. Carnitine 83-94 insulin Homo sapiens 108-115 30641691-7 2019 RESULTS: The obtained data suggested that adding l-carnitine to glimepiride has a significantly beneficial effect on FBG, PPBG, HbA1c, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR index, IRAPe, TNF-alpha, visfatin and lipid panel parameters but doesn"t have effect on BMI and blood pressure. Carnitine 49-60 insulin Homo sapiens 143-150 30641691-8 2019 CONCLUSION: The co-administration of l-carnitine with glimepiride represents a new therapeutic strategy for better controlling diabetic patients as it resulted in more beneficial effects on direct and indirect biomarkers of insulin resistance than glimepiride alone. Carnitine 37-48 insulin Homo sapiens 224-231 30433876-12 2018 Insulin resistance was not related to lipid phenotypes, but to Apo B levels and carnitine levels. Carnitine 80-89 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 29241711-9 2018 Additionally, carnitine reduces hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperglycemia, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, obesity, etc. Carnitine 14-23 insulin Homo sapiens 100-107 28141959-5 2017 In addition, this study hypothesised that low L-carnitine levels in PCOS patients were associated with obesity and/or insulin resistance. Carnitine 46-57 insulin Homo sapiens 118-125 28141959-7 2017 This study implied that L-carnitine could be used as an adjunctive therapy in the management of insulin resistance or obesity in women who have PCOS. Carnitine 24-35 insulin Homo sapiens 96-103 28141959-8 2017 Further research might be planned to clarify the clinical effects of L-carnitine administration in PCOS patients with insulin resistance and/or obesity. Carnitine 69-80 insulin Homo sapiens 118-125 27112275-2 2016 Elevated acylcarnitine levels are found in obese, insulin resistant humans and rodents, and coincide with lower free carnitine. Carnitine 13-22 insulin Homo sapiens 50-57 28791854-0 2017 L-carnitine treatment of insulin resistance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Carnitine 0-11 insulin Homo sapiens 25-32 28791854-2 2017 However, the efficacy of L-carnitine treating insulin resistance (IR) remains controversial. Carnitine 25-36 insulin Homo sapiens 46-53 27895387-3 2016 It is known that an increase in the mitochondrial acetyl-CoA (AcCoA)/CoA ratio causes insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, and this ratio is regulated by carnitine acetyltransferase that exchanges acetyl moiety between CoA and carnitine. Carnitine 156-165 insulin Homo sapiens 86-93 27112275-3 2016 We hypothesized that increasing free carnitine levels by administration of the carnitine precursor gamma-butyrobetaine (gammaBB) could facilitate FAO, thereby improving insulin sensitivity. Carnitine 37-46 insulin Homo sapiens 169-176 27112275-3 2016 We hypothesized that increasing free carnitine levels by administration of the carnitine precursor gamma-butyrobetaine (gammaBB) could facilitate FAO, thereby improving insulin sensitivity. Carnitine 79-88 insulin Homo sapiens 169-176 26847429-7 2016 Treatment with a low-lysine dietary regimen and carnitine supplementation was started and resulted in an improvement in metabolic control and a reduction of hypoglycemic episodes along with an increasing in insulin daily dose. Carnitine 48-57 insulin Homo sapiens 207-214 21764223-5 2011 Measures which enhance adipocyte insulin sensitivity--such as pioglitazone, astaxanthin, and spirulina--may also be helpful in this regard, as may agents that boost hepatocyte capacity for fatty acid oxidation, such as metformin, carnitine, hydroxycitrate, long-chain omega-3 fats, and glycine. Carnitine 230-239 insulin Homo sapiens 33-40 26666519-0 2016 Oral carnitine supplementation reduces body weight and insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Carnitine 5-14 insulin Homo sapiens 55-62 26675771-0 2016 Protein ingestion acutely inhibits insulin-stimulated muscle carnitine uptake in healthy young men. Carnitine 61-70 insulin Homo sapiens 35-42 26675771-2 2016 OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether whey protein ingestion could reduce the carbohydrate load required to stimulate insulin-mediated muscle carnitine accretion. Carnitine 139-148 insulin Homo sapiens 115-122 26675771-8 2016 CONCLUSIONS: The insulin-mediated increase in forearm carnitine balance with carbohydrate consumption was acutely blunted by a carbohydrate+protein beverage, which suggests that carbohydrate+protein could inhibit chronic muscle carnitine accumulation. Carnitine 54-63 insulin Homo sapiens 17-24 26675771-8 2016 CONCLUSIONS: The insulin-mediated increase in forearm carnitine balance with carbohydrate consumption was acutely blunted by a carbohydrate+protein beverage, which suggests that carbohydrate+protein could inhibit chronic muscle carnitine accumulation. Carnitine 228-237 insulin Homo sapiens 17-24 24199158-6 2013 However, life style intervention such as exercise, which is the most potent physiological activator of muscle PDC, along with pharmacological intervention such as administration of dichloroacetate or L-carnitine can prove to be viable strategies for treating muscle insulin resistance in obesity and T2D as they can potentially restore whole body glucose disposal. Carnitine 200-211 insulin Homo sapiens 266-273 23636657-7 2013 DISCUSSION: L-Carnitine combined with HDI may have helped with the calcium channel blocker (CCB) poisoning by decreasing insulin resistance, promoting intracellular glucose transport, facilitating the metabolism of free fatty acids, and increasing calcium channel sensitivity. Carnitine 12-23 insulin Homo sapiens 121-128 23173999-1 2013 L-Carnitine (LC) administration has been recommended for specific indications in dialysis patients, including epoetin-resistant anemia, intradialytic hypotension, cardiomyopathy, fatigue, muscle weakness, and exercise performance; it may ameliorate insulin resistance, inflammation, and protein wasting. Carnitine 13-15 insulin Homo sapiens 249-256 22360675-4 2012 The reports reviewed in this study, including those more recent from our laboratory, have provided data suggesting that chronic renal failure and particularly hemodialysis patients can benefit from carnitine treatment in particular for renal anemia, insulin sensitivity, and protein catabolism. Carnitine 198-207 insulin Homo sapiens 250-257 22834149-8 2012 It is possible to be validly of opinion that the same philogenically ancient principles as inhibition of activity of carnitine-palmitoilacylaminotrsansferase, decrease of formation of fatty acid metabolites C4 (ketone bodies), short-chained metabolites of palmitic fatty acid and olein mono fatty acid are applied in realization of philogenically late insulin effect. Carnitine 117-126 insulin Homo sapiens 352-359 22157348-6 2012 Perioperative metabolic conditioning using glutamine and L-carnitine may be used to modulate insulin sensitivity but further studies need to determine whether these interventions result in clinical benefit. Carnitine 57-68 insulin Homo sapiens 93-100 26261054-11 2015 Indeed, the metabolic action of ghrelin, leptin or insulin at POMC or NPY neurons may depend on appropriate nutrient-sensing in these neurons and we hypothesize carnitine metabolism is critical in the integrative processing. Carnitine 161-170 insulin Homo sapiens 51-58 25600394-5 2015 Carnitine supplementation has been reported to counteract some of these alterations and has been associated with some clinical benefits, such as enhanced response to erythropoietin as well as improvement in exercise tolerance, intradialytic symptom, hyperparathyroidism, insulin resistance, inflammatory and oxidant status, protein balance, lipid profile, cardiac function, and quality of life. Carnitine 0-9 insulin Homo sapiens 271-278 23725973-0 2013 Effect of an L-carnitine-containing peritoneal dialysate on insulin sensitivity in patients treated with CAPD: a 4-month, prospective, multicenter randomized trial. Carnitine 13-24 insulin Homo sapiens 60-67 23725973-2 2013 We evaluate the efficacy of a peritoneal dialysis solution containing l-carnitine as an additive to improve insulin sensitivity. Carnitine 70-81 insulin Homo sapiens 108-115 23725973-15 2013 CONCLUSIONS: The use of l-carnitine in dialysis solutions may represent a new approach to improving insulin sensitivity in nondiabetic peritoneal dialysis patients. Carnitine 24-35 insulin Homo sapiens 100-107 23173999-1 2013 L-Carnitine (LC) administration has been recommended for specific indications in dialysis patients, including epoetin-resistant anemia, intradialytic hypotension, cardiomyopathy, fatigue, muscle weakness, and exercise performance; it may ameliorate insulin resistance, inflammation, and protein wasting. Carnitine 0-11 insulin Homo sapiens 249-256 22134503-2 2012 Since intracellular accumulation of acyl-CoA derivatives has been implicated in the development of insulin resistance, carnitine supplementation has gained attention as a tool for the treatment of insulin resistance. Carnitine 119-128 insulin Homo sapiens 99-106 22134503-2 2012 Since intracellular accumulation of acyl-CoA derivatives has been implicated in the development of insulin resistance, carnitine supplementation has gained attention as a tool for the treatment of insulin resistance. Carnitine 119-128 insulin Homo sapiens 197-204 22134503-3 2012 More recent studies even point toward a causative role for carnitine insufficiency in developing insulin resistance during states of chronic metabolic stress, such as obesity, which can be reversed by carnitine supplementation. Carnitine 59-68 insulin Homo sapiens 97-104 22134503-5 2012 RESULTS: Carnitine supplementation studies in both humans and animals demonstrate an improvement of glucose tolerance, in particular during insulin-resistant states. Carnitine 9-18 insulin Homo sapiens 140-147 22134503-8 2012 CONCLUSIONS: In view of the abovementioned beneficial effect of carnitine supplementation on glucose tolerance during insulin-resistant states, carnitine supplementation might be an effective tool for improvement of glucose utilization in obese type 2 diabetic patients. Carnitine 64-73 insulin Homo sapiens 118-125 22134503-8 2012 CONCLUSIONS: In view of the abovementioned beneficial effect of carnitine supplementation on glucose tolerance during insulin-resistant states, carnitine supplementation might be an effective tool for improvement of glucose utilization in obese type 2 diabetic patients. Carnitine 144-153 insulin Homo sapiens 118-125 20467011-0 2010 Caloric restriction and L-carnitine administration improves insulin sensitivity in patients with impaired glucose metabolism. Carnitine 24-35 insulin Homo sapiens 60-67 21224234-3 2011 Here we determined the effects of chronic l-carnitine and carbohydrate (CHO; to elevate serum insulin) ingestion on muscle TC content and exercise metabolism and performance in humans. Carnitine 42-53 insulin Homo sapiens 94-101 20963457-0 2011 Effects of oral L-carnitine supplementation on insulin sensitivity indices in response to glucose feeding in lean and overweight/obese males. Carnitine 16-27 insulin Homo sapiens 47-54 21809308-2 2011 These processes activate several metabolic and cellular functions, and L-carnitine supplementation proved able to reduce insulin resistance and improve lipid metabolism, muscle tropism and erythrocyte rheology. Carnitine 71-82 insulin Homo sapiens 121-128 20658442-8 2010 Plasma insulin levels correlated positively with leptin (r = 0.525, p<0.0001) and resistin (r = 0.284, p<0.005); adiponectin levels correlated inversely with leptin (r = -0.255, p<0.02) and resistin (r = -0.213, p<0.04) irrespective of carnitine status. Carnitine 248-257 insulin Homo sapiens 7-14 20467011-1 2010 BACKGROUND: Reduced circulating and tissue carnitine levels, possibly leading to impaired mitochondrial function, have been postulated to be involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Carnitine 43-52 insulin Homo sapiens 173-180 20467011-2 2010 However, whether L-carnitine administration may improve insulin sensitivity in patients with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2) is still controversial. Carnitine 17-28 insulin Homo sapiens 56-63 20467011-3 2010 The aim of the study was to explore the role of L-carnitine supplementation in influencing insulin sensitivity. Carnitine 48-59 insulin Homo sapiens 91-98 20467011-11 2010 Only in the L-carnitine-supplemented group did plasma insulin levels and HOMA-IR significantly decrease when compared to baseline values. Carnitine 12-23 insulin Homo sapiens 54-61 20467011-12 2010 CONCLUSIONS: Considering the role of caloric restriction in increasing the intestinal uptake of carnitine, the results suggest that oral L-carnitine administration, when associated with a hypocaloric feeding regimen, improves insulin resistance and may represent an adjunctive treatment for IFG and DM-2. Carnitine 137-148 insulin Homo sapiens 226-233 20530934-0 2009 Relationship between carnitine, fatty acids and insulin resistance. Carnitine 21-30 insulin Homo sapiens 48-55 19320933-3 2009 l-carnitine supplementation was associated with a decrease in postprandial plasma glucose and insulin concentration, indicating an enhanced glucose tolerance. Carnitine 0-11 insulin Homo sapiens 94-101 20683173-0 2010 Orlistat and L-carnitine compared to orlistat alone on insulin resistance in obese diabetic patients. Carnitine 13-24 insulin Homo sapiens 55-62 20683173-1 2010 Our study wants to evaluate the effects of one year treatment with orlistat plus L-carnitine compared to orlistat alone on body weight, glycemic and lipid control, and insulin resistance state in type 2 diabetic patients. Carnitine 81-92 insulin Homo sapiens 168-175 20683173-6 2010 We can safely conclude that the association of orlistat plus L-carnitine was better than orlistat in improving body weight, glycemic and lipid profile, insulin resistance, and inflammatory parameters and no significant adverse events were recorded. Carnitine 61-72 insulin Homo sapiens 152-159 20720348-0 2010 Sibutramine and L-carnitine compared to sibutramine alone on insulin resistance in diabetic patients. Carnitine 16-27 insulin Homo sapiens 61-68 20720348-1 2010 OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of one year of treatment with sibutramine plus L-carnitine compared to sibutramine on body weight, glycemic control, and insulin resistance state in type 2 diabetic patients. Carnitine 82-93 insulin Homo sapiens 156-163 20720348-7 2010 CONCLUSION: Sibutramine plus L-carnitine gave a faster improvement of lipid profile, insulin resistance parameters, glycemic control, and body weight compared to sibutramine. Carnitine 29-40 insulin Homo sapiens 85-92 19662615-4 2009 Hyperinsulemic/euglycemic clamp studies in humans and carnitine supplementation studies in rodents provide "proof-of-concept" that carnitine is effective at improving insulin-stimulated glucose utilization and in reversing abnormalities of fuel metabolism associated with T2D. Carnitine 131-140 insulin Homo sapiens 167-174 19553674-4 2009 Consistent with this prediction whole body carnitine diminution was identified as a common feature of insulin-resistant states such as advanced age, genetic diabetes, and diet-induced obesity. Carnitine 43-52 insulin Homo sapiens 102-109 20530934-5 2009 The results of the present study provide evidence that L-carnitine supplementation in pregnancy (2 g/day) avoids a striking increase in plasma FFA, which are thought to be the main cause of insulin resistance and consequently gestational diabetes mellitus. Carnitine 55-66 insulin Homo sapiens 190-197 18378560-10 2008 CONCLUSIONS: Decreased total L-carnitine levels may be associated with hyperandrogenism and/or insulin resistance in non-obese women with PCOS. Carnitine 29-40 insulin Homo sapiens 95-102 17198928-8 2007 Carnitine supplementation may enhance insulin resistance, inflammatory and antioxidant status, protein balance, lipid profile, and cardiac function. Carnitine 0-9 insulin Homo sapiens 38-45 18045815-0 2008 Insulin action on glucose and protein metabolism during L-carnitine supplementation in maintenance haemodialysis patients. Carnitine 56-67 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 18045815-2 2008 We have used a randomised, matched-paired, double-blind, placebo-controlled experimental design to determine the capability of intravenous L-carnitine supplementation to modify insulin resistance and protein catabolism in non-diabetic patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing chronic haemodialysis treatment. Carnitine 139-150 insulin Homo sapiens 177-184 18045815-7 2008 Insulin-mediated glucose disappearance was improved by L-carnitine only in those patients (n = 5) (+18 +/- 3%, P < 0.05 vs placebo group, n = 5) with greater baseline insulin resistance, selected according to the median value of insulin sensitivity before treatment. Carnitine 55-66 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 18045815-7 2008 Insulin-mediated glucose disappearance was improved by L-carnitine only in those patients (n = 5) (+18 +/- 3%, P < 0.05 vs placebo group, n = 5) with greater baseline insulin resistance, selected according to the median value of insulin sensitivity before treatment. Carnitine 55-66 insulin Homo sapiens 170-177 18045815-7 2008 Insulin-mediated glucose disappearance was improved by L-carnitine only in those patients (n = 5) (+18 +/- 3%, P < 0.05 vs placebo group, n = 5) with greater baseline insulin resistance, selected according to the median value of insulin sensitivity before treatment. Carnitine 55-66 insulin Homo sapiens 232-239 17565063-5 2007 Postfeeding and overall insulin and connecting peptide of insulin (c-peptide) was decreased for sows fed diets with CrP or L-carnitine and was greatest for sows fed the control diet; however, sows fed both L-carnitine and CrP had an intermediate response (L-carnitine x CrP, P < 0.01). Carnitine 123-134 insulin Homo sapiens 58-65 17565063-5 2007 Postfeeding and overall insulin and connecting peptide of insulin (c-peptide) was decreased for sows fed diets with CrP or L-carnitine and was greatest for sows fed the control diet; however, sows fed both L-carnitine and CrP had an intermediate response (L-carnitine x CrP, P < 0.01). Carnitine 123-134 insulin Homo sapiens 67-76 17565063-5 2007 Postfeeding and overall insulin and connecting peptide of insulin (c-peptide) was decreased for sows fed diets with CrP or L-carnitine and was greatest for sows fed the control diet; however, sows fed both L-carnitine and CrP had an intermediate response (L-carnitine x CrP, P < 0.01). Carnitine 206-217 insulin Homo sapiens 58-65 17565063-5 2007 Postfeeding and overall insulin and connecting peptide of insulin (c-peptide) was decreased for sows fed diets with CrP or L-carnitine and was greatest for sows fed the control diet; however, sows fed both L-carnitine and CrP had an intermediate response (L-carnitine x CrP, P < 0.01). Carnitine 206-217 insulin Homo sapiens 58-65 17138832-1 2007 Maintaining hyperinsulinemia (approximately 150 mU/l) during steady-state hypercarnitinemia (approximately 550 micromol/l) increases skeletal muscle total carnitine (TC) content by approximately 15% within 5 h. The present study aimed to investigate whether an increase in whole body carnitine retention can be achieved through L-carnitine feeding in conjunction with a dietary-induced elevation in circulating insulin. Carnitine 155-164 insulin Homo sapiens 17-24 17138832-1 2007 Maintaining hyperinsulinemia (approximately 150 mU/l) during steady-state hypercarnitinemia (approximately 550 micromol/l) increases skeletal muscle total carnitine (TC) content by approximately 15% within 5 h. The present study aimed to investigate whether an increase in whole body carnitine retention can be achieved through L-carnitine feeding in conjunction with a dietary-induced elevation in circulating insulin. Carnitine 328-339 insulin Homo sapiens 17-24 17047160-0 2007 A threshold exists for the stimulatory effect of insulin on plasma L-carnitine clearance in humans. Carnitine 67-78 insulin Homo sapiens 49-56 17047160-1 2007 Maintaining hyperinsulinemia ( approximately 160 mU/l) during steady-state hypercarnitinemia ( approximately 550 mumol/l) increases skeletal muscle total carnitine (TC) content by approximately 15% within 5 h. The aim of the present study was to further examine the relationship between serum insulin concentration and skeletal muscle carnitine accumulation by attempting to identify the serum insulin concentration at which this stimulatory effect of insulin on carnitine retention becomes apparent. Carnitine 154-163 insulin Homo sapiens 17-24 17047160-1 2007 Maintaining hyperinsulinemia ( approximately 160 mU/l) during steady-state hypercarnitinemia ( approximately 550 mumol/l) increases skeletal muscle total carnitine (TC) content by approximately 15% within 5 h. The aim of the present study was to further examine the relationship between serum insulin concentration and skeletal muscle carnitine accumulation by attempting to identify the serum insulin concentration at which this stimulatory effect of insulin on carnitine retention becomes apparent. Carnitine 154-163 insulin Homo sapiens 17-24 17047160-6 2007 The findings demonstrate that only high circulating serum insulin concentrations (> or =90 mU/l) are capable of stimulating skeletal muscle carnitine accumulation. Carnitine 143-152 insulin Homo sapiens 58-65 18714152-0 2008 Effect of oral L-carnitine administration on insulin sensitivity and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Carnitine 15-26 insulin Homo sapiens 45-52 18714152-1 2008 AIM: It was the aim of this study to evaluate the effect of oral L-carnitine administration on insulin sensitivity and lipid profile in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Carnitine 65-76 insulin Homo sapiens 95-102 16368715-0 2006 Insulin stimulates L-carnitine accumulation in human skeletal muscle. Carnitine 19-30 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 16368715-3 2006 We hypothesized that insulin could augment Na+-dependent skeletal muscle carnitine transport. Carnitine 73-82 insulin Homo sapiens 21-28 15591007-9 2004 In conclusion, both L-carnitine and ALC are effective in improving insulin-mediated glucose disposal either in healthy subjects or in type 2 diabetic patients. Carnitine 20-31 insulin Homo sapiens 67-74 11991847-0 2002 Decreased mitochondrial carnitine translocase in skeletal muscles impairs utilization of fatty acids in insulin-resistant patients. Carnitine 24-33 insulin Homo sapiens 104-111 15490412-13 2004 Many studies showed that carnitine allowed mitochondrial fatty acid usage to link to the rate of glucose usage, thus improving insulin resistance. Carnitine 25-34 insulin Homo sapiens 127-134 12757029-5 2003 After L-carnitine application delta CP was significantly increased (1.33 +/- 0.63 vs. 2.24 +/- 1.0 nmol/L; p<0.05) and also the area of the stimulated secretion under the CP curve (14.93 +/- 11.11 vs. 36.88 +/- 25.36 nmol/L x 60 min. Carnitine 6-17 insulin Homo sapiens 36-38 12757029-5 2003 After L-carnitine application delta CP was significantly increased (1.33 +/- 0.63 vs. 2.24 +/- 1.0 nmol/L; p<0.05) and also the area of the stimulated secretion under the CP curve (14.93 +/- 11.11 vs. 36.88 +/- 25.36 nmol/L x 60 min. Carnitine 6-17 insulin Homo sapiens 174-176 14618447-5 2003 In skeletal muscle, the importance of the function of the carnitine system in the control and regulation of fuel partitioning not only relates to the metabolism of fatty acids and the capacity for fatty acid utilization, but also to systemic fat balance and insulin resistance. Carnitine 58-67 insulin Homo sapiens 258-265 14618447-6 2003 The carnitine system is shown to be determinant in insulin regulation of fat and glucose metabolic rate in skeletal muscle, this being critical in determining body composition and relevant raised levels of risk factors for cardiovascular disease, obesity, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes. Carnitine 4-13 insulin Homo sapiens 51-58 12038470-1 1999 OBJECTIVE: The goal of this work is to assess the effect of L-carnitine on glucose disposal, particularly on insulin sensitivity, in healthy volunteers. Carnitine 60-71 insulin Homo sapiens 109-116 11576925-6 2001 In addition, carnitine supplementation may improve cardiac functions, protein metabolism, and insulin resistance. Carnitine 13-22 insulin Homo sapiens 94-101 10767668-6 2000 Amino acids, including L-carnitine, taurine, and L-arginine, might also play a role in the reversal of insulin resistance. Carnitine 23-34 insulin Homo sapiens 103-110 10067662-1 1999 OBJECTIVE: Aim of the present study is to evaluate the effects of L-carnitine on insulin-mediated glucose uptake and oxidation in type II diabetic patients and compare the results with those in healthy controls. Carnitine 66-77 insulin Homo sapiens 81-88 10067662-10 1999 CONCLUSIONS: L-carnitine constant infusion improves insulin sensitivity in insulin resistant diabetic patients; a significant effect on whole body insulin-mediated glucose uptake is also observed in normal subjects. Carnitine 13-24 insulin Homo sapiens 52-59 10067662-10 1999 CONCLUSIONS: L-carnitine constant infusion improves insulin sensitivity in insulin resistant diabetic patients; a significant effect on whole body insulin-mediated glucose uptake is also observed in normal subjects. Carnitine 13-24 insulin Homo sapiens 75-82 10067662-10 1999 CONCLUSIONS: L-carnitine constant infusion improves insulin sensitivity in insulin resistant diabetic patients; a significant effect on whole body insulin-mediated glucose uptake is also observed in normal subjects. Carnitine 13-24 insulin Homo sapiens 75-82